Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023
Osteosarcoma,
the
most
common
bone
malignancy
in
children
and
adolescents,
poses
considerable
challenges
terms
of
prognosis,
especially
for
patients
with
metastatic
or
recurrent
disease.
While
surgical
intervention
adjuvant
chemotherapy
have
improved
survival
rates,
limitations
such
as
impractical
tumor
removal
resistance
hinder
treatment
outcomes.
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell
therapy,
an
innovative
immunotherapy
approach
that
involves
targeting
antigens
releasing
immune
factors,
has
shown
significant
advancements
hematological
malignancies.
However,
its
application
solid
tumors,
including
osteosarcoma,
is
constrained
by
factors
low
specificity,
limited
persistence,
complex
microenvironment.
Research
on
osteosarcoma
ongoing,
some
targets
promising
results
pre-clinical
studies.
This
review
summarizes
current
status
research
CAR-T
therapy
compiling
recent
literature.
It
also
proposes
future
directions
to
enhance
osteosarcoma.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(1)
Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023
Abstract
Traditional
cancer
treatments
use
nonspecific
drugs
and
monoclonal
antibodies
to
target
tumor
cells.
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell
therapy,
however,
leverages
the
immune
system's
T-cells
recognize
attack
are
isolated
from
patients
modified
tumor-associated
antigens.
CAR-T
therapy
has
achieved
FDA
approval
for
treating
blood
cancers
like
B-cell
acute
lymphoblastic
leukemia,
large
lymphoma,
multiple
myeloma
by
targeting
CD-19
maturation
Bi-specific
chimeric
receptors
may
contribute
mitigating
escape,
but
their
efficacy
could
be
limited
in
cases
where
certain
cells
do
not
express
targeted
Despite
success
cancers,
technology
faces
challenges
solid
tumors,
including
lack
of
reliable
antigens,
hypoxic
cores,
immunosuppressive
environments,
enhanced
reactive
oxygen
species,
decreased
T-cell
infiltration.
To
overcome
these
challenges,
current
research
aims
identify
antigens
develop
cost-effective,
microenvironment-specific
This
review
covers
evolution
against
various
hematological
highlights
faced
suggests
strategies
obstacles,
such
as
utilizing
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
artificial
intelligence
optimize
clinical-grade
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(7), С. 1987 - 1987
Опубликована: Март 26, 2023
Breast
cancer
is
the
most
common
in
women
and
leading
cause
of
death.
HER2
overexpression
found
approximately
20%
breast
cancers
associated
with
a
poor
prognosis
shorter
overall
survival.
Tratuzumab,
monoclonal
antibody
directed
against
receptor,
standard
care
treatment.
However,
third
patients
do
not
respond
to
therapy.
Given
high
rate
resistance,
other
HER2-targeted
strategies
have
been
developed,
including
antibodies
such
as
pertuzumab
margetuximab,
trastuzumab-based
drug
conjugates
trastuzumab-emtansine
(T-DM1)
trastuzumab-deruxtecan
(T-DXd),
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitors
like
lapatinib
tucatinib,
among
others.
Moreover,
T-DXd
has
proven
be
use
HER2-low
subtype,
which
suggests
that
therapies
could
successful
this
recently
defined
new
subclassification.
When
progress
multiple
strategies,
there
are
several
available;
however,
treatment
options
limited,
potential
combination
drugs,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
CAR-T
cells,
CAR-NK,
CAR-M,
vaccines
an
interesting
appealing
field
still
development.
In
review,
we
will
discuss
highlights
pitfalls
different
combinations
overcome
metastatic
disease
resistance
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(15), С. 12317 - 12317
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023
As
an
emerging
treatment
strategy
for
malignant
tumors,
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T
(CAR-T)
cell
therapy
has
been
widely
used
in
clinical
practice,
and
its
efficacy
markedly
improved
the
past
decade.
