The Edge of Sentience

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024

Abstract Can octopuses feel pain and pleasure? What about crabs, shrimps, insects, or spiders? How do we tell whether a person unresponsive after severe brain injury might be suffering? When does fetus in the womb start to have conscious experiences? Could there even rudimentary feelings miniature models of human brain, grown from stem cells? And what AI? These are questions edge sentience, they subject enormous, disorienting uncertainty. The stakes immense, neglecting risks can terrible costs. We need err on side caution, yet it’s often far clear ‘erring caution’ should mean practice. going too far? not doing enough? Edge Sentience presents comprehensive precautionary framework designed help us reach ethically sound, evidence-based decisions despite our

Язык: Английский

---

Jurisprudence and animal protection

Animal Sentience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(32)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Jurisprudence is based on normative principles that go beyond instrumental reasoning and practical goals concerning what convenient. It concerns justice truth. The empirical evidence justifies the legal protection of various species grounds. Given risks we face regarding climate degradation, international agencies must expand framework human rights environmental law in order to effectively protect animals their environments.

Язык: Английский

---

Do robots belong in zoos?

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 309, С. 111293 - 111293

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2025

---

The Concept of Sentience

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 23 - 42

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

Abstract Sentience has broader and narrower senses. In a broad sense, it refers to any capacity for conscious experience. Conscious experience here ‘phenomenal consciousness’, the idea that there is ‘something it’s like’ be you. have valenced experiences: experiences feel bad or good subject, such as of pain pleasure. A definition sentience can common ground, despite continuing disagreement about nature valence. We hope current definitions consciousness’ will superseded by more informative successors, but this must await much theoretical consensus than currently exists. Valence, meanwhile, one two major dimensions, along with arousal, structure our affective experiences, matters most from an ethical point view.

Язык: Английский

---

Regulating Possibly Sentient Human Cerebral Organoids

AJOB Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(2), С. 197 - 199

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

Click to increase image sizeClick decrease sizeThis article refers to:Consciousness in a Rotor? Science and Ethics of Potentially Conscious Human Cerebral Organoids Additional informationFundingThis is part project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under Union’s Horizon 2020 research innovation program [grant agreement number 101018533].

Язык: Английский

---

Associative learning: Unmet criterion for plant sentience

Animal Sentience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(33)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

In a thought-provoking target article, Segundo-Ortin & Calvo (S&C) discuss the possibility that plants are sentient, focusing on series of capacities normally attributed only to human and nonhuman animals. S&C propose learning as marker for sentience. We review studies reporting associative in find they either lack essential controls or fail produce replicable results. The capacity learn has not yet been demonstrated plants, so it cannot be used support hypothesis sentient. Further needed. But agnosticism about sentience should deter us from investigating unexpected new plants.

Язык: Английский

---

Fetuses and Embryos

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 192 - 215

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

Abstract In the 1980s, growing public awareness that anaesthesia was not routinely being used on newborn babies during surgery led to a successful campaign change clinical practice, vindicated by subsequent evidence. The case shows value of precautionary thinking and subjecting norms scrutiny. When we turn fetuses, there is sometimes concern recognizing fetal sentience may be incompatible with also right abortion, but no incompatibility. We should recognize human fetuses as candidates from start second trimester. Future evidence could move threshold for candidature, it always align earliest scientifically credible, evidence-based estimate. Clinical in this area need formulated appropriately inclusive processes, these processes give appropriate weight voices women. Research embryos raises different set issues. ‘14-day rule’ has represented compromise between deeply conflicting values, conflict never been satisfactorily resolved.

Язык: Английский

---

Debating Proportionality

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 154 - 170

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

Abstract How could a citizens’ panel reach an informed judgement about proportionality? This chapter describes possible procedure (intended as realistic, feasible ideal) based on pragmatic analysis of proportionality. The is presented with shortlist options which stakeholders have been openly consulted. To each policy option, the applies four tests in sequence: permissibility-in-principle, adequacy, reasonable necessity, and consistency. Proposals that fail test are set aside. pass all ‘PARC tests’ judged proportionate. PARC induce division labour between its expert advisers. At stage, advisers provide on-demand input regarding likely consequences different options, but it falls to ordinary citizens debate central evaluative questions. These questions can be easily understood do not require arbitrating scientific disagreements. Although government ideal implementing agent for such process, other organizations conduct similar exercises.

Язык: Английский

---

Frontiers of Proportionality

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 285 - 296

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

Abstract Taking invertebrate welfare seriously involves proposing and debating steps that may be proportionate (permissible-in-principle, adequate, non-excessive, consistent) in relation to specific risks. The growing interest invertebrates as potentially sustainable protein sources underlines the need for these debates. It would plausibly set up a licensing scheme requires companies farming sentience candidates investigation priorities fund creation (by independent experts) of codes good practice, where none yet exists. There is one important exception, namely octopus farming. very unlikely could ever meet reasonable expectations regarding animal welfare, so it ban outright. Our current state knowledge makes difficult confident slaughter humane or stunning effective. easier about what inhumane. We should not use live boiling without prior decapods insects, since this method needlessly risks extending intensifying suffering associated with dying.

Язык: Английский

---

Stepping Back

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 332 - 334

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

Abstract This chapter offers brief concluding remarks, calling on society to prepare for the (perhaps imminent) arrival of artificial sentience candidates by engaging more closely with that already surround us in animal kingdom.

Язык: Английский

---