Global Methane Budget 2000–2020

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2024

Abstract. Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Emissions atmospheric concentrations of CH4 continue increase, maintaining as second most human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance compared CO2 temperature change related its shorter lifetime, stronger radiative effect, acceleration growth rate over past decade, causes which are still debated. Two major challenges reducing uncertainties factors explaining well-observed arise from diverse, geographically overlapping sources uncertain magnitude temporal destruction by short-lived highly variable hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established a consortium multi-disciplinary scientists under umbrella Global Carbon Project improve, synthesise update regularly stimulate new research on cycle. Following Saunois et al. (2016, 2020), present here third version living review paper dedicated decadal budget, integrating results top-down emission estimates (based in-situ observing satellite (GOSAT) observations an ensemble inverse-model results) bottom-up process-based models estimating land-surface emissions chemistry, inventories anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). We recent 2010–2019 calendar decade (the latest period full datasets available), previous 2000–2009 year 2020. revision this edition benefits progress inland freshwater with better accounting lakes ponds, reservoirs, streams rivers. This also reduces double across wetland and, first time, includes estimate potential that exists (average 23 Tg yr-1). Bottom-up approaches show combined average 248 [159–369] yr-1 decade. Natural fluxes perturbed human activities through climate, eutrophication, land use. In estimate, component contributing emissions. Newly available gridded products allowed us derive almost complete latitudinal regional based approaches. For estimated inversions (top-down) be 575 (range 553–586, corresponding minimum maximum model ensemble). Of amount, 369 or ~65 % attributed direct fossil, agriculture waste biomass burning 350–391 63–68 %). period, give slightly lower total than 2010–2019, 32 9–40). Since 2012, trends been tracking scenarios assume no minimal mitigation policies proposed Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (shared socio-economic SSP5 SSP3). methods suggest 16 (94 yr-1) larger (669 yr-1, range 512–849) inversion period. discrepancy between budgets has greatly reduced differences (167 156 respectively), time uncertainty overlap. distribution inversion-based indicates predominance tropical southern hemisphere (~65 <30° N) mid (30° N–60° N, ~30 emissions) high-northern latitudes (60° N–90° ~4 emissions). similar though contributions latitudes, smaller tropics inversions. Although bottom-up, source attributable natural especially those wetlands freshwaters. identify five priorities improving budget: i) producing global, high-resolution map water-saturated soils inundated areas emitting robust classification different types ecosystems; ii) further development inland-water emissions; iii) intensification at local (e.g., FLUXNET-CH4 measurements, urban-scale monitoring, imagery pointing capabilities) scales (surface networks remote sensing measurements satellites) constrain both inversions; iv) improvements transport representation photochemical sinks inversions, v) integration 3D variational systems using isotopic and/or co-emitted species such ethane well information super-emitters detected (mainly oil sector but coal, landfills) improve partitioning. data presented can downloaded https://doi.org/10.18160/GKQ9-2RHT (Martinez al., 2024).

Язык: Английский

---

Air Pollution Interactions with Weather and Climate Extremes: Current Knowledge, Gaps, and Future Directions

Current Pollution Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(3), С. 430 - 442

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Black carbon pollution over India simulated with recent emission inventories and WRF-CHEM model

Atmospheric Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 107931 - 107931

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Emission Factors for Crop Residue and Prescribed Fires in the Eastern US During FIREX‐AQ

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 128(18)

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2023

Abstract Agricultural and prescribed burning activities emit large amounts of trace gases aerosols on regional to global scales. We present a compilation emission factors (EFs) ratios from the eastern portion Fire Influence Regional Global Environments Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) campaign in 2019 United States, which sampled crop residues other fire fuels. FIREX‐AQ provided comprehensive chemical characterization 53 residue 22 fires. Crop burned at different modified combustion efficiencies (MCE), with corn higher MCE than fuel types. Prescribed fires lower (<0.90) is typical, while grasslands (0.90) normally observed due moist, green, growing season Most non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) were significantly anticorrelated except for ethanol NMVOCs that measured less certainty. identified 23 species where differed by more 50% same MCE. EFs greater related agricultural use composition as well oxygenated possibly presence metals such potassium. monoterpenes (5×). average generally agreed previous study US but had disagreements compilations. observations show importance regionally‐specific fuel‐specific first steps reduce uncertainty modeling air quality impacts emissions.

Язык: Английский

---

Estimating the impact of a 2017 smoke plume on surface climate over northern Canada with a climate model, satellite retrievals, and weather forecasts

Authorea (Authorea), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023

In August 2017, a smoke plume from wildfires in British Columbia and the Northwest Territories recirculated persisted over northern Canada for two weeks. We compared full-factorial set of NASA Goddard Institute Space Studies ModelE simulations to satellite retrievals aerosol optical depth carbon monoxide, finding that performance was dependent on model configuration, more so choice injection height approach, scheme biomass burning emissions estimates than horizontal winds nudging. particular, with free-tropospheric injection, mass-based high fire NOx led unrealistically depth. Using paired excluded, we estimated 16 days an 850 000 km2 region, decreased planetary boundary layer heights by between 253 m 547 m, downward shortwave radiation 52 Wm-2 172 Wm-2, surface temperature 1.5 oC 4.9 oC, latter spanning independent estimate operational weather forecasts 3.7 cooling. The strongest climate effects were configurations detailed microphysics stronger first indirect effect.

