A tale of worldwide success: Behind the scenes of Carex (Cyperaceae) biogeography and diversification

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 57(6), С. 695 - 718

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2019

Abstract The megadiverse genus Carex (c. 2000 species, Cyperaceae) has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, displaying an inverted latitudinal richness gradient with higher species diversity in cold‐temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Despite great expansion our knowledge phylogenetic history and many molecular studies focusing on biogeography particular groups during last few decades, global analysis diversification is still lacking. For this purpose, we built hitherto most comprehensive Carex‐ dated phylogeny based three markers (ETS–ITS– matK ), using previous phylogenomic Hyb‐Seq framework, sampling two‐thirds its all recognized sections. Ancestral area reconstruction, biogeographic stochastic mapping, rate analyses were conducted to elucidate macroevolutionary patterns. Our results reveal that originated late Eocene E Asia, where it probably remained until synchronous main subgeneric lineages Oligocene. Asia supported as cradle diversification, well “museum” extant diversity. Subsequent “out‐of‐Asia” colonization patterns feature multiple asymmetric dispersals clustered toward present times among Hemisphere regions, major regions acting both source sink (especially North America), several independent events Southern We detected 13 notable shifts 10 My, including remarkable radiations America New Zealand, which occurred concurrently Neogene cooling, suggests involved new into novel niche space.

Язык: Английский

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Global analysis of Poales diversification – parallel evolution in space and time into open and closed habitats

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 242(2), С. 727 - 743

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Poales are one of the most species-rich, ecologically and economically important orders plants often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites traits. We test six hypotheses regarding evolution assembly in closed habitats throughout world, examine whether diversification patterns demonstrate parallel evolution. sampled 42% species obtained taxonomic biogeographic data from World Checklist Vascular Plants database, which was combined with open/closed habitat scored experts. A dated supertree constructed. integrated spatial phylogenetics regionalisation analyses, historical biogeography ancestral state estimations. Diversification result dynamic evolutionary processes that vary across lineages, time space, prominently tropical southern latitudes. Our results reveal recurrent trait transitions species-rich families Poaceae Cyperaceae. Smaller display divergent trajectories. The have achieved global dominance via notable, spatially phylogenetically restricted divergences into strictly habitats.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenomics of the rarest animals: a second species of Micrognathozoa identified by machine learning

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 292(2041)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

The latest animal phylum to be discovered, Micrognathozoa, constitutes a rare group of limnic meiofauna. These microscopic 'jaw animals' are among the smallest metazoans yet possess highly complex jaw structures. single species Limnognathia maerski Kristensen and Funch, 2000, was first described from Greenland, later reported remote Subantarctic island more recently discovered in Pyrenees on European continent. Successful collections these three known populations facilitated investigations intraphylum relationships limits within for time. Through detailed anatomical comparisons, we substantiate lack morphological differences between geographically disjunct populations. With transcriptomic data specimens, conducted phylogenetic analyses extensively tested hypotheses using standard approaches novel machine learning methods. Analyses clearly delimited population, here as desmeti sp. nov., second but did not definitively split Greenland separate species. Divergence dating analysis suggests distribution Micrognathozoa is human mediated result long-distance dispersal raising questions about their capabilities potential undiscovered

Язык: Английский

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American amphitropical disjuncts: Perspectives from vascular plant analyses and prospects for future research

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 104(11), С. 1600 - 1650

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Historical patterns and processes of plants with an American amphitropical disjunct (AAD) distribution have long interested botanists biogeographers. Here we update examples AAD vascular plants, their biogeographic history, aspects biology elucidated by recent studies to make inferences about common formulate future research questions. METHODS: All known were tabulated, along data on plant duration habit, chromosome number, dispersal direction, divergence time. The then compared regard taxonomic categories, bioregions, character evolution. KEY RESULTS: We clarify the definition summarize features plants. identify 237 events. Timing these events generally corresponds category. Plant habit are associated bioregions. Increases in number mostly occurred members recipient area. bipolar or temperate bioregions entirely largely dispersed from North South America, whereas almost half desert America. CONCLUSIONS: Tabulating group bioregion yields insight into evolution divergence. Phylogenetic provide information timing direction dispersal. However, more is needed draw regarding general processes, especially those at clade level. Our Working Group website provides current aid workers doing this field.

