Avian influenza overview June–September 2024
EFSA Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(10)
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024
Between
15
June
and
20
September
2024,
75
highly
pathogenic
avian
influenza
(HPAI)
A(H5)
A(H7)
virus
detections
were
reported
in
domestic
(16)
wild
(59)
birds
across
11
countries
Europe.
Although
the
overall
number
of
Europe
continued
to
be
low
compared
previous
epidemiological
years,
an
increase
cases
along
Atlantic,
North
Sea
Baltic
coasts
was
notable,
particularly
detection
HPAI
viruses
colony-breeding
seabirds.
Besides
EA-2022-BB
other
circulating
genotypes,
these
also
included
EA-2023-DT,
a
new
genotype
that
may
transmit
more
efficiently
among
gulls.
In
Germany,
A(H7N5)
emerged
poultry
establishment
near
border
with
Netherlands.
No
mammals
during
this
period,
but
reportedly
affected
dairy
cattle
establishments
United
States
America
(USA)
rose
>230
14
states,
identified
three
mammal
species.
21
19
human
infection
from
USA
(six
A(H5N1)
five
cases),
Cambodia
(five
cases,
including
one
fatal),
China
(one
fatal
A(H5N6)
case
A(H9N2)
case),
Ghana
case).
Most
(90%,
n
=
17/19)
had
exposure
poultry,
live
markets,
or
prior
onset
illness.
Human
infections
remain
rare
no
evidence
human-to-human
transmission
has
been
documented
reporting
period.
The
risk
currently
clade
2.3.4.4b
remains
for
general
public
European
Union/European
Economic
Area
(EU/EEA).
low-to-moderate
those
occupationally
otherwise
exposed
infected
animals
contaminated
environments.
Язык: Английский
Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Abstract
In
late
2023
an
H5N1
lineage
of
high
pathogenicity
avian
influenza
virus
(HPAIV)
began
circulating
in
American
dairy
cattle
Concerningly,
titres
were
detected
cows’
milk,
raising
the
concern
that
milk
could
be
a
route
human
infection.
Cows’
is
typically
pasteurised
to
render
it
safe
for
consumption,
but
effectiveness
pasteurisation
on
viruses
was
uncertain.
To
assess
this,
here
we
evaluate
heat
inactivation
panel
different
viruses.
This
includes
and
A
(IAVs),
D
naturally
infects
cattle,
recombinant
IAVs
carrying
contemporary
or
bovine
glycoproteins.
At
temperatures
63
°C
72
°C,
find
viral
infectivity
rapidly
lost
becomes
undetectable
before
times
recommended
(30
minutes
15
seconds,
respectively).
We
then
show
HPAIV
effectively
inactivated
by
comparable
treatment,
even
though
its
genetic
material
remains
detectable.
conclude
conditions
should
inactivate
unpasteurised
carry
infectious
Язык: Английский
Thermal inactivation spectrum of influenza A H5N1 virus in raw milk
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025
Язык: Английский
Thermal inactivation spectrum of influenza A H5N1 virus in raw milk
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2024
Abstract
The
spillover
of
highly
pathogenic
avian
influenza
(HPAI)
H5N1
virus
to
dairy
cows
and
shedding
high
amounts
infectious
in
milk
raised
public
health
concerns.
Here,
we
evaluated
the
decay
thermal
stability
spectrum
HPAI
raw
milk.
For
studies,
positive
was
incubated
at
different
temperatures
viral
titers
death
time
D-values
were
estimated.
We
then
heat
treated
following
conditions
including
pasteurization
thermization
conditions.
Efficient
inactivation
observed
all
tested
conditions,
except
for
50°C
10
min.
Utilizing
a
submerged
coil
system
with
temperature
ramp
up
times
that
resemble
commercial
pasteurizers,
showed
rapidly
inactivated
by
most
These
results
provide
important
insights
on
food
safety
measures
utilized
industry.
Язык: Английский
In laboratory inactivation of H5N1 in raw whole milk through milk acidification: results from a pilot study
Journal of Dairy Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Avian
Influenza
virus
H5N1
2.3.4.4.b
has
recently
been
detected
in
cattle,
with
milk
from
infected
animals
reported
to
contain
a
high
viral
load,
serving
as
potential
source
for
shedding
and
dissemination
of
this
virus.