However,
effect
of
CAR-T
is
not
so
satisfying,
especially
solid
tumors.
Even
hematologic
malignancies,
a
proportion
patients
eventually
relapse
after
receiving
infusions,
owing
to
poor
expansion
persistence
cells.
Recently,
CRISPR/Cas9
technology
provided
effective
approach
promoting
proliferation
cells
body.
This
utilized
generate
memory
phenotype,
reduce
exhaustion,
screen
new
targets
improve
anti-tumor
potential.
In
this
review,
we
aim
describe
major
causes
limiting
discuss
application
function.
Finally,
investigate
trials
CRISPR/Cas9-engineered
cancer.
Abstract
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
T
cell
(CAR-T
cell)
therapy
based
on
gene
editing
technology
represents
a
significant
breakthrough
in
personalized
immunotherapy
for
human
cancer.
This
strategy
uses
genetic
modification
to
enable
cells
target
tumor-specific
antigens,
attack
specific
cancer
cells,
and
bypass
tumor
apoptosis
avoidance
mechanisms
some
extent.
method
has
been
extensively
used
treat
hematologic
diseases,
but
the
therapeutic
effect
solid
tumors
is
not
ideal.
Tumor
escape,
treatment-related
toxicity,
immunosuppressive
microenvironment
(TME)
limit
their
use
of
it.
Target
selection
most
critical
aspect
determining
prognosis
patients
receiving
this
treatment.
review
provides
comprehensive
summary
all
targets
clinic
or
shown
promising
potential.
We
summarize
CAR-T
therapies’
clinical
trials,
applications,
research
frontiers,
limitations
treating
different
cancers.
also
explore
coping
strategies
when
encountering
sub-optimal
tumor-associated
antigens
(TAA)
TAA
loss.
Moreover,
importance
emphasized.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2022
Esophageal
cancer
(EC)
is
a
common
malignant
gastrointestinal
(GI)
in
adults.
Although
surgical
technology
combined
with
neoadjuvant
chemoradiotherapy
has
advanced
rapidly,
patients
EC
are
often
diagnosed
at
an
stage
and
the
five-year
survival
rate
remains
unsatisfactory.
The
poor
prognosis
high
mortality
indicate
that
effective
validated
therapy
of
great
necessity.
Recently,
immunotherapy
been
successfully
used
clinic
as
novel
for
treating
solid
tumors,
bringing
new
hope
to
patients.
Several
immunotherapies,
such
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs),
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T-cell
therapy,
tumor
vaccines,
have
achieved
significant
breakthroughs
treatment.
However,
overall
response
(ORR)
lower
than
30%,
most
initially
treated
likely
develop
acquired
resistance
(AR)
over
time.
Immunosuppression
greatly
weakens
durability
efficiency
immunotherapy.
Because
heterogeneity
within
microenvironment
highly
disparate
oncological
characteristics
different
individuals,
exact
mechanism
elusive.
In
this
review,
we
provide
overview
EC,
mainly
focusing
on
current
immunotherapies
potential
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
immunosuppression
drug
Additionally,
discuss
prospective
biomarkers
methods
enhancing
effect
clear
insight
into
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(20), С. 15332 - 15332
Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2023
Breast
cancer
(BC),
one
of
the
most
widespread
and
devastating
diseases
affecting
women
worldwide,
presents
a
significant
public
health
challenge.
This
review
explores
emerging
frontiers
research
focused
on
deciphering
intricate
interplay
between
BC
cells
immune
microenvironment.
Understanding
role
system
in
is
critical
as
it
holds
promise
for
novel
therapeutic
approaches
precision
medicine
strategies.
delves
into
current
literature
regarding
microenvironment's
contribution
to
initiation,
progression,
metastasis.
It
examines
complex
mechanisms
by
which
interact
with
various
cell
populations,
including
tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes
(TILs)
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs).
Furthermore,
this
highlights
impact
immune-related
factors,
such
cytokines
checkpoint
molecules.
