An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1), С. 204 - 204

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2021

Interest in the potential cardiovascular (CV) benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3) began 1940s and was amplified by a subsequent landmark trial showing reduced CV disease (CVD) risk following acute myocardial infarction. Since that time, however, much controversy has circulated due to discordant results among several studies even meta-analyses. Then, 2018, three more large, randomized trials were released—these too with findings regarding overall Ω-3 therapy. Interestingly, used higher dose (4 g/day highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) found remarkable, statistically significant reduction CVD events. It proposed insufficient dosing (<1 EPA docosahexaenoic (DHA)), as well patients aggressively treated multiple other effective medical therapies, may explain conflicting therapy controlled trials. We have thus reviewed current evidence health, put forth reasoning for discrepant literature, highlighted critical concepts such measuring blood levels dedicated index addressed recommendations suggested health care professional societies recent scientific data.

Язык: Английский

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The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in cardiovascular disease

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 145, С. 112423 - 112423

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2021

Ferroptosis is a programmed iron-dependent cell death characterized by accumulation of lipid peroxides (LOOH) and redox disequilibrium. shows unique characteristics in biology, chemistry, gene levels, compared to other forms. The metabolic disorder intracellular LOOH catalyzed iron causes the inactivity GPX4, disrupts balance, triggers death. Metabolism amino acid, iron, lipid, including associated pathways, considered as specific hallmark ferroptosis. Epidemiological studies animal experiments have shown that ferroptosis plays an important character pathophysiology cardiovascular disease such atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), heart failure (HF), cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This review systematically summarized latest research progress on mechanisms Then we report contribution diseases. Finally, discuss analyze therapeutic approaches targeting for with

Язык: Английский

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The Role of TLRs in Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(5), С. 2229 - 2229

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Obesity affects the adaptability of adipose tissue (AT), impairing its ability to regulate energy and metabolism. is associated with many metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, sleep non-alcoholic liver disease, some types cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in obesity related disorders. TLRs pattern-recognizing (PRRs) involved innate immune system recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) endogenous ligands. TLRs, especially TLR2 TLR4, activated by fatty acids, endotoxins, other TLR4 activation triggers inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation driven TLR a hallmark diseases. The response triggered alters insulin signaling, contributing resistance, key feature syndrome type 2 diabetes. Modulation activity through lifestyle changes (diet exercise), surgery, pharmacological agents under study as possible therapeutic approach controlling complications.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Modulation Through Mediterranean Diet Foods: Implications for Human Health

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(6), С. 948 - 948

Опубликована: Март 8, 2025

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is widely recognized for its health benefits, particularly in modulating gut microbiota composition and reducing the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases. Characterized by a high intake plant-based foods, monounsaturated fats, polyphenols, primarily from extra virgin olive oil, MD fosters growth beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia, which produce short-chain fatty acids that enhance barrier integrity, reduce inflammation, improve metabolic homeostasis. Clinical preclinical studies have proved associated with increased microbial diversity, reduced pro-inflammatory bacteria, improved markers insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, cognitive function. Additionally, positively influences various conditions, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, potentially mitigating systemic inflammation enhancing neuroprotective mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests variants, Green-MD, their integration probiotics can further optimize parameters. While impact on overall well supported, long-term clinical trials are needed to better understand individual variability dietary interventions tailored different populations.

Язык: Английский

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Lipids from Microalgae for Cosmetic Applications

Cosmetics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8(2), С. 52 - 52

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2021

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using microalgal lipids the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Several species can accumulate appreciable lipid quantities therefore are characterized as oleaginous. formulations, their derivatives one of main ingredients. Different classes great moisturizing, emollient, softening agents, work surfactants emulsifiers, give consistence to products, color fragrance carriers, act preservatives maintain products integrity, be part molecules delivery system. past, chemicals have widely used but today’s market customers’ demands oriented towards natural products. Microalgae an extraordinary source other many bioactive molecules. Scientists’ attention microalgae cultivation for industrial application is increasing. For high costs associated, commercialization still not very widespread. The possibility use biomass various purposes could make more economically competitive.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Serum Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Foods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(4), С. 725 - 725

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation on serum lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome. We searched PubMed, Web Science, Embase, Cochrane library from database inception 30 April 2022. This meta-analysis included eight trials 387 participants. found that n-3 PUFAs has no significant reduction TC level (SMD = −0.02; 95% CI: −0.22 ~ 0.18, I2 23.7%) LDL-c 0.18; −0.18 0.53, 54.9%) Moreover, we increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 0.02; −0.21 0.25, 0%) syndrome after consuming PUFAs. In addition, can significantly decrease triglyceride levels (SMD= −0.39; −0.59 −0.18, 17.2%), systolic −0.54; −0.86 −0.22, 48.6%), diastolic −0.56; −0.79 0.33, 14.0%) results sensitivity analysis confirmed our were robust. These findings suggest PUFA may serve as a potential dietary supplement for improving lipids Given quality studies, further studies are still needed verify findings.

