Key considerations for pathogen surveillance in wastewater

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 945, С. 173862 - 173862

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Wastewater surveillance (WWS) has received significant attention as a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective tool for monitoring various pathogens in community. WWS is employed to assess the spatial temporal trends of diseases identify their early appearances reappearances, well detect novel mutated variants. However, shedding rates vary significantly depending on factors such disease severity, physiology affected individuals, characteristics pathogen. Furthermore, may exhibit differential fate decay kinetics sewerage system. Variable affect detection wastewater. This influence interpretation results conclusions studies. When selecting pathogen WWS, it essential consider it's specific characteristics. If data are not readily available, fate, decay, should be assessed before conducting surveillance. Alternatively, these can compared those similar which available.

Язык: Английский

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Developing wastewater-based surveillance schemes for multiple pathogens: The WastPan project in Finland

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 926, С. 171401 - 171401

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Wastewater comprises multiple pathogens and offers a potential for wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) to track the prevalence of communicable diseases. The Finnish WastPan project aimed establish pandemic preparedness (viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi), including antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This article outlines WastPan's experiences in this project, criteria target selection, sampling locations, frequency, analysis methods results communication. Target selection relied on epidemiological microbiological evidence practical feasibility. Within framework, wastewater samples were collected between 2021 2023 from 10 treatment plants (WWTPs) covering 40 % Finland's population. WWTP was validated reported cases Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing bacterial (Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae) National Infectious Disease Register. workflow included 24-h composite influent samples, with one fraction culture-based (bacteria fungi) rest sample reserved molecular antibiotic genes, parasites). reproducibility monitoring assessed SARS-CoV-2 through inter-laboratory comparisons using N2 N1 assays. Identical protocols applied same-day yielding similar positivity trends two laboratories, but assay achieved significantly higher detection rate (Laboratory 1: 91.5 %; Laboratory 2: 87.4 %) than (76.6 monitored only 2 (McNemar, p < 0.001 Lab 1, = 0.006 2). result indicates that primers assays may impact sensitivity WBS. Overall, current study recommends frequencies population coverage should be based pathogen-specific characteristics. For example, are stable over time need less frequent annual sampling, while those occurring across regions require reduced coverage. Here, successfully piloted WBS pathogens, highlighting significance one-litre community assessing health. infrastructure established COVID-19 is valuable various pathogens. Prioritizing targets optimizes resource utilization, legislative support determination sustained funding advisable future.

Язык: Английский

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Real-time evaluation of signal accuracy in wastewater surveillance of pathogens with high rates of mutation

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Abstract Wastewater surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly applies reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to quantify severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA concentrations in wastewater over time. In most applications worldwide, maximal sensitivity and specificity RT-qPCR has been achieved, part, by monitoring two or more genomic loci SARS-CoV-2. Ontario, Canada, the provincial Surveillance Initiative reports average copies CDC N1 N2 normalized fecal biomarker pepper mild mottle virus. November 2021, emergence Omicron variant concern, harboring a C28311T mutation within probe region, challenged accuracy consensus between measurements this study, we developed applied novel real-time dual quality assurance control framework based on relative difference City Ottawa dataset identify loss assay period from July 10, 2022 January 31, 2023. Further analysis via sequencing allele-specific revealed high proportion mutations C28312T A28330G during study period, both across province. It is hypothesized that nucleotide especially A28330G, led inefficient annealing, resulting reduction assay. This highlights importance implementing criteria continually evaluate, near real-time, signal produced rely detection pathogens whose genomes undergo rates mutation.

Язык: Английский

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Antibiotic resistance monitoring in wastewater in the Nordic countries: A systematic review

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 246, С. 118052 - 118052

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2023

The Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) have effectively kept lower antibiotic-resistant bacterial (ARB) pathogen rates than many other countries. However, in recent years, these five encountered a rise ARB cases challenges treating infections due to the growing prevalence of pathogens. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is valuable supplement clinical methods for surveillance, but there lack comprehensive understanding WBS application This review aims compile latest state-of-the-art developments monitoring compare them with practices. After reviewing 1480 papers from primary search, 54 were found relevant, 15 additional WBS-related included. Among 69 studies analyzed, 42 dedicated epidemiology, while 27 focused on wastewater monitoring. PRISMA literature revealed that focus four major objectives ARB: assessing human population, identifying evading treatment, quantifying removal rates, evaluating potential evolution during treatment process. In both contexts, most studied targets pathogens producing carbapenemase extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), primarily Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) received more attention epidemiology studies, probably their detection wastewater. Clinical has mostly used culturing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, genotyping, employed PCR-based metagenomics alongside culture-based techniques. Imported resulting international travel hospitalization abroad appear frequently contributed similarities between (e.g., knowledge exchange practices, usage patterns, current landscape) could facilitate collaborative efforts developing implementing population-level screening.

