American amphitropical disjuncts: Perspectives from vascular plant analyses and prospects for future research

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 104(11), С. 1600 - 1650

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Historical patterns and processes of plants with an American amphitropical disjunct (AAD) distribution have long interested botanists biogeographers. Here we update examples AAD vascular plants, their biogeographic history, aspects biology elucidated by recent studies to make inferences about common formulate future research questions. METHODS: All known were tabulated, along data on plant duration habit, chromosome number, dispersal direction, divergence time. The then compared regard taxonomic categories, bioregions, character evolution. KEY RESULTS: We clarify the definition summarize features plants. identify 237 events. Timing these events generally corresponds category. Plant habit are associated bioregions. Increases in number mostly occurred members recipient area. bipolar or temperate bioregions entirely largely dispersed from North South America, whereas almost half desert America. CONCLUSIONS: Tabulating group bioregion yields insight into evolution divergence. Phylogenetic provide information timing direction dispersal. However, more is needed draw regarding general processes, especially those at clade level. Our Working Group website provides current aid workers doing this field.

Язык: Английский

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A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in North and Central America and the Caribbean

PhytoKeys, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 123, С. 1 - 144

Опубликована: Май 30, 2019

The Morelloid Clade, also known as the black nightshades or “Maurella” (Morella), is one of 10 major clades within mega-diverse genus Solanum L. clade most species rich in central to southern Andes, but occur around tropics and subtropics, some extending well into temperate zone. Plants group are herbaceous short-lived perennials, with small white purplish flowers, juicy berries. Due complex morphological variation weedy nature these plants, coupled large number published synonyms (especially for European taxa), our understanding limits diversity Clade has lagged behind that other groups . Here we provide second a three-part series revisions morelloid solanums treating occurring North Central America Caribbean (for Old World see “PhytoKeys 106”, third part will treat South America). Synonymy, descriptions, distribution maps, common names uses provided all 18 this region. We native, eight putatively naturalised, introduced and/or invasive complete descriptions nomenclatural details, including lecto- neotypifications, species. Keys whole region each area it (i.e., America, Mexico, islands Caribbean), illustrations aid identification both herbaria field, maps provided. Preliminary conservation assessments Details specimens examined three Supplementary materials sections.

Язык: Английский

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Plant migration under long‐lasting hyperaridity – phylogenomics unravels recent biogeographic history in one of the oldest deserts on Earth

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(5), С. 1863 - 1875

Опубликована: Март 11, 2022

The post-Miocene climatic histories of arid environments have been identified as key drivers dispersal and diversification. Here, we investigate how history correlates with the historical biogeography Atacama Desert genus Cristaria (Malvaceae). We analyze phylogenetic relationships by using next-generation sequencing (NGS), molecular clock dating, Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis Bayesian sampling approaches. employ a novel way to identify biogeographically meaningful regions well rarely utilized program permitting use dozens ancestral areas. Partial incongruence between established taxonomy our data argue for complex repeated introgression incomplete lineage sorting. originated in central southern part Desert, from there colonized other areas late Miocene onwards. more recently diverged lineages appear different habitats during pluvial phases Pliocene early Pleistocene. show that NGS combined near-comprehensive can provide an unprecedented degree resolution help correlate plant communities cycles phases.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenomic dating and Bayesian biogeography illuminate an antitropical pattern for eucerine bees