Язык: Английский

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The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Sarcopenia: Mechanism of Action and Potential Efficacy

Marine Drugs, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(7), С. 399 - 399

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Sarcopenia, a progressive disease characterized by decline in muscle strength, quality, and mass, affects aging population worldwide, leading to increased morbidity mortality. Besides resistance exercise, various nutritional strategies, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation, have been sought prevent this condition. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on effect mechanism of n-3 PUFA musculoskeletal health. Despite conflicting evidence, is suggested benefit mass volume, with more evident effects higher supplementation dose (>2 g/day). likely improves handgrip quadriceps strength elderly. Improved functions, measured walking speed time-up-to-go test, are also observed, especially longer duration (>6 months), although changes small unlikely be clinically meaningful. Lastly, may positively affect protein synthesis response anabolic stimuli, alleviating age-related resistance. Proposed mechanisms which health include 1. anti-inflammatory properties, 2. augmented expression mechanistic target rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, 3. decreased intracellular breakdown, 4. improved mitochondrial biogenesis function, 5. enhanced amino transport, 6. modulation neuromuscular junction activity. In conclusion, PUFAs improve related sarcopenia, suggestive physical performance, synthesis. However, interpretation findings limited number participants, heterogeneity regimens, different measuring protocols.

Язык: Английский

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ω-6 and ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Inflammation, Obesity and Foods of Animal Resources

Food Science of Animal Resources, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(5), С. 988 - 1010

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

Obesity, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is excessive fat accumulation that can pose health risks and a disorder of energy homeostasis system. In typical westernized diets, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) vastly exceed amount ω-3 PUFAs, with ω-6/ω-3 ratios ranging from 10:1 to 25:1. such arachidonic acid (AA), have pro-inflammatory effects increase obesity. On other hand, including eicosapentaenoic (EPA) docosahexaenoic (DHA), anti-inflammatory anti-obesity effects. LA (linoleic acid) ALA (alpha-linolenic are synthesized in almost all higher plants, algae, some fungi. However, humans animals, they essential (EFA) must be consumed through diet or supplementation. Therefore, balancing LA/ALA for obesity prevention human health. Monogastric animals pigs chickens produce meat eggs fortified PUFAs controlling dietary (FA). Additionally, ruminant feeder cattle lactating dairy cows opt feed supplementation sources rumen-protected microencapsulated pasture finishing. This method conjugated linoleic (CLA) meat, milk, cheese. A high ratio associated pro-inflammation obesity, whereas balanced reduces inflammation probiotics containing lactic bacteria necessary, which converting into functional metabolites HYA (10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic CLA.

Язык: Английский

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Green technologies for production of oils rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from aquatic sources

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 62(11), С. 2942 - 2962

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2021

Fish and algae are the major sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Globally, there is a rapid increase in demand for PUFA-rich oils. Conventional oil production processes use high temperature chemicals, compromising quality environment. Hence, alternative green technologies have been investigated producing oils from aquatic sources. While most studies focused on extraction enrichment PUFAs, less effort has directed toward refining fish algae. Enzymatic processing ultrasound-assisted with environment-friendly solvents promising extracting oil, whereas pressurized extractions suitable microalgae oil. Lipase-catalysed ethanolysis technology enriching PUFAs. Green such as phospholipase- membrane-assisted degumming deserve investigation application algal In current review, we critically examined currently existing research applied at each steps involved rich PUFAs species. Special attention was placed assessment comparison conventional methods.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites on Haemostasis—Current Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(5), С. 2394 - 2394

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2021

The beneficial effects of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) in cardioprotection are widely known and generally accepted. In this literature review, we have focused on the postulated mechanisms action PUFAs their metabolites various components haemostatic system, particular blood platelets endothelium. We also made an attempt to provide a comprehensive review epidemiological studies with regard clinical trials. Notably, results these contradictory, some them failed report taking or supplementing diet. A potential explanation, our opinion, could be need use higher doses proper ratio omega-6 PUFAs. An additional problem which is difficult solve neutral placebo for interventional studies. Despite controversies regarding supplementation cardiovascular disease, suggests that promising aspect future applications focus anti-thrombotic properties compounds. argument supporting assumption recent as tool treatment COVID-19 complications.

Язык: Английский

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