Plant biogeography of rock outcrops in South American tropical lowlands

Frontiers of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Studies of rock outcrops in tropical South America have increased recent years, but they often been restricted to individual countries, single biomes or disciplines (e.g. through a floristic, functional genetic lens), limiting their generality. We review the current state knowledge on geological and floristic diversity identify gaps generate testable hypotheses for future research into biogeography evolution plant communities. find that lowland outcrop vegetation is disparately documented we know less about evolutionary biogeographic history these island-like systems. Based edaphic factors, classify American four main groups: granite/gneiss, quartzite/metamorphosed sandstone, limestone ironstone. hypothesise lithologies influence lineage composition floras. However, elevation also plays role creating microclimatic conditions by influencing degree insularity from surrounding vegetation. Our literature suggests support different floras, confirming this requires further surveys across full outcrops. suggest framework to: (i) improve floras how relate biomes; (ii) investigate relative roles niche conservatism using phylogenetic approaches; (iii) assess species cope with living naturally fragmented habitats analysis recruitment gene flow population genetics. Understanding can help provide information conservation planning decisions. Rock are urgent need study because possess distinctive highly specialised flora threatened climate land-use changes. There increase number studies some Latin countries Bolivia, Paraguay, Guyana, French Guiana Suriname) limestone). major determinant lithology outline be tested community-level data. Inferring relationships endemic establishing environments where closest relatives occur will powerful approach address questions historical assembly Population approaches focusing both elucidate connectivity and, therefore, insular vulnerable are.

Язык: Английский

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Plants in the clouds: vascular epiphytes of Pedra Azul, a mountain top in Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

Rodriguésia, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 73

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Abstract Cloud forests usually occur at high-altitude sites of the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil, albeit scattered and fragmented along mountain tops. In this habitat, vegetation occurs low-temperature conditions is provided by additional water sources that arise due to horizontal precipitation frequent fogs. Together with more considerable air movement higher luminosity, these factors are conditioning for singular floras high elevations, mainly vascular epiphytes, which macro microclimate dependent. mountains range center Espírito Santo state, Southeastern some tops such as Pedra Azul (PA) hold environmental features. Here, we aimed present first checklist epiphytes State Park surroundings based on fieldwork herbarium specimens. The comprises 152 species, 65 genera, 17 families, main families being Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Polypodiaceae, genera represented Vriesea, Acianthera, Peperomia. holoepiphytes were category among although an unusually number facultative recorded. Asplenium theciferum Octomeria cucullata recorded time, confirmed occurrence Rhipsalis cereuscula state. Overall, richness PA amongst highest cloud forests. Six species threatened national level 32 state level. These results support importance protected area conserving flora; however, several - including only surroundings, demonstrating buffer zone must be included management plans.

Язык: Английский

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On the rocks: Biogeography and floristic identity of rocky ecosystems in eastern South America

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 62(2), С. 305 - 320

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Abstract The geodiversity of rocky ecosystems includes diverse plant communities with specific names, but their continental‐scale floristic identity and the knowledge on role macroclimate remain patchy. Here, we assessed in eastern Brazil across multiple types landscapes evaluated relative importance climatic variables constraining differentiation. We provided lists diagnostic species an assessment conservation status identified groups. compiled a data set 151 sites (4498 species) from ecosystems, including campos rupestres, de altitude , granitic‐gneiss lowland inselbergs, limestone outcrops. used unsupervised clustering analysis followed by ANOSIM to assess groups among sites. performed random forest variable selection test whether occupy distinct spaces. Six (lithobiomes) segregated floristically according lithology climate. Alongside outcrops, inselbergs were divided biome which they occur (Atlantic Forest or Caatinga), rupestres largely lithological matrix (ironstone quartzitic). Plant Caatinga more similar while Atlantic resembled . composition outcrops seems be constrained lithology, factors are also meaningful for lithology. current network protected areas does not cover these unique heterogeneity, being least protected.

