Parasites & Vectors,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Июль 6, 2021
Abstract
Background
Triatomine
control
campaigns
have
traditionally
consisted
of
spraying
the
inside
houses
with
pyrethroid
insecticides.
However,
exposure
to
sublethal
insecticide
doses
after
initial
application
is
a
common
occurrence
and
may
phenotypic
consequences
for
survivors.
Here,
using
Triatoma
infestans
(the
main
vector
Chagas
disease
in
Southern
Cone
South
America)
as
model
species,
we
quantified
effects
dose
on
wing
morphology.
We
tested
if
treatment
(i)
induced
plastic
effect
(change
character
mean);
(ii)
altered
environmental
canalisation
(higher
individual
variation
within
genotypes);
(iii)
genetic
among
(iv)
developmental
stability
fluctuating
asymmetry
[FA]).
Methods
Each
25
full-sib
families
known
be
susceptible
insecticides
were
split
two
groups:
one
treated
deltamethrin
(insecticide-treated
group)
other
pure
acetone
(control
group).
Wings
emerging
adults
used
landmark-based
geometric
morphometry
analysis
extract
size
shape
measurements.
Average
differences
treatments
measured.
Levels
families,
individuals
sides
computed
compared
treatments.
Results
Wing
affected
by
deltamethrin.
The
insects
had
larger
wings
more
variable
than
insects.
For
both
shape,
was
higher
individuals.
Individual
variations
FA
also
greater
deltamethrin-treated
ones
all
families;
however,
patterns
associated
variation,
different.
Conclusions
Insects
exposed
presented
larger,
less
symmetrical
canalised
wings.
jointly
impaired
canalisation.
divergent
suggest
that
related
buffering
processes
differed
at
least
partially.
morphological
modifications
single
pyrethroids
early
life
impinge
subsequent
flight
performance
consequently
affect
dynamics
house
invasion
reinfestation,
effectiveness
triatomine
operations.
Graphical
Journal of Insects as Food and Feed,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9(2), С. 119 - 148
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2022
Over
two
hundred
billion
black
soldier
flies
(BSF,
Hermetia
illucens
(Diptera:
Stratiomyidae))
are
reared
annually
across
the
globe,
with
industry
projected
to
grow
substantially
in
coming
decade.
Black
being
actively
explored
globe
for
use
as
livestock
feed;
fishmeal
replacements;
biodiesel;
human,
animal,
and
food
waste
management;
even
sustainable
human
protein.
Despite
huge
number
of
individual
insects
interest
BSF
welfare
by
numerous
producers
academics,
there
is
no
paper
that
considers
species-specific
farmed
conditions.
We
review
factors
relate
commercial
rearing
facilities,
including:
diseases/parasites,
abiotic
conditions
(temperature,
humidity/moisture,
substrate
aeration,
light,
pupation
substrates,
adult
spatial
needs),
larval
nutritional
considerations,
injury
crowding,
handling-associated
stress,
selective
breeding
genetic
modification,
environmental
contaminants,
slaughter
methods.
conclude
a
discussion
most
pressing
concerns
industry,
recommendations
altering
give
rise
them,
suggestions
future
research
directions
would
lend
valuable
insights
welfare.
While
this
summary
BSF-centric,
core
topic
animal
applies
all
insect
models
currently,
or
future,
produced
feed.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
72(31), С. 17271 - 17282
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024
Ethyl
5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-2-methyl-4-(2′-thienyl)-6-thioxonicotinate
(A)
was
synthesized
and
reacted
with
ethyl
chloroacetate
in
the
presence
of
sodium
acetate
or
carbonate
to
give
5-cyano-6-((2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)thio)-2-methyl-4-(2′-thienyl)nicotinate
(1a)
its
isomeric
thieno[2,3-b]pyridine
2a.
3-Aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide
2b
also
by
reaction
A
2-chloroacetamide.