Язык: Английский

---

Contrasting Responses of Smoke Dispersion and Fire Emissions to Aerosol-Radiation Interaction during the Largest Australian Wildfires in 2019–2020

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

The record-breaking 2019–2020 Australian wildfires have been primarily linked to climate change and its internal variability. However, the meteorological feedback mechanisms affecting smoke dispersion wildfire emissions on a synoptic scale remain unclear. This study focused largest occurring between December 25, 2019 January 10, 2020, under enhanced subtropical high, when double peak in evolution was favored by sustained low humidity two synchronous increases temperature wind. Based coupled atmospheric chemical transport model, we revealed an abnormal downdraft lowered planetary boundary layer over southeastern Australia, caused radiative cooling effects (exceeding −100 W m–2 at surface) of carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) from wildfires. These changes hindered increased PM2.5 concentration ∼27.8%. By contrast, low-level anomalous cyclonic circulation induced CAs brought more water vapor toward fire zone. This, combined with surface wind speeds, suppressed emissions, thereby reducing ∼11.6%. findings highlight critical role aerosol-radiation interaction behavior.

Язык: Английский

---

Optimization of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Over Greece Using WRF-GHG-CTDAS

Springer proceedings in complexity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 251 - 257

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Quantifying Mineral Dust Emissions on the Tibetan Plateau With a Modified Dust Source Map

Geophysical Research Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 51(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023

Abstract The region surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is widely considered a primary global dust source, with mineral comprising significant proportion of aerosols over TP. Current research on TP has mainly focused transport from deserts, little focus emissions TP's interior. erodibility factor used by WRF‐Chem (EROD DEF ) 0 for TP, so model cannot simulate inside plateau. Thus, we constructed high‐resolution data set SDS based reliable source distribution and intensity map. Based modified EROD map, was to direct radiative forcing in 2018. With can well temporal variation spatial pattern plateau, which greatly improves model's simulation accuracy

Язык: Английский

---

An Analysis of Prescribed Fire Activities and Emissions in the Southeastern United States from 2013 to 2020

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(11), С. 2725 - 2725

Опубликована: Май 24, 2023

Prescribed burning is a major source of fine particular matter, especially in the southeastern United States, and quantifying emissions from operations accurately an integral part ascertaining air quality impacts. For instance, critical factor calculating fire identifying activity information (e.g., location, date/time, type, area burned) prior estimations prescribed used for have either burn permit records or satellite-based remote sensing products. While kept by state agencies are reliable source, they not always available readily accessible. Satellite-based products currently to fill data gaps, regional studies; however, cannot differentiate burns other types fires. In this study, we developed novel algorithms distinguish wildfires agricultural satellite-derived product, Fire INventory NCAR (FINN). We matched compared burned areas FINN at various spatial scales: individual level, 4 km grid level. The methods study usable differentiating matching comparing between two datasets resolutions, estimating emissions. results showed that permits weak correlation while much higher levels. Since level relatively chemical transport models typically use grid-based emissions, linear regression relationship adjust areas. This adjustment resulted reduction FINN-burned 34%. adjusted was then as input BlueSky Smoke Modeling Framework provide long-term, three-dimensional States. also different (FINN BlueSky) sources (adjusted permits) evaluate uncertainties our emission estimation. comparison impacts area, method, on estimations.

Язык: Английский

---

Measurements and Modeling of the Interhemispheric Differences of Atmospheric Chlorinated Very Short‐Lived Substances

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 129(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Abstract Chlorinated very short‐lived substances (Cl‐VSLS) are ubiquitous in the troposphere and can contribute to stratospheric chlorine budget. In this study, we present measurements of atmospheric dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl ), tetrachloroethene (C 4 chloroform (CHCl 3 1,2‐dichloroethane (1,2‐DCA) obtained during National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) global‐scale aircraft mission (2016–2018), use Community Earth System Model (CESM) updated with recent chemistry further investigate their global tropospheric distribution. The measured average Cl‐VSLS mixing ratios, from 0.2 13 km altitude, were 46.6 ppt 9.6 7.8 (1,2‐DCA), 0.84 ) by NSF NCAR Trace Organic Analyzer (TOGA) ATom. Both model show distinct hemispheric gradients mean Northern Southern Hemisphere (NH/SH) ratio or greater for all four Cl‐VSLS. addition, TOGA profiles over NH mid‐latitudes showed general enhancements Pacific basin compared Atlantic basin, up ∼18 difference CH mid troposphere. We tagged regional source emissions C found that Asian dominate distributions these species both at surface (950 hPa) high altitudes (150 hPa). Overall, our results confirm relatively ratios UTLS region CESM does a reasonable job simulating abundance but also note uncertainties active sources model. These findings will be used validate future emission inventories fast convective transport impact on ozone.

Язык: Английский

---