Язык: Английский

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Microplastics in fishes in amazon riverine beaches: Influence of feeding mode and distance to urban settlements

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 863, С. 160934 - 160934

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The ecological and evolutionary dynamics of inselbergs

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Islands are fundamental model systems in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. However, terrestrial islands, unlike their aquatic counterparts, have received comparatively less attention. Among these land inselbergs (i.e. isolated rock outcrops with diverse lithologies a modest topographical prominence) stand out as iconic examples distributed worldwide across global biomes. Due to durable lithology, change slowly, persisting for tens of millions years. In this review, we propose biological definition that captures three characteristics from the perspective biota. These old age, isolation presence unique microhabitats rare or absent surrounding matrix, fostering distinct communities often endemic We synthesise state art formulate set testable hypotheses deepen our understanding origins maintenance diversity on inselbergs, which increasingly exposed anthropogenic threats. By offering different habitats compared habitat matrix (e.g. moist dryland landscapes xeric environments humid tropical landscapes), may allow specific lineages thrive beyond typical geographical limits. Particularly drylands degraded landscapes, not just provide but also act ecological refuges refugia by providing wider range potential than enhancing resilience promoting regional biodiversity. The central role ensures dynamics differ those true islands such oceanic islands. Given inselberg biota coexist within interactions between populations impact each other significantly. Over timescales, species contract refugia, preserving while cycles reconnection drive speciation via pump. Although biodiversity has been studied predominantly an island biogeography perspective, argue depending spatial scale, specificity mobility organisms considered, theories paradigms can help explain local distribution patterns taxonomic functional groups species.

Язык: Английский

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Woody vegetation on tropical inselbergs: floristic-structural characterization and aboveground carbon storage

Journal of Mountain Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Morphological and Genetic Evidence for the Stigmatodon goniorachis Complex (Tillandsioideae, Bromeliaceae) Reveals a New Species on Inselbergs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Systematic Botany, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 49(4), С. 673 - 694

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Abstract— This study evaluated the morphological variation and genetic structure of seven natural populations Stigmatodon goniorachis complex (Bromeliaceae) endemic to vertical faces inselbergs in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A cluster analysis principal component (PCA) corroborated existence four clearly separated species, S. brassicoides, costae, francae , unveiled two distinct groups populations. The main components revealed by PCA were: inflorescence peduncle diameter, floral bract length, hypanthium length. Bayesian population based on nuclear microsatellites performed 145 individuals from six initially identified as clusters (k = 4), which consisted specimens goniorachis. result was supported other analyses including AMOVA, pairwise distances, UPGMA analysis. Both indicated among led recognition a new species described here, carioca . is morphologically distinct, particularly distribution leaf trichomes position blade, occurs revolute form. Besides description we present comparative that allows differentiation five species.

Язык: Английский

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Are these islands isolated? Floristic diversity in inselberg habitats of the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and Key Organisms in the Biocrust of a Tropical Granite-Gneiss Rocky Outcrop

Life, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 759 - 759

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

Rocky outcrops are harsh habitats that support specialized organisms and communities, including biocrusts, which play roles in soil stabilization, water retention, nutrient cycling. Despite their importance, tropical particularly granite-gneiss formations, remain underexplored. This study examines biocrust composition a outcrop rural landscape Southeastern Brazil, identifying microhabitats analyzing co-occurrence patterns community structure. We recorded eleven bryophyte species one diatom species, while six cyanobacteria, three charophytes, two chlorophytes were identified at the genus level. They found shallow depressions, though termite mounds also served as an important microhabitat. The cyanobacterium Scytonema was most prevalent taxon. liverwort Riccia weinionis had highest number of positive co-occurrences, associating with cyanobacteria algae. Network analysis based on revealed mosses Anomobryum conicum Bryum argenteum connected taxa, crucial for ecological network stability. moss atenense acted key intermediary, betweenness centrality—a measure its role linking taxa. These findings provide insights into rocky shedding light interactions. Furthermore, taxa connectivity uncovered ecosystem stability can guide restoration strategies.

Язык: Английский

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An overview on desiccation-tolerant mat-forming monocotyledons on tropical inselbergs

Flora, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 285, С. 151953 - 151953

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2021

Язык: Английский

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