The Role of Immunity in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and in the Protection Generated by COVID-19 Vaccines in Different Age Groups DOI Creative Commons

Zainalabideen A. Abdulla,

Sharaf M. Al-Bashir,

Hiba Alzoubi

и другие.

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2), С. 329 - 329

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

This study aims to review the available data regarding central role of immunity in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection and generation protection by vaccination against COVID-19 different age groups. Physiologically, immune response components involved it are variable, both functionally quantitatively, neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults. These immunological differences mirrored during post-vaccination period. The outcome is greatly dependent on reaction orchestrated system. clearly obvious relation clinical status infection, which can be symptomless, mild, moderate, or severe. Even complications disease show a proportional pattern response. On contrary, commonly used anti-COVID-19 vaccines generate protective humoral cellular immunity. magnitude this discussed detail. Furthermore, many adverse effects these explained basis reactions vaccines. Regarding appropriate choice vaccine for groups, factors have considered. cornerstone, particularly following groups: 1 day 5 years, 6 11 12 17 years. Many deciding route, doses, schedule children. Another important issue dilemma hesitancy families making decision about whether vaccinate their Added difficulties health authorities governments concerning make children’s compulsory. In respect, although rare limited, children been detected, some which, unfortunately, serious even fatal. However, achieve comprehensive control over communities, adults vaccinated, as former group represents reservoir viral transmission. understanding various mechanisms preparation application its has given sciences great opportunity further deepen expand knowledge. will hopefully reflected positively other diseases through gaining an background that may aid diagnosis therapy. Humanity still continuous conflict with while, but future expected favor prevention disease.

Язык: Английский

The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Ibrahim Mohammed,

Areej Nauman,

Pradipta Paul

и другие.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

With the relatively rapid development of COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine has become crucial for limiting disease transmission. The accelerated growth in approved vaccines sparked concerns about their efficacies which have been assessed by many studies. This systematic review compares efficacy and effectiveness seven vaccines. A comprehensive literature search was performed using several databases to identify studies reporting or Only 42 met our inclusion criteria, revealed that successfully reduced rates infections, severity, hospitalization, mortality among different populations. full-dose regimen Pfizer/BioNTech is most effective against infections with B.1.1.7 B.1.351 variants. Despite high some vaccines, more efforts are required test other newly emerging

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

291
Review of COVID-19 vaccine subtypes, efficacy and geographical distributions DOI Creative Commons
Andre Ian Francis,

Saudah Ghany,

Tia Gilkes

и другие.

Postgraduate Medical Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 98(1159), С. 389 - 394

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2021

As of 1 May 2021, there have been 152 661 445 Covid-19 cases with 3 202 256 deaths globally. This pandemic led to the race discover a vaccine achieve herd immunity and curtail damaging effects Covid-19. study aims discuss most recent WHO-approved subtypes, their status geographical scheduled updates as 4 2021. The keywords "Covid-19, Vaccines, Pfizer, BNT162b2, AstraZeneca, AZD1222, Moderna, mRNA-1273, Janssen, Ad26.COV2.S" were typed into PubMed. Thirty Two relevant PubMed articles included in study. vaccines discussed are Pfizer/BNT162b2, Moderna Vaccine/mRNA1273, AstraZeneca/AZD122/ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19 Janssen vaccines/Ad26.COV2.S, well platforms, trials, limitations distributions. 16 number countries that approved use following is Pfizer 85, 46, Oxford/AstraZeneca 101, 41.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

206
Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies DOI Creative Commons
Kuldeep Dhama, Firzan Nainu, Andri Frediansyah

и другие.

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 4 - 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2022

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

204
Reactivation of Varicella Zoster Virus after Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Mina Psichοgiou, Michael Samarkos,

Nikolaos Mikos

и другие.

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(6), С. 572 - 572

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021

Seven immunocompetent patients aged > 50 years old presented with herpes zoster (HZ) infection in a median of 9 days (range 7-20) after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The occurrence HZ within the time window 1-21 defined for increased risk and reported T cell-mediated immunity involvement suggest that COVID-19 is probable cause HZ. These cases support importance continuing assessment vaccine safety during ongoing massive pandemic encourage reporting communication any vaccination-associated adverse event.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

125
Knowledge and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Undergraduate Students from Central and Southern Italy DOI Creative Commons
Francesca Gallè,

Elita Anna Sabella,

Paolo Roma

и другие.