Язык: Английский

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Macroevolutionary insights into sedges (Carex: Cyperaceae): The effects of rapid chromosome number evolution on lineage diversification

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59(4), С. 776 - 790

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Abstract Changes in holocentric chromosome number due to fission and fusion have direct immediate effects on genome structure recombination rates. These, turn, may influence ecology evolutionary trajectories profoundly. Sedges of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) comprise ca. 2000 species with chromosomes. The exhibits a phenomenal range (2n = 10 − 132) almost not polyploidy. In this study, we integrated most comprehensive cytogenetic phylogenetic data for sedges associated climatic morphological investigate hypothesis that high rates are selected when innovation is required, using evolution as proxy rate. We evaluated Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models infer shifts equilibrium selective regime. also tested relationship between diversification Our analyses demonstrate significant correlations morphology niche . Nevertheless, amount chromosomal variation able explain very small. recognized large mean number, but significantly lower morphology. detected peak near intermediate combination, these point toward importance history work suggests effect rates, just reproductive isolation, be central sedges.

Язык: Английский

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The evolutionary history of sedges (Cyperaceae) in Madagascar

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 48(4), С. 917 - 932

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2021

Abstract Aim Madagascar is renowned for its unparalleled biodiversity and endemism. With many ecosystems under threat, research urgently needed on unique plant diversity. This applies both to Madagascar's forests treeless vegetation types. Sedges (Cyperaceae) are among the top 10 species‐richest angiosperm families in (310 native species, 38% endemic), of which two‐thirds occur open habitats. We aimed infer evolutionary history sedges Madagascar, by estimating number, age origins endemic lineages, how they diversified island. tested contrasting hypotheses (a) few colonizations but important situ radiations against (b) a high number anagenetic colonizations. Location surrounding Indian Ocean islands, integrated within global dataset. Taxon Sedge family Cyperaceae. Methods estimated time‐calibrated molecular phylogenies encompassing large proportion known sedge flora (incl. 55% species), integrating sequence data 1,382 accessions representing almost 25% c. 5,600 species worldwide, combined with ancestral area reconstruction, diversification analyses Bayesian stochastic mapping. Results Cyperaceae lineages arrived from 40 Mya arriving more recently. About 20 island, only six encompass than five species. All except one that use C 3 photosynthetic pathway. The main biogeographical links Southern Tropical Africa. Main conclusions chronicle relatively recent multiple out processes long‐distance dispersal constrained distance. Also, region not ‘sink’ immigrant taxa, other regions also occurred. Some most diverse show clear adaptation local environments.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological and geological processes impacting speciation modes drive the formation of wide‐range disjunctions within tribe Putorieae (Rubiaceae)

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59(5), С. 915 - 934

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2021

Abstract Wide‐range geographically discontinuous distributions have long intrigued scientists. We explore the role of ecology, geology, and dispersal in formation these large‐scale disjunctions, using angiosperm tribe Putorieae (Rubiaceae) as a case study. From DNA sequences nuclear ITS six plastid markers, we inferred phylogeny with 65% all known species. Divergence times, ancestral ranges, diversification rate shifts were then estimated Bayesian inference. further explored species climatic tolerances performed niche reconstruction to discriminate among alternative speciation modes, including geographical ecological vicariance, ecogeographical, ecological, dispersal‐mediated speciation. As result, identified seven major clades Putorieae, some which exhibit striking matching Rand Flora pattern, sister Canary Islands eastern southern Africa. Initial within occurred early Miocene, coincident period climate warming; however, most diverged last 10 Myr. Aridification high extinction rates, coupled explain oldest disjunctions. Adaptation new environmental conditions, after allopatry, is observed several clades. Dispersal, either long‐distance or via corridors made available by mountain uplift, behind recent Some events followed rapid diversification, becoming adapted xeric increasingly colder continental climates. show that an integrative approach may help modes invoked disjunctions at macroevolutionary time scales, even when has erased signature past events.