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 49(6), С. 1034 - 1047

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2022

Abstract Aim An antitropical pattern is characterized by the occurrence of closely related taxa south and north tropics but absent or uncommonly represented closer to equator, in contrast most taxa, which tend have their highest diversity tropical regions. We investigate distribution eucerine bees with aim contributing characterization understanding this pattern. Location All continents except Antarctica Australia. Taxon Eucerine (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerinae). Methods carried out phylogenomic dating under two different clock models used multiple strategies vary matrix composition, evaluating overlapping divergence times estimated across using Bhattacharyya coefficients. Lastly, we reconstructed biogeographic history a Bayesian implementation DEC model. Results Eucerinae started diversifying during Palaeocene, all its tribes originating Palaeocene/Eocene transition southern South America. At least range expansions happened into North America before full closure Isthmus Panama. show that between groups disjunct distributions would periods when climate favoured expansion open habitats became isolated forests were re‐established. Main conclusions describe early diversification bees, revealing an intimate association Events evolution likely affected global cooling aridification, palaeoclimatic vegetational conditions probably been more relevant formation than consolidation Panama connecting Americas. also demonstrate uncertainty time estimation not due amount molecular data being used, other factors like fossil calibrations violations models.

Язык: Английский

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There and back again: historical biogeography of neotropical magnolias based on high-throughput sequencing

BMC Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Abstract Background The Neotropics are considered one of the most biodiverse areas in world, housing at least third all vascular plant species. One genera that has diversified is Magnolia , with about 174 species three sections ( Macrophylla and Talauma ) endemic to Americas. In this work, we study biogeographic history Neotropical using high-throughput sequencing data. Sequences from 39 (38 sister genus Liriodendron were assembled. dataset contained sequences 239 nuclear targets complete chloroplast genomes. Phylogenomic hypotheses ancestral distribution range reconstructed. Results results calibrated phylogenetic construction suggest earliest arrival ancestors section million years ago), which colonized Pacific region. This early presence South America suggests long-distance, overwater dispersal North America, presumed origin . analysis extant indicate a south north recolonization. other two sections, migrated around 19 mya Asia radiating southward afterwards, 11 mya. Conclusions Our magnolias originated American ancestor. current arrived region independently influenced by climatic processes such as temperature drops or Miocene Climatic Optimum. Additionally, geological processes, movement land masses emergence Panama isthmus, facilitated migration between continents.

Язык: Английский

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Chromosome‐scale reference genome of Pectocarya recurvata, the species with the smallest reported genome size in Boraginaceae

Applications in Plant Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 21, 2025

Abstract Premise Pectocarya recurvata (Boraginaceae, subfamily Cynoglossoideae), a species native to the Sonoran Desert (North America), has served as model system for suite of ecological and evolutionary studies. However, no reference genomes are currently available in Cynoglossoideae. A high‐quality genome P. would be valuable addressing questions this across broader taxonomic scales. Methods Using PacBio HiFi sequencing, we assembled annotated coding regions with full‐length transcripts from an Iso‐Seq library. We assessed completeness BUSCO k ‐mer analysis, estimated size six individuals using flow cytometry. Results The chromosome‐scale assembly was 216.0 Mbp long (N50 = 12.1 Mbp). Previous observations indicated is 2 n 24. Our included 12 primary contigs (158.3 Mbp) containing 30,655 genes telomeres at 23 out 24 ends. Flow cytometry measurements same population two plants 1C 196.9 Mbp, smallest measured Boraginaceae, four 385.8 which consistent tetraploidy population. Discussion annotation provide genomic resource sparsely represented area angiosperm phylogeny. This new will facilitate answering open ecophysiology, biogeography, systematics.

Язык: Английский

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Long distance dispersal in the assembly of floras: A review of progress and prospects in North America

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 56(5), С. 430 - 448

Опубликована: Май 5, 2018

Abstract Here, we review progress and prospects to explicitly test for long distance dispersal biogeographic events. Long represents a “jump” across some kind of barrier, such as topographic feature or zone unsuitable climate may include repeated jumps, stepping‐stone dispersals. dispersals were considered integral explaining the organization biodiversity at large small scales by early biogeographers, Darwin Wallace. Darwin, Wallace, others envisioned that predictable events because vectors dispersal, animals, winds, currents, behaved in non‐random ways. However, these biogeographers found was hard observe, and, later, with advent theory Continental Drift, vicariance became regarded better scientific explanation arrangement biodiversity, it represented falsifiable hypothesis. Thus, reduced nuisance parameter biogeography; random possibility could never fully be ruled out scenario which evidence supported vicariance. Today, there is strong interest more integrate into understanding assembly on earth. In this review, discuss testing hypotheses including through uses molecular, morphological, paleontological, informatics methods. We focus hypothesis involved flora North America, robust preliminary study system account its extant extinct being well‐catalogued.