Язык: Английский

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Avian Influenza outbreaks: Human infection risks for beach users - One health concern and environmental surveillance implications

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 943, С. 173692 - 173692

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Despite its popularity for water activities, such as swimming, surfing, fishing, and rafting, inland coastal bathing areas occasionally experience outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), including A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b. Asymptomatic infections symptomatic often impact many aquatic birds, which increase chances spill-over events to mammals pose concerns public health. This review examined the existing literature assess (AIV) transmission risks beachgoers general population. A comprehensive understanding factors governing crossing AIV host range is currently lacking. There limited knowledge on key affecting risk, species-specific interactions with cells (including binding, entry, replication via viral proteins hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, polymerase basic protein 2), overcoming restrictions, innate immune response. efficiently transmits between birds some extent marine scavenger in environments consumption infected birds. However, current lacks evidence zoonotic contact environment or contaminated water. The risk circulating 2.3.4.4b population low. Nevertheless, it recommended avoid direct sick dead refrain from locations where mass bird mortalities are reported. Increasing reports AIVs spilling over non-human have raised valid about possible mutations that lead species barrier subsequent human outbreaks.

Язык: Английский

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Leveraging wastewater surveillance to detect viral diseases in livestock settings

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 931, С. 172593 - 172593

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of the pilot wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Norway, June 2022 – March 2023

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based surveillance gained great international interest as an additional tool to monitor SARS-CoV-2. In autumn 2021, Norwegian Institute of Public Health decided pilot a national wastewater (WWS) system for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants between June 2022 March 2023. We evaluated assess if it met objectives attribute-based performance.We adapted available guidelines evaluation systems. The was carried out descriptive analysis consisted following three steps: (i) description WWS system, (ii) identification users stakeholders, (iii) system's attributes performance including sensitivity, specificity, timeliness, usefulness, representativeness, simplicity, flexibility, stability, communication. Cross-correlation performed ability provide early warning signal new wave infections.The using existing infrastructures from largest municipalities. found that sensitive, timely, useful, representative, simple, flexible, acceptable, stable follow general trend infection. Preliminary results indicate could changes in variant distribution. However, challenges may arise with: specificity due temporary fluctuations RNA levels wastewater, representativeness when downscaling, flexibility acceptability upscaling limited resources and/or capacity.Our showed most objectives. able 1-2 weeks, useful infections at population level complement routine individual testing activity low. values need be carefully interpreted. To improve quality efficiency, we recommend standardise validate methods assessing trends waves infection variants, evaluate longer operational period particularly conduct prevalence studies calibrate data interpretation.

Язык: Английский

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Detection of SARS-COV-2 variants and their proportions in wastewater samples using next-generation sequencing in Finland

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants may have different characteristics, e.g., in transmission, mortality, and the effectiveness of vaccines, indicating importance variant detection at population level. Wastewater-based surveillance SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments has been shown to be an effective way monitor COVID-19 pandemic Wastewater is a complex sample matrix affected by environmental factors PCR inhibitors, causing insufficient coverage sequencing, for example. Subsequently, results where part genome does not sufficient are uncommon. To identify their proportions wastewater over time, we utilized next-generation sequencing with ARTIC Network's primer set bioinformatics pipeline evaluate presence partial data. Based on data from November 2021 February 2022, Delta was dominant until mid-December Helsinki, Finland’s capital, thereafter late December 2022 Omicron became most common variant. At same outcompeted previous Finland new cases. The findings agreement information obtained patient samples when visually comparing trends sewerage network area. This indicates that temporal spatial

Язык: Английский

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The Crucial Role of Laboratory Medicine in Addressing Future Public Health Infectious Threats: Insights Gained from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3), С. 323 - 323

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Laboratory testing has played a pivotal role throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, exemplifying importance of in vitro diagnostics addressing public health threats posed by outbreaks infectious diseases. This article aims to present key insights from our expertise, derived evidence gathered during COVID-19 inform strategies for managing future challenges. Current scientific underscores that patient sample not only allows diagnose an acute severe respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but also supports outbreak prediction, improved control measures, anticipation pressure on healthcare system, mitigation adverse clinical outcomes, and early detection emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, wastewater monitoring emerged as powerful tool forecasting burden, including both prevalence severity. Collectively, these findings underscore value diagnostic surveillance guiding planning optimizing resource allocation offering valid framework be applied threats, especially any potential “Disease X” may emerge future.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating Interlaboratory Variability in Wastewater-Based COVID-19 Surveillance

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(3), С. 526 - 526

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Wastewater-based environmental surveillance enables the monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics within populations, offering critical epidemiological insights. Numerous workflows for tracking have been developed globally, underscoring need interlaboratory comparisons to ensure data consistency and comparability. An inter-calibration test was conducted among laboratories network in wastewater samples across Lombardy region (Italy). The aimed evaluate reliability identify potential sources variability using robust statistical approaches. Three were analyzed parallel by four identical pre-analytical (PEG-8000-based centrifugation) analytical processes (qPCR targeting N1/N3 Orf-1ab). A two-way ANOVA framework Generalized Linear Models applied, multiple pairwise performed Bonferroni post hoc test. analysis revealed that primary source results associated with phase. This likely influenced differences standard curves used quantify concentrations, as well size treatment plants. findings this study highlight importance testing verifying determinations identifying key variation.

Язык: Английский

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