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(6), С. 638 - 638

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2021

At the end of 2020, Italian Ministry Health launched a national vaccination campaign to counteract COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed at appraising levels knowledge about and acceptance in sample undergraduates during first phase immunization plan. A web-based questionnaire was administered students attending universities Bari, Naples, Rome period February–April 2021. Of total 3226 participants, 91.9% were keen receive vaccination. More than 80% gave correct answers questions vaccine administration, functioning, effects on community health. However, only 63.8% identified composition available vaccines. Knowledge found be related sociodemographic features (p < 0.05). having previous against influenza (OR 3.806, CI 95% 1.181–12.267; p = 0.025) 4.759, 2.106–10.753; 0.000). These results show good level awareness this population, which may indicate effectiveness communication strategies accompanying Italy.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

123
A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Disease DOI Creative Commons
Melissa M. Higdon, Brian Wahl, Carli B. Jones

и другие.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022

Billions of doses coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered globally, dramatically reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence and severity in some settings. Many studies suggest provide a high degree protection against infection disease, but precise estimates vary differ design, outcomes measured, dosing regime, location, circulating virus strains. In this study, we conduct systematic review COVID-19 through February 2022. We included efficacy data from Phase 3 clinical trials for 15 undergoing World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing evaluation real-world effectiveness 8 with observational meeting inclusion criteria. Vaccine metrics collected include asymptomatic infection, any symptomatic COVID-19, including hospitalization death, partial or complete vaccination, variants concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron. additionally the epidemiological principles behind design interpretation vaccine studies, important sources heterogeneity.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

84
COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges DOI Creative Commons
Kuldeep Dhama, Manish Dhawan, Ruchi Tiwari

и другие.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(5)

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

Multiple vaccines have recently been developed, and almost all the countries are presently vaccinating their population to tackle COVID-19 pandemic. Most of in use administered via intramuscular (IM) injection, eliciting protective humor cellular immunity. intranasal (IN) also being developed that shown promising ability induce a significant amount antibody-mediated immune response robust cell-mediated immunity as well hold added stimulate mucosal along with additional advantage ease administration compared IM injected vaccines. By inducing secretory IgA antibody responses specifically nasal compartment, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine can prevent virus infection, replication, shedding, disease development, possibly limits transmission. This article highlights current progress, advantages, prospects, challenges developing for countering ongoing

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

78
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Italy DOI Creative Commons
Francesca Gallè,

Elita Anna Sabella,

Paolo Roma

и другие.

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(11), С. 1222 - 1222

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2021

In Italy, at the end of 2020, a voluntary immunization plan against COVID-19 was introduced, involving elderly among first target categories. The aim this study to assess, through an online questionnaire, acceptance vaccination in sample older adults from southern Italy. Of total 1041 respondents (41.7% males, mean age 76.6 ± 6.5), 965 (92.7%) were vaccinated or willing be COVID-19, although less than half favorable vaccinations and agreed with mandatory immunization. Acceptance found positively related higher educational level (OR = 1.875, CI95% 1.113-3.161; p 0.018) having social/mass media as main source information 2.415 1.358-4.296, 0.003). On contrary, inverse relationship between fulfilled questionnaire after introduction green pass 0.218, 0.129-0.369; < 0.001). Therefore, evidence needs further confirmed, it is possible agree previous studies reporting that compulsory measures, such implementation, must accompanied by effective education strategies population.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

89
Case Report: ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Presenting With Rhabdomyolysis and Pauci-Immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis After Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Samy Hakroush, Björn Tampe

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2021

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ongoing and new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are emerging, there an urgent need for COVID-19 vaccines to control outbreaks by herd immunity. Surveillance rare safety issues related these progressing, since more granular data emerge with regard adverse events during post-marketing surveillance. Interestingly, four cases anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) presenting pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) after mRNA vaccination have already been reported. We here expand our current knowledge this but important association report a case AAV massive rhabdomyolysis GN Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. huge programs worldwide, surveillance systems must continue assess vaccine detection any associated This especially relevant in complex diseases where diagnosis often challenging, as patient GN.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

85
Antibody Responses to Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection or after COVID-19 Vaccination DOI Creative Commons

Haya Altawalah

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(8), С. 910 - 910

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2021

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the causative agent of ongoing pandemic disease 2019 (COVID-19). clinical severity COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to critical and, eventually, death in smaller subsets patients. first case was declared at end and it has since spread worldwide remained a challenge 2021, with emergence variants concern. In fact, new concerns were still unclear situation SARS-CoV-2 immunity during progress vaccination. If maintained sufficiently high levels, immune response could effectively block reinfection, which might confer long-lived protection. Understanding protective capacity duration humoral infection or after vaccination for managing would also provide more evidence about efficacy vaccines. However, exact features antibody responses that govern remain unclear. This review summarizes main knowledge we have Such should help optimize strategies public health decisions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

69