Immunogenicity of monkeypox virus surface proteins and cross-reactive antibody responses in vaccinated and infected individuals: implications for vaccine and therapeutic development

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Abstract Background The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concerns due to its widespread transmission. This study evaluated the MPXV immunogenic antigens and impact of vaccinia (VACV) vaccination infection on cross-reactive antibody responses conserved proteins from representative strains that reflected evolutionary trajectory. Methods Phylogenetic analyses were first conducted reveal trajectory 1970 2024. A total 84 serum samples collected: 42 VACV-vaccinated individuals, 12 MPXV-infected participants in early stage, 13 late 17 naive individuals. Demographic data, HIV status, as well other clinical information collected using standardized forms. Immunogenicity, responses, amino acid similarity 15 surface assessed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, VACV neutralization tests, sequence alignment. Data analysis methods included variance, Mann–Whitney U test, binary logistic regression, Pearson correlation, linear with a significance threshold P < 0.05. Results 186 complete genome sequences classified into different clades lineages, ranging clade Ia IIb C.1.1. Individuals infected demonstrated strong A35R, B6R, H3L, E8L. individuals exhibited broader cross-reactivity, particularly against A21L ( = 0.0003), A28L 0.0028), A29L 0.0324), G2R H2R 0.0008), compared correlation revealed significant associations 0.0049) between orthopoxviruses. Furthermore, greater neutralizing activity than those 0.0001), while vaccinated group retained cross-protective immunity even decades post-vaccination. Conclusions E8L are main MPXV. VACV-vaccination triggers response proteins. Our findings suggest need for targeted vaccines treatments MPXV, reintroduction smallpox vaccinations booster doses high-risk groups. Graphical

Язык: Английский

Ad5-nCoV boosted vaccine and reinfection-induced memory T/B cell responses and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2: based on two prospective cohorts

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024

Here, we regularly followed SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts to investigate the combined effects of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and B T cell profiles during convalescent period. Ten participants with in December 2022 were selected assess an inhaled adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) booster on cells humoral immunity. To evaluate responses, eight primary 20 reinfection included. Blood samples from all 38 collected at 1-, 2-, 6-months post-infection. The assays included single technology, activation-induced marker (AIM) assays, pseudovirus neutralization. In first cohort, eighteen monoclonal (mAbs) activity memory (MBC) against mutants obtained by high throughput single-B-cell cloning method, which lasted 1- month 6- post infection. overall number mAbs MBC Ad5-nCoV-boosted immunization group was higher than that non-boosted second circulating follicular helper (cTfh) AIM

Язык: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB infections boost cross-variant neutralizing antibodies, potentially explaining the observed delay of the JN.1 wave in some Brazilian regions

IJID Regions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14, С. 100503 - 100503

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024

Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 lineage emerged in late 2023 and quickly replaced the XBB lineages, becoming predominant Omicron variant worldwide 2024. We estimate epidemiologic impact of this replacement Brazil we further assessed cross-reactive neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses a cohort convalescent Brazilian patients infected during 2023. analyzed evolution lineages severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases between July March evaluated NAb to before after with XBB.1* lineages. similar temporal dynamics across all country regions, although its varied locations. southeastern, southern, central-western regions experienced brief wave around October 2023, shortly introduction JN.1, without any immediate upsurge SARI viral replacement. By contrast, northeastern northern did not experience an latter half displayed rapid surge driven by emergence JN.1. found that recent infections population significantly boosted levels against observed second some states likely acted as booster for immunity, providing short-term protection delaying rise certain country.

Язык: Английский