Язык: Английский

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Interspecific variation across angiosperms in globalDNAmethylation: phylogeny, ecology and plant features in tropical and Mediterranean communities

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 224(2), С. 949 - 960

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2019

Summary The interspecific range of epigenetic variation and the degree to which differences between angiosperm species are related geography, evolutionary history, ecological settings or species‐specific traits, remain essentially unexplored. Genome‐wide global DNA cytosine methylation is a tractable ‘epiphenotypic’ feature suitable for exploring these relationships. Global was estimated in 279 from two distant, ecologically disparate geographical regions: Mediterranean Spain tropical México. At each region, four distinct plant communities were analyzed. spanned 10‐fold among (4.8–42.2%). Interspecific trajectories, as denoted by strong phylogenetic signal. Genomes on average less methylated than those ones. Woody plants have genomes with lower perennial herbs, widespread restricted distribution. eight studied exhibited broad overlapping variances only them differed methylation. Altogether, our taxonomic survey supported trait largely associated genome size, size woodiness. Additional studies required better understanding environmental components underlying local variation.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Long‐Distance‐Dispersal Explains the Range Disjunction of the Old‐Word Cockleburs (Xanthium strumarium)

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim In the present study, we focused in addressing questions concerning biogeographic history of Xanthium strumarium , an Old World native species whose close relatives are generally all to American continent. Location The distribution covers Eurasian continent and some African regions islands. Methods We employed herbarium material target enrichment (herbariomics) sequence data over 700 single copy loci estimate divergence times species. Ancestral range reconstruction was test different hypotheses on events that determined arrival, differentiation dispersal ancestor X. World. Results crown age estimated be ~156.58 ka. phylogenomic analysis, individuals from geographic areas grouped mostly congruently based their collection origin, earliest diverging clade comprising samples India, then progressively clades including Asia, Europe Africa. same pattern observed with a movement ancestral ranges going east west. inferred Indian subcontinent. Main Conclusions Both use specimens as old 240 years modern sequencing techniques clarified phylogenetic relationships, time biogeography . Most probably, reached by way trans‐Pacific long‐distance Americas Southeastern followed westward colonisation

Язык: Английский

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East Asia–eastern North America disjunction revisited: Possible westward colonization route via the Western Palearctic in Carex sect. Paniceae (Cyperaceae)

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

Abstract Carex sect. Paniceae sensu lato (s.l.) exhibits two major disjunct centers of diversity: eastern North America and East Asia. This pattern, commonly observed in other plant groups, has been associated with trans‐Pacific dispersal from Asia to subsequent local extinctions western America. study reconstructed a phylogenetic tree using nuclear (external transcribed spacer internal spacer) three plastid ( matK , trnL‐F rpl32 ‐ trnL UAG ) regions, along 474 loci high‐throughput sequencing (Hyb‐Seq). Dating analysis ancestral area reconstruction were used investigate the evolutionary biogeographic history s.l. A broader circumscription s.l., incorporating sects. Bicolores Laxiflorae is established. Two primary clades identified: one clade predominantly diversified Biogeographic analyses suggested likely origin Palearctic during Late Miocene. The most probable scenario involved via Western Palearctic, followed by into America, parts continent, back Old World. Within Asia, group was inferred have Pliocene Pleistocene, basalmost nodes mainland China. Multiple events this region Russian Far East, Korea, Japan inferred. highlights underexplored role biogeography grass‐like plants existence alternative migration routes explaining Asia–eastern pattern disjunction.

Язык: Английский

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