Advancements in Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: From CAR-T Cells to Exosome-Based Therapies
Journal of drug targeting,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 23
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
continues
to
be
a
major
worldwide
health
issue,
with
elevated
death
rates
linked
late
stages
of
the
illness.
Immunotherapy
has
made
significant
progress
in
developing
effective
techniques
improve
immune
system's
capacity
identify
and
eradicate
cancerous
cells.
This
study
examines
most
recent
advancements
CAR-T
cell
treatment
exosome-based
immunotherapy
for
CRC.
therapy,
although
treating
blood
cancers,
encounters
obstacles
when
used
against
solid
tumors
such
as
These
include
presence
an
immunosuppressive
tumor
microenvironment
scarcity
tumor-specific
antigens.
Nevertheless,
novel
strategies
like
dual-receptor
cells
combination
therapy
involving
cytokines
have
demonstrated
promise
surmounting
these
obstacles.
Exosome-based
is
promising
approach
targeted
delivery
therapeutic
drugs
cells,
high
specificity
minimal
off-target
effects.
However,
there
are
still
overcome
field,
resistance
treatment,
adverse
effects
associated
system,
necessity
more
individualized
methods.
The
current
research
focused
on
enhancing
therapies,
results
patients,
ultimately
incorporating
innovative
immunotherapeutic
approaches
into
standard
protocols
Язык: Английский
Checkpoint kinase 1 in colorectal cancer: Upregulation of expression and promotion of cell proliferation
World Journal of Clinical Oncology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(3)
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025
BACKGROUND
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
a
prevalent
malignant
tumor
characterized
by
high
mortality
rate,
with
significant
challenges
persisting
in
the
identification
and
management
of
its
metastatic
stage.
The
role
checkpoint
kinase
1
(CHEK1),
cell
cycle
kinase,
CRC
has
not
been
fully
clarified.
We
hypothesize
that
upregulation
CHEK1
may
enhance
proliferation
cells,
indicating
potential
as
novel
therapeutic
target
for
therapy.
AIM
To
investigate
expression
function
CRC,
this
study
utilizes
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
tissue
microarray
data.
METHODS
Single-cell
technology
was
employed
to
analyze
cells
from
GSE144735
dataset,
immunohistochemistry
conducted
confirm
adjacent
tissues.
also
integrated
mRNA
data
multiple
public
databases
assess
global
CRC.
Molecular
docking
experiments
were
performed
explore
interaction
between
drug
nitidine
chloride
(NC),
well
influence
on
proliferation.
RESULTS
found
comparatively
elevated
epithelial
marked
levels
Immunohistochemical
analysis
further
confirmed
tissues,
receiver
operating
characteristic
curve
demonstrated
accuracy
(area
under
=
0.964)
biomarker.
Analysis
datasets
indicated
statistically
overexpression
(standard
mean
difference
1.81,
P
<
0.01),
summary
yielding
sensitivity
specificity
values
0.83
0.88,
respectively.
studies
NC
specifically
targeted
CHEK1,
while
clustered
regularly
interspaced
short
palindromic
repeats
knockout
promoted
CONCLUSION
Upregulation
promotes
However,
dataset's
diversity
limited,
requiring
investigation
into
specific
mechanisms.
Язык: Английский
Targeting CD84 protein on Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells as a Novel Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
261, С. 108607 - 108607
Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025
Язык: Английский
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression: Perspectives on Theranostic Approaches
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(5), С. 752 - 752
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025
Altered
levels
of
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
are
recognized
as
one
the
key
factors
in
mediating
tumor
cell
survival
tissue
microenvironment,
where
they
play
a
role
initiation,
progression
and
recurrence/relapse
colorectal
cancer
(CRC).
Tumor
cells
can
adapt
to
oxidative
stress
(OS)
using
genetic
or
metabolic
reprogramming
long
short
term.
In
addition,
defend
themselves
through
positive
regulation
antioxidant
molecules,
enhancing
ROS-driven
proliferation.