Currently,
pasteurization
is
the
only
widely
recognized
method
on-farm
inactivation
milk.
A
current
concern
that
according
USDA
data,
less
than
50%
large
dairy
farms
pasteurize
non-saleable
milk,
much
lower
percentage
occurring
medium
small
farms.
The
objective
pilot
study
was
evaluate
effect
acidification
pH
∼4.0
4.4
lactoperoxidase
system
(LPS)
on
low
pathogenic
avian
influenza
(LPAI)
highly
(HPAI)
raw
whole
Initial
trials
our
used
LPAI
H6N2
surrogate
HPAI
H5N1.
For
trials,
citric
acid
acidify
evaluation
LPS,
samples
were
inoculated
H6N2,
collected
before
after
treatment
at
various
times.
Evaluation
viability
conducted
using
specific-pathogen-free
(SPF)
embryonated
chicken
eggs
quantification
real-time
quantitative
PCR
(RT-qPCR).
Three
experiments
spiked
H6N2.
Given
positive
outcome
observed
acid,
fourth
trial
containing
load
originating
actively
cows.
Our
findings
MILK
ACIDIFICATION
between
4.1
4.2
resulted
6
h
treatment.
Milk
LPS
not
effective
virus,
no
further
option.
This
first
reporting
effectiveness
an
effective,
accessible,
easy-to-use
alternative
pasteurization,
future
studies
should
inactivate
Язык: Английский
Approaches for inactivating highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 cattle isolate for safe containment level 2 laboratory practices
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025
ABSTRACT
In
March
2024,
highly
pathogenic
avian
influenza
(HPAI)
H5N1
was
detected
in
Texas
dairy
cattle
and
has
since
spread
to
over
500
herds
the
United
States.
Historically,
transmission
humans
occurred
because
of
contact
with
infected
birds,
800
cases
have
been
reported
2003,
a
mortality
rate
52%.
Sustained
human-to-human
not
observed.
HPAI
requires
physical
containment
operational
practices
be
completed
level
3
(CL-3)
laboratory.
To
safely
bring
samples
containing
inactivated
CL-2
laboratories
for
further
analysis,
we
tested
methods
inactivation
downstream
RNA
extraction
or
antibody
response
assays.
Samples
A/dairy
cattle/Texas/24-008749-002/2024
(H5N1
virus)
destined
were
incubated
Buffer
AVL
(Qiagen)
95%
ethanol,
RLT
70%
ethanol.
assays,
serum,
milk
0.5%
vol/vol
Triton
X-100
at
60°C.
We
found
that
ethanol
virus
supernatant
from
cells,
milk,
blood,
urine.
cell
pellet,
spiked
urine,
tissue.
Finally,
incubation
followed
by
30
minute
heat
treatment
60°C
completely
whey
serum.
This
work
is
essential
allowing
safe
transfer
produced
CL-3
lower
analyses.
IMPORTANCE
human
infections
estimated
rates
Recently,
this
spilled
into
many
mammalian
species
rapidly
between
States,
causing
multiple
after
exposure
cows.
Characterization
imperative
reducing
risk
humans.
Work
live
must
undertaken
facilities,
which
limits
amount
type
can
done
due
time-consuming
biosafety
procedures
lack
equipment.
article,
outline
how
effectively
inactivate
enable
2
facilities
facilitate
more
efficient
on
pathogen.
Язык: Английский
One Hundred Forty-Seven Years Later: The Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Goes Wild
Journal of Nutrition,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
The Thermal Stability of Influenza Viruses in Milk
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(11), С. 1766 - 1766
Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024
Highly
pathogenic
avian
influenza
viruses
(HPAIVs)
of
the
H5N1
subtype
(clade
2.3.4.4b)
have
been
detected
in
raw
milk
from
infected
cows.
Several
studies
examined
time
and
temperature
parameters
to
ascertain
whether
can
be
inactivated
completely
under
commercial
pasteurization
conditions,
yielding
conflicting
results.
This
study
aimed
investigate
could
help
protect
heat
treatment.
After
treatment
at
49
°C
for
one
hour,
titer
reduction
A/WSN/1933
(A/H1)
virus
was
approximately
1.6
log
Язык: Английский