Язык: Английский

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Worldwide long‐distance dispersal favored by epizoochorous traits in the biogeographic history of Omphalodeae (Boraginaceae)

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 57(6), С. 579 - 593

Опубликована: Май 1, 2019

Abstract Biogeographic dispersal is supported by numerous phylogenetic results. In particular, transoceanic dispersal, rather than vicariance, suggested for some plant lineages despite current long distances between America and Europe. However, few studies on the biogeographic history of plants have also studied role diaspore syndromes in long‐distance (LDD). Species tribe Omphalodeae (Boraginaceae) offer a suitable study system because species wide variety traits related to LDD different conform patched worldwide distributions three distant continents (Europe, New Zealand). Our aim reconstruct biogeographical investigate favoring geographic distributions. To this end, time‐calibrated phylogeny with 29 32 described was reconstructed using analyses (BioGeoBEARS, Lagrange) models (DEC DIVA) under scenarios land connectivity. Character‐state reconstruction (SIMMAP) diversification rate estimations main were performed. The result that epizoochorous been ancestral state most clades. An early age inferred Western Mediterranean during late Oligocene. Colonization World Omphalodeae, followed fast lineage differentiation, took place sometime Oligocene‐Miocene boundary, as already other angiosperm genera. contrast, colonization remote islands (New Zealand, Juan Fernández) occurred considerably later Miocene‐Pliocene boundary.

Язык: Английский

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A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)

PhytoKeys, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 231, С. 1 - 342

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Morella), is one of 10 major clades within mega-diverse genus Solanum L. clade most diverse in central to southern Andes, but species occur around tropics and subtropics, some extending well into temperate zone. Plants group vary from herbs short-lived perennials perennial shrubs that are distinctly woody at base, they have small mostly white purplish flowers juicy berries. Due complex morphological variation weedy nature these plants, coupled with large number published synonyms (especially for European taxa), our understanding limits diversity has lagged behind other Solanum. Here we provide last a three-part series monographic treatments morelloid solanums (see PhytoKeys Vols. 106, 125), treating 62 occurring South America. This region by far both terms diversity. We complete synonymy, nomenclatural details, including lecto- neotypifications where needed, common names uses, descriptions, illustrations aid identification herbaria field, distribution maps all native, non-cultivated species. include key species, synoptic character list treated here links online keys clade. Preliminary conservation assessments following IUCN guidelines provided native

Язык: Английский

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Parsing a plethora of pollen: the role of pollen size and shape in the evolution of Boraginaceae

Cladistics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 38(2), С. 204 - 226

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2021

Abstract Pollen, the microgametophyte of seed plants, has an important role in plant reproduction and, therefore, evolution. Pollen is variable in, for example, size, shape, aperture number; these features are particularly diverse some taxa and can be diagnostic. In one family, Boraginaceae, range pollen diversity suggests potential utility this family as a model integrative studies development, evolution molecular biology. present study, comprehensive survey from 538 species belonging to 72 genera was made using data literature additional scanning electron microscopy examination. Shifts diversification rates various quantitative characters were detected, results revealed remarkable differences shape number apertures. The subfamily, Boraginoideae, larger than that Cynoglossoideae. shapes numbers tribe, Lithospermeae, greater other tribes. Ancestral resolved small, prolate grains bear three apertures iso‐aperturate. Of all tribes, greatest changes size observed Lithospermeae Boragineae, found stable throughout tribes addition, study showed Boraginaceae cannot assigned single factor, such increased rate species‐rich groups (e.g. Cynoglossum ) not correlated with or palynological patterns character presented provide better resolution roles geographical ecological factors suggestions future research across family.

Язык: Английский

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