Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 145406 - 145406
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(2), С. 355 - 384
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025
Abstract. Marine enhanced rock weathering (mERW) is increasingly receiving attention as a marine-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology. The method aims to achieve ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) by introducing fast-weathering rocks into coastal systems. latter envisioned act large natural biogeochemical reactor, where ambient physical and biological processes can stimulate dissolution, thus generating concomitant release increasing the seawater's capacity sequester CO2. Olivine has been put forward prime candidate mineral for mERW, but at present, no peer-reviewed results are available from larger-scale field studies in areas, so information about olivine dissolution marine systems largely derived laboratory experiments. As result, key uncertainties remain concerning efficiency, CO2 sequestration potential, impact of olivine-based mERW under relevant conditions. In this review, we summarize recent research advancements bridge gap between existing real-world environment which intended take place. To end, identify parameters that govern kinetics sediments associated enable us number still with respect implementation upscaling ERW, well monitoring, reporting, verification (MRV). From our analysis, conclude current knowledge base not sufficient predict outcome situ applications. Particularly, pore-water saturation on rate question additionality generation critical unknowns. more confidently assess potential dedicated pilot conditions needed, should be conducted sufficiently spatial scale monitored long enough time temporal resolution. Additionally, analysis indicates specific sediment type application site (e.g., cohesive versus permeable) will factor applications, it significantly influencing pH, dynamics, generation. Therefore, future also target different types.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
State of the Planet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2-oae2023, С. 1 - 9
Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023
Abstract. The Paris Agreement to limit global warming well below 2 ∘C requires the ambitious reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and balancing of remaining through carbon sinks (i.e., deployment dioxide removal or CDR). While climate mitigation scenarios until now primarily consider land-based CDR methods, there is growing concern about their potential deliver sufficient CDR, marine options are receiving more interest. Based on idealized theoretical studies, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) appears as a promising method. However, knowledge base insufficient for robust assessment its practical feasibility, side effects, social governance aspects, monitoring verification issues. A number research efforts aims improve this timely manner. We provide an overview current situation developing OAE method describe history that has led creation best practices guide.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
28
Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1), С. 261 - 277
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024
Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging approach for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR). The net climatic benefit of OAE depends on how much it can increase CO2 sequestration relative to a baseline state without OAE. This so-called “additionality” be calculated as follows: Additionality=COAE-ΔCbaseline. So far, feasibility studies have mainly focussed enhancing in the oceans stimulate (COAE); however, primary focus has not been such anthropogenic would modify natural cycle and associated (ΔCbaseline). Here, I present incubation experiments which materials considered (sodium hydroxide, steel slag, olivine) are exposed beach sand investigate influence sources sinks. show that strongly reduce generation alkalinity, thereby reducing additionality. because increases calcium carbonate saturation state, reduces dissolution from sand, source. argue this “additionality problem” potentially widespread applies many marine systems where implementation – far beyond scenario investigated study. However, problem mitigated by dilute dosing into ocean environment avoidance cycling hotspots, sediments. Understanding potential slowdown through introduction will crucial assessment
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
15
Separation and Purification Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 339, С. 126679 - 126679
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(2), С. 473 - 498
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), one of the marine carbon dioxide removal strategies, is gaining recognition in its ability to mitigate climate change and ocean acidification (OA). OAE based on adding open-ocean coastal systems through a variety different approaches, which raises carbonate chemistry parameters (such as pH, total alkalinity, aragonite saturation state) enhances uptake (CO2) from atmosphere. There are large uncertainties both short- long-term outcomes related potential environmental impacts, would ultimately have an influence social license success strategy. This paper represents synthesis effort, leveraging OA studies published data, observed patterns, generalizable responses. Our assessment framework was developed predict sensitivity calcifiers by using data originating studies. The done raw experimental 68 collected studies, covering 84 unique species capturing responses 11 biological groups (calcifying algae, corals, dinoflagellates, mollusks, gastropods, pteropods, coccolithophores, annelids, crustacean, echinoderms, foraminifera), regression analyses NaOH or Na2CO3 addition their respective thresholds. Predicted were categorized into six categories (linear positive negative, threshold parabolic neutral) delineate per species. results show that 34.4 % predicted be (N=33), 26.0 negative (N=25), 39.2 (N=38) neutral upon addition. For negatively impacted species, thresholds, 50 reduction calcification rate, range 500 µmol kg−1 Thus, we emphasize importance including much lower additions trials realistically evaluate situ However, it important note our do not consider equilibration with atmosphere thus only applicable short-term near-field application. primary goal research provide rates thresholds under / can serve tool for delineating risks. will help guide prioritize future regional monitoring efforts also aid communicating risks stakeholders. given fact at least some current approaches always assure safe space. With 60 being non-neutral, precautionary approach implementation warranted, identifying conditions where ecological could happen, key scaling up avoiding
