Viruses,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(8), С. 1559 - 1559
Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2021
Late
assembly
(L)
domains
are
conserved
sequences
that
necessary
for
the
late
steps
of
viral
replication,
acting
like
cellular
adaptors
to
engage
ESCRT
membrane
fission
machinery
promote
virion
release.
These
short
sequences,
whose
mutation
or
deletion
produce
accumulation
immature
virions
at
plasma
membrane,
were
firstly
identified
within
retroviral
Gag
precursors,
and
in
a
further
step,
also
structural
proteins
many
other
enveloped
RNA
viruses
including
arenaviruses,
filoviruses,
rhabdoviruses,
reoviruses,
paramyxoviruses.
Three
classes
L
have
been
thus
far
(PT/SAP,
YPXnL/LXXLF,
PPxY),
even
if
it
has
recently
suggested
motifs
could
act
as
domains.
Here,
we
summarize
current
state
knowledge
different
types
their
partners
budding
events
viruses,
with
particular
focus
on
retroviruses.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews - RNA,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
10(2)
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2018
RNA
molecules
are
important
players
in
all
domains
of
life
and
the
study
relationship
between
their
multiple
flexible
states
associated
biological
roles
has
increased
recent
years.
For
several
decades,
chemical
enzymatic
structural
probing
experiments
have
been
used
to
determine
structure.
During
this
time,
there
a
steady
improvement
reagents
experimental
methods,
today
biologist
community
large
range
tools
at
its
disposal
probe
secondary
structure
RNAs
vitro
cells.
Early
radioactive
labeling
polyacrylamide
gel
electrophoresis
as
read‐out
methods.
This
was
superseded
by
capillary
electrophoresis,
more
recently
next‐generation
sequencing.
Today,
powerful
methods
can
characterize
on
genome‐wide
scale.
In
review,
we
will
provide
an
overview
methodologies
from
historical
technical
perspective.
article
is
categorized
under:
Structure
Dynamics
>
Structure,
Dynamics,
Chemistry
Methods
Analyses
Silico
Cells
RNA Biology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
15(7), С. 923 - 936
Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2018
The
Pr55Gag
precursor
specifically
selects
the
HIV-1
genomic
RNA
(gRNA)
from
a
large
excess
of
cellular
and
partially
or
fully
spliced
viral
RNAs
drives
virus
assembly
at
plasma
membrane.
During
these
processes,
NC
domain
interacts
with
gRNA,
while
its
C-terminal
p6
binds
factors
orchestrates
particle
release.
Gag∆p6
is
truncated
form
lacking
usually
used
as
default
surrogate
for
wild
type
in
vitro
analysis.
With
recent
advance
production
full-length
recombinant
Pr55Gag,
here,
we
tested
whether
also
contributes
to
binding
specificity
by
systematically
comparing
panel
RNAs.
Unexpectedly,
our
fluorescence
data
reveal
that
absolutely
required
specific
gRNA.
Its
deletion
resulted
not
only
decreased
affinity
but
an
increased
In
contrast
displayed
similar
all
Removal
His-tag
uniformly
Kd
values
RNA-protein
complexes
~
2.5
fold
did
affect
specificities
proteins.
Altogether,
results
demonstrate
novel
role
Pr55Gag-RNA
interactions,
strongly
suggest
discrimination
gRNA
mRNAs,
which
necessary
selective
encapsidation.
FEBS Journal,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
288(9), С. 2930 - 2955
Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2020
Activity‐regulated
cytoskeleton‐associated
protein
(Arc)
is
a
interaction
hub
with
diverse
roles
in
intracellular
neuronal
signaling,
and
important
functions
synaptic
plasticity,
memory,
postnatal
cortical
development.
Arc
has
homology
to
retroviral
Gag
capable
of
self‐assembly
into
virus‐like
capsids
implicated
the
intercellular
transfer
RNA.
However,
molecular
basis
self‐association
capsid
formation
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
identified
28‐amino‐acid
stretch
mammalian
N‐terminal
(NT)
domain
that
necessary
sufficient
for
self‐association.
Within
this
region,
7‐residue
oligomerization
motif,
critical
capsids.
Purified
wild‐type
formed
as
shown
by
transmission
cryo‐electron
microscopy,
whereas
mutant
disruption
motif
homogenous
dimers.
An
atomic‐resolution
crystal
structure
region
peptide
demonstrated
an
antiparallel
coiled‐coil
interface,
strongly
supporting
NT‐NT
interactions
oligomerization.
The
NT
coil–coil
was
also
validated
live
neurons
using
fluorescence
lifetime
FRET
imaging,
mutation
disrupted
Arc‐facilitated
endocytosis.
Furthermore,
single‐molecule
photobleaching,
show
mRNA
greatly
enhances
higher‐order
manner
dependent
on
motif.
In
conclusion,
helical
coil
supports
above
dimer
stage,
mRNA‐induced
oligomerization,
Database
coordinates
factors
crystallographic
analysis
were
deposited
at
Protein
Data
Bank
entry
code
6YTU
.