The
1a
hydrazine
hydrate
boiling
ethanol
gave
acethydrazide
3.
Heating
ester
under
neat
conditions
afforded
3-amino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine
10.
Compounds
2b,
3,
10
were
used
as
precursors
for
synthesizing
other
new
thieno[2,3-b]pyridines
pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines
containing
mainly
nicotinate
scaffold.
Structures
all
compounds
confirmed
elemental
spectral
analyses.
Most
obtained
evaluated
their
insecticidal
activity
toward
nymphs
adults
Aphis
gossypii
(Glover,1887).
Some
such
4,
9b,
9c
showed
promising
results.
effect
some
sublethal
concentrations,
less
than
LC50,
on
examined
subjected
a
further
study.
results
demonstrated
that
exposure
A.
concentrations
had
noticeable
effects
biological
parameters,
i.e.,
nymphal
instar
duration,
generation
time,
adult
longevity.
highest
concentration
C1
three
increased
duration
time
decreased
longevity
vice
versa.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
27(3), С. 870 - 870
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2022
The
red
imported
fire
ant
(Solenopsis
invicta)
is
one
of
the
deadliest
invasive
species
that
threatens
world
by
disrupting
biodiversity,
important
functions
within
a
natural
ecosystem,
and
community
structure.
They
are
responsible
for
huge
economic
losses
in
infested
countries
every
year.
Synthetic
insecticides,
especially
indoxacarb,
have
been
broadly
used
to
control
S.
invicta
many
years.
However,
biochemical
response
indoxacarb
remains
largely
undiscovered.
Here,
we
sublethal
doses
on
collected
from
eight
different
cities
Southern
China.
alteration
transcriptome
profile
following
dosages
was
characterized
using
high-throughput
RNA-seq
technology.
We
created
2
libraries,
with
50.93
million
47.44
clean
reads
treatment
control,
respectively.
A
total
2018
unigenes
were
regulated
after
insecticide
treatment.
Results
indicated
158
differentially
expressed
genes
(DEGs)
identified
indoxacarb-treated
group,
which
100
significantly
upregulated
58
downregulated,
mostly
belonging
detoxification
enzymes,
such
as
AChE,
CarE,
GSTs.
Furthermore,
results
showed
most
these
DEGs
found
several
KEGG
pathways,
including
steroid
biosynthesis,
other
drug
metabolizing
glycerolipid
metabolism,
chemical
carcinogenesis,
drug-metabolizing
cytochrome
P450,
glutathione
glycerophospholipid
glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,
metabolism
xenobiotics.
Together,
findings
causes
significant
signaling
pathways
invicta,
providing
foundation
further
molecular
inquiry.
Agriculture,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(3), С. 378 - 378
Опубликована: Март 8, 2022
The
widespread
use
of
synthetic
chemical
pesticides
beginning
in
the
late
1930s
has
contributed
to
development
insecticide
resistance
many
important
species
pest
insects
and
plants.
Recent
trends
pesticide
have
emphasized
more
environmentally
benign
control
methods
that
take
into
consideration
environmental,
food
safety,
human
health.
Biopesticides
(e.g.,
naturally
occurring
pesticidal
compounds)
are
alternative
management
tools
normally
no
negative
impact
on
health
or
environment.
Here
we
review
methyl
benzoate,
a
relatively
new
botanical
occurs
as
metabolite
plants,
whose
odor
is
an
attractant
some
insects.
Since
2016,
studies
shown
benzoate
effective
against
range
different
agricultural,
stored
product,
urban
insect
pests.
Methyl
several
modes
action,
including
contact
toxicant,
fumigant,
ovicidal
toxin,
oviposition
deterrent,
repellent,
attractant.
In
this
review,
summarize
various
action
its
toxicity
potential
kinds
arthropods,
agricultural
pests
their
natural
enemies,
pollinators.
We
conclude
very
promising
candidate
for
integrated
under
either
greenhouse
field
conditions.