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(11), С. 2777 - 2794
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024
Abstract. Gigatonne-scale atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will almost certainly be needed to supplement the emission reductions required keep global warming between 1.5–2 °C. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is an emerging marine CDR method with addition of pulverised minerals surface ocean being one widely considered approach. A concern this approach potential for dissolution products released from impact phytoplankton communities. We conducted experiment 10 pelagic mesocosms (M1–M10) in Raunefjorden, Bergen, Norway, assess implications simulated silicate- and calcium-based mineral OAE on a coastal plankton community. Five (M1, M3, M5, M7, M9) were enriched silicate (∼ 75 µmol L−1 Na2SiO3), along gradient 0 ∼ 600 kg−1, magnesium proportion additions. The other five (M2, M4, M6, M8, M10) same calcium explored many components community, microbes fish larvae, here we report influence based diatom silicification. Macronutrients (nitrate phosphate) limited silicification at onset until nutrient additions day 26. Silicification was significantly greater silicate-based treatment, all genera except Cylindrotheca displaying increase as result increased concentration dissolved silicate. In contrast effect differences concentrations two treatments, increases only influenced genera, Pseudo-nitzschia Nitzschia. four (Arcocellulus, Cylindrotheca, Skeletonema, Thalassiosira) investigated displayed no significant changes kg−1 above natural levels. summary, our findings illustrate that via methods has genus-specific impacts diatoms. This research underscores importance understanding full breadth different approaches, their risks, co-benefits, interactive effects.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
8
Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(2), С. 405 - 415
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
Abstract. The urgent necessity of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is coupled with a pressing need for widespread implementation carbon dioxide removal (CDR) techniques to limit the increase in mean global temperature levels below 2 °C compared pre-industrial times. One proposed CDR method, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), mimics natural rock weathering processes by introducing suitable minerals into ocean, thereby increasing and promoting CO2 chemical absorption. While theoretical studies hold promise OAE as climate mitigation strategy, careful consideration its ecological implications essential. Indeed, impact enhanced on marine organisms remains subject investigation, it may lead changes species composition. implicates favorable conditions calcifying enhancing saturation state calcium carbonate decreasing energetic costs calcification. This affect primary production improving phytoplankton, among which coccolithophores play leading role. They contribute < 10 % but are responsible large proportion calcite deposition. previous research has extensively studied effects acidification coccolithophores, fewer have explored impacts elevated pH alkalinity. In this context, we sensitivity Emiliania huxleyi, most coccolithophore species, culture experiment. We monitored species' growth calcification response progressively total (TA). Above change (ΔTA) ∼ 600 µmol kg−1, concentrations decreased, E. huxleyi rate diminished, suggesting threshold concentration 100 µatm necessary optimal growth. cellular organic ratio (PIC : POC) remained stable over range. Due enhancement, formation was lower. rapidly advancing already reached field-testing stage. Hence, our study contributes critical part investigations required comprehend potential biological before large-scale adopted.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Frontiers in Climate, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) from the atmosphere is unavoidable if we are to meet Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming 1.5°C, and almost certainly required limit 2°C. The ocean exchanges carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) with a large repository that could either be partially emptied allow more CO absorption or have its storage capacity enhanced it remove additional atmosphere. Early-stage techniques exist utilise in atmospheric removal, but typically, removal these stimulate happens downstream their activity. Verifying associated techniques, while critical when evaluating approaches pricing challenging. This study briefly reviews challenges verifying non-biological (abiotic) engineered marine CDR approaches, specifically Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Direct Capture Storage, presents findings workshop held interested parties spanning industry government, focused on collective requirements for Monitoring, Reporting, Verification (MRV) removal. We find possible agree common set principles abiotic MRV, identify delivering this MRV today’s understanding technology prohibitively expensive. discuss focal areas drive down costs highlight importance specification criteria by an ultimate regulator investment into work. High-quality important correctly price any accessibility transparency also key realising broader benefits society.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Frontiers in Climate, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7
Опубликована: Март 10, 2025
To achieve carbon neutrality, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is currently being researched as a marine option for dioxide removal (CDR). The approach of releasing calcite near the sediments and using effect enhanced mineral solubility in pore water more efficient dissolution may be promising Baltic Sea. Sea considered potential application site this method, as, contrast to other seas, it partly undersaturated even at shallow depths. However, possible implications specifically if applied coastal settings, are still poorly understood. Therefore, coupled hydrodynamic biogeochemical model Sea, we simulated release sediment strategy OAE. Simulations were run with without two locations, one deep basin. While by oxic mineralisation did not make difference basin, substantially changed achievable rates therefore CO 2 removal. Here, our simulations provide lower an upper limit effectiveness dissolution. locations differed considerably magnitude timescales uptake. As saturation level appears main limiting factor location cannot upscaled infinitely adding calcite. Our results demonstrate OAE We used on average maximum changes pH reflect environmental impacts based review existing literature. safe responsible deployment CDR method requires further research localized rates, budget
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Март 19, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1