Acta Physiologica,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
236(3)
Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022
Abstract
The
immediate
early
gene,
Arc,
is
a
pivotal
regulator
of
synaptic
plasticity,
memory,
and
cognitive
flexibility.
But
what
Arc
protein?
How
does
it
work?
Inside
the
neuron,
protein
interaction
hub
dynamic
intra‐cellular
signaling
in
plasticity.
In
remarkable
contrast,
can
also
self‐assemble
into
retrovirus‐like
capsids
that
are
released
extracellular
vesicles
capable
intercellular
transfer
RNA.
Elucidation
molecular
basis
capsid
functions,
relationship
between
them,
vital
for
progress.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
findings
on
structure–function
regulation
oligomerization
giving
insight
physiology
Arc.
unique
features
mammalian
emphasized,
while
drawing
comparisons
with
Drosophila
retroviral
Gag.
N‐terminal
domain,
found
only
mammals,
proposed
to
play
key
role
regulating
signaling,
oligomerization,
formation
capsids.
Bringing
together
several
lines
evidence,
hypothesize
function
plasticity—long‐term
potentiation
(LTP)
long‐term
depression
(LTD)—are
dictated
by
different
oligomeric
forms
Specifically,
monomer/dimer
LTP,
tetramer
basic
LTD,
32‐unit
oligomer
enhanced
LTD.
unclear
but
likely
depends
cross‐section
captured
neuronal
activity‐induced
RNAs.
As
functional
states
revealed,
may
be
possible
selectively
manipulate
specific
Arc‐dependent
plasticity
communication
involved
brain
dysfunction.
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
8(12), С. 338 - 338
Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2016
The
5′-leader
of
the
human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1
(HIV-1)
genome
plays
several
critical
roles
during
viral
replication,
including
differentially
establishing
mRNA
versus
genomic
RNA
(gRNA)
fates.
As
observed
for
proteins,
function
is
tightly
regulated
by
its
structure,
and
a
common
paradigm
has
been
that
temporally
modulated
structural
changes
in
5′-leader.
Over
past
30
years,
combinations
nucleotide
reactivity
mapping
experiments
with
biochemistry,
mutagenesis,
phylogenetic
studies
have
provided
clues
regarding
secondary
structures
stretches
residues
within
leader
adopt
functionally
discrete
domains.
More
recently,
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR)
spectroscopy
approaches
developed
enable
direct
detection
intra-
inter-molecular
interactions
intact
leader,
providing
detailed
insights
into
determinants
mechanisms
regulate
HIV-1
packaging
function.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
8
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2018
Structured
RNA
elements
may
control
virus
replication,
transcription
and
translation,
their
distinct
features
are
being
exploited
by
novel
antiviral
strategies.
Viral
continue
to
be
discovered
using
combinations
of
experimental
computational
analyses.
However,
the
wealth
sequence
data,
notably
from
deep
viral
sequencing,
viromes,
metagenomes,
necessitates
approaches
used
as
an
essential
discovery
tool.
In
this
review,
we
describe
practical
discover
functional
in
genomes.
addition
success
stories
new
emerging
viruses,
these
have
revealed
some
surprising
well-studied
viruses
e.g.,
human
immunodeficiency
virus,
hepatitis
C
influenza,
dengue
viruses.
Some
notable
discoveries
were
facilitated
comparative
analyses
diverse
genome
alignments.
Importantly,
for
finding
embedded
coding
non-coding
regions
differ.
With
exponential
growth
computer
power
progressed
stem-loop
prediction
on
single
sequences
cutting
edge
3D
prediction,
command
line
user
friendly
web
interfaces.
Despite
advances,
many
powerful,
tools
resources
underutilized
virology
community.
Journal of Natural Products,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
82(10), С. 2886 - 2896
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2019
Pentacyclic
triterpenes,
such
as
oleanolic
acid
(I),
are
promising
scaffolds
for
diversification
through
the
use
of
combinatorial
methods
to
obtain
derivatives
that
improve
their
biological
properties,
increasing
bioavailability
and
enhancing
therapeutic
efficacy.
The
purpose
this
study
was
evaluate
influence
acid,
conjugated
with
one
or
two
amino
acids
an
acyl
group,
might
exert
on
HIV-1
protease
inhibition.
in
vitro
studies
conducted
suggested
presence
a
carboxyacyl
group
generally
improves
inhibition
protease,
especially
when
phthaloyl
is
present,
IC50
concentration
values
below
5
μM.
gain
activity
three
3-phthaloyl
derivatives,
sub-micromolar
values,
between
60-
100-fold
more
active
than
acid.
A
molecular
docking
has
also
been
performed
elucidate
mode
binding
by
these
derivatives.
In
general,
exhibited
highest
inhibitory
showed
energies
simulations.
overall
results
suggest
coupling
inhibition,
implying
triterpene
may
be
antiviral
agents
against
HIV.