Additionally,
comprehensive
analysis
sheds
light
potential
biomarkers
associated
response
BC,
enabling
early
diagnosis
prognostic
assessment.
The
implications
targeting
microenvironment
are
also
explored,
encompassing
immunotherapeutic
strategies
combination
therapies
enhance
treatment
efficacy.
significance
lies
its
pave
way
interventions,
providing
clinicians
researchers
essential
knowledge
design
targeted
personalized
regimens
patients.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024
Surgery,
chemotherapy,
and
endocrine
therapy
have
improved
the
overall
survival
postoperative
recurrence
rates
of
Luminal
A,
B,
HER2-positive
breast
cancers
but
treatment
modalities
for
triple-negative
cancer
(TNBC)
with
poor
prognosis
remain
limited.
The
effective
application
rapidly
developing
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell
in
hematological
tumors
provides
new
ideas
cancer.
Choosing
suitable
specific
targets
is
crucial
applying
CAR-T
treatment.
In
this
paper,
we
summarize
therapy’s
potential
different
subtypes
based
on
existing
research
progress,
especially
TNBC.
CAR-based
immunotherapy
has
resulted
advancements
CAR-macrophages,
CAR-NK
cells,
CAR-mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
may
be
more
safer
treating
solid
tumors,
such
as
However,
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
side
effects
pose
challenges
to
immunotherapy.
cells-derived
exosomes
are
advantageous
therapy.
Exosomes
carrying
CAR
immense
value
provide
a
modality
good
effects.
review,
an
overview
development
discuss
progress
CAR-expressing
We
elaborate
TNBC
prospects
using
CAR-MSCs
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024
Abstract
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell
adoptive
immunotherapy
is
a
promising
cancer
treatment
that
uses
genetically
engineered
T
cells
to
attack
tumors.
However,
this
therapy
can
have
some
adverse
effects.
CAR-T
cell-derived
exosomes
are
potential
alternative
may
overcome
limitations.
Exosomes
small
vesicles
released
by
and
carry
variety
of
molecules,
including
proteins,
RNA,
DNA.
They
play
an
important
role
in
intercellular
communication
be
used
deliver
therapeutic
agents
cells.
The
application
could
make
more
clinically
controllable
effective.
cell-free,
which
means
they
less
likely
cause
reactions
than
combination
effective
way
treat
either
alone.
where
cannot
reach.
appropriate
both
cellular
exosomal
platforms
practicable
for
cancer.
This
offer
safe
cancers.
Abstract
Triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC)
is
a
particularly
aggressive
subtype,
characterised
by
higher
incidence
in
younger
women,
rapid
metastasis,
and
generally
poor
prognosis.
Patients
with
TNBC
BRCA
mutations
face
additional
therapeutic
challenges
due
to
the
cancer’s
intrinsic
resistance
conventional
therapies.
Poly
(ADP-ribose)
polymerase
inhibitors
(PARPis)
have
emerged
as
promising
targeted
treatment
for
BRCA-mutated
TNBC,
exploiting
vulnerabilities
homologous
recombination
repair
(HRR)
pathway.
However,
despite
initial
success,
efficacy
of
PARPis
often
compromised
development
mechanisms,
including
HRR
restoration,
stabilisation
replication
forks,
reduced
PARP1
trapping,
drug
efflux.
This
review
explores
latest
breakthroughs
overcoming
PARPi
through
combination
These
strategies
include
integration
chemotherapy,
immunotherapy,
antibody-drug
conjugates,
PI3K/AKT
pathway
inhibitors.
combinations
aim
enhance
targeting
multiple
progression
pathways.
The
also
discusses
evolving
role
within
broader
paradigm
emphasising
need
ongoing
research
clinical
trials
optimise
strategies.
By
tackling
associated
exploring
novel
therapies,
this
sheds
light
on
future
possibilities
improving
outcomes
patients
TNBC.