Balanced
eustress
influence
chemotherapy
resistance,
allowing
survive
treatment.
Secondary
effects
include
increased
ROS
production
redox
stress,
which
kill
eliminate
drug
resistance.
Anticancer
treatments
based
on
manipulating
could
represent
gold
standard
CRC
therapy.
Therefore,
exploring
modulation
response
OS
deregulated
signaling
pathways
may
lead
development
new
personalized
overcome
therapy
this
review,
we
explore
initiation
their
diagnostic
implications
biomarkers
disease.
Furthermore,
focused
involvement
different
therapeutic
options,
such
surgery,
radiotherapy,
theranostic
imaging,
immunotherapy
other
precision
medicine
approaches.
Язык: Английский
Exploring Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in Colorectal Cancer: Interaction of MDSCs with TGF-<i>β</i>1
Advances in Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(02), С. 1864 - 1878
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Harnessing myeloid cells in cancer
Molecular Cancer,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
24(1)
Опубликована: Март 6, 2025
Cancer-associated
myeloid
cells
due
to
their
plasticity
play
dual
roles
in
both
promoting
and
inhibiting
tumor
progression.
Myeloid
with
immunosuppressive
properties
a
critical
role
anti-cancer
immune
regulation.
Cells
of
different
origin,
such
as
associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
neutrophils
(TANs),
derived
suppressor
(also
called
MDSCs)
eosinophils
are
often
expanded
cancer
patients
significantly
influence
survival,
but
also
the
outcome
therapies.
For
this
reason,
variety
preclinical
clinical
studies
modulate
activity
these
have
been
conducted,
however
without
successful
date.
In
review,
pro-tumor
cells,
cell-specific
therapeutic
targets,
vivo
on
cell
re-polarization
impact
immunotherapies/genetic
engineering
addressed.
This
paper
summarizes
ongoing
trials
concept
chimeric
antigen
receptor
macrophage
(CAR-M)
therapies,
suggests
future
research
perspectives,
offering
new
opportunities
development
novel
treatment
strategies.
Язык: Английский
PKN2 enhances the immunosuppressive activity of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in esophageal carcinoma by mediating fatty acid oxidation
Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
31(1)
Опубликована: Март 11, 2025
Abstract
Background
Myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(MDSCs)
in
tumor
microenvironment
reduce
the
efficacy
of
immunotherapy.
PKN2
plays
a
role
colon
cancer,
but
its
function
esophageal
cancer
(EC)
remains
unclear.
This
study
investigated
expression
MDSCs
derived
from
EC
tissues
and
determined
whether
regulates
immunosuppressive
activity
by
mediating
fatty
acid
oxidation
(FAO).
Materials
methods
was
GEO
database,
patients,
4-NQO-induced
mice,
as
well
different
types
immune
cells.
The
effect
on
polymorphonuclear
myeloid-derived
(PMN-MDSCs)
co-culture
PMN-MDSCs
CD4
+
/CD8
T
patient-derived
organoids
autologous
performed
to
observe
PMN-MDSCs.
Results
is
highly
expressed
compared
normal
tissues,
especially
tumor-infiltrated
Overexpressing
contributes
vitro.
PKN2-overexpressing
inhibited
killing
ability
cytotoxic
lymphocytes
promoted
organoid
growth.
promotes
FAO
via
CPT1B
(a
key
enzyme
FAO).
Mechanistically,
transcription
upregulating
STAT3
phosphorylation.
Conclusions
increased
human
mouse
tissues.
enhancing
facilitating
phosphorylation
transcription,
which
turn
leads
CPT1B-mediated
Targeted
inhibition
expected
improve
immunotherapeutic
patients.
Язык: Английский
The Immune Environment in Colorectal Adenoma: A Systematic Review
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(3), С. 699 - 699
Опубликована: Март 12, 2025
Background/Objectives:
Research
on
colorectal
adenoma
is
significantly
less
comprehensive
compared
to
studies
carcinoma.
Although
a
precursor
of
the
majority
sporadic
cancers,
not
all
adenomas
develop
into
carcinomas.
The
complex
interaction
immune
responses
in
premalignant
tumor
microenvironment
might
be
factor
for
that.
Methods:
In
this
systematic
review,
we
aim
provide
thorough
analysis
current
research
examining
infiltration
patterns
tissues
context
cell-based,
cytokine-based,
and
other
immunological
factor-related
changes
along
conventional
adenoma–carcinoma
sequence.
articles
included
review
extend
up
December
2024
PubMed
Web
Science
databases.
Results:
Most
have
shown
significant
differences
cell
counts,
densities,
cytokine
expression
levels
associated
with
lesions
(and/or
cancer).
No
consensus
immune-related
tendencies
concerning
CD4+T
cells
CD8+T
was
reached.
Decreasing
mDCs
plasma
naïve
B
were
detected
ACS.
increased
density
tissue
eosinophils
dramatically
diminishes
after
transition
As
progresses,
increasing
IL-1α,
IL-4,
IL-6,
IL-8,
IL-10,
IL-17A,
IL-21,
IL-23,
IL-33,
TGF-β
decreasing
IL-12A,
IL-18,
IFN—γ,
TNFα
cytokines
invasive
carcinoma
stage
being
detected.
over-expression
COX-2,
PD-1/PD-L1,
CTLA-4,
ICOS/ICOSLG
adenomatous
cancerous
also
observed.
Conclusions:
Further
are
needed
better
understanding
whole
picture
adenoma-associated
immunity
its
impact
precancerous
lesion’s
potential
progress.
Язык: Английский
Neutrophil and Colorectal Cancer
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
26(1), С. 6 - 6
Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2024
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
often
associated
with
metastasis
and
recurrence
the
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
mortality.
In
progression
CRC,
recent
studies
have
highlighted
critical
role
neutrophils,
particularly
tumor-associated
neutrophils
(TANs).
TANs
both
tumor-promoting
tumor-suppressing
activities,
contributing
to
metastasis,
immunosuppression,
angiogenesis,
epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition.
Tumor-promoting
promote
tumor
growth
by
releasing
proteases,
reactive
oxygen
species,
cytokines,
whereas
enhance
immune
responses
activating
T
cells
natural
killer
cells.
Understanding
mechanisms
underlying
TAN
mobilization,
plasticity,
their
in
microenvironment
has
revealed
potential
therapeutic
targets.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
overview
biology
CRC
discusses
functions
neutrophils.
Novel
approaches
targeting
TANs,
such
as
chemokine
receptor
antagonists,
aim
modulate
neutrophil
reprogramming
offer
promising
avenues
for
improving
treatment
outcomes
CRC.
Язык: Английский
Can interventions targeting MDSCs improve the outcome of vaccination in vulnerable populations?
International Reviews of Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 17
Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2024
Preventive
vaccination
is
a
crucial
strategy
for
controlling
and
preventing
infectious
diseases,
offering
both
effectiveness
cost-efficiency.
However,
despite
the
widespread
success
of
programs,
there
are
still
certain
population
groups
who
struggle
to
mount
adequate
responses
immunization.
These
at-risk
include
but
not
restricted
elderly,
overweight
individuals,
individuals
with
chronic
infections
cancer
patients.
All
these
characterized
by
persistent
inflammation.
Recent
studies
have
demonstrated
that
one
key
players
in
immune
regulation
promotion
inflammation
myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(MDSCs).
possess
wide
range
immunosuppressive
mechanisms
able
dampen
antigen-specific
antigen-nonspecific
manner,
thus
contributing
establishment
maintenance
an
inflammatory
environment.
Given
their
pivotal
role
modulation,
growing
interest
understanding
how
MDSCs
may
influence
efficacy
vaccines,
particularly
vulnerable
populations.
In
this
narrative
review,
we
discuss
whether
regulate
vaccine-induced
immunity
suppression
can
potentially
enhance
vaccine
Язык: Английский