The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 47(1), С. 72 - 89

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2021

Concepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits controlled automatic processing, related to the functions prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions networks. A psychometric approach shows unity diversity CC constructs, 3 components most commonly studied constructs: general or common specific mental set shifting working memory updating. These constructs considered against cellular systems neurobiology PFC what is known its functional neuroanatomical network organization based on lesioning, neurochemical, neuroimaging approaches across species. also context motivation, as "cool" "hot" forms. Its Common component shown be distinct from intelligence (g) closely response inhibition. Impairments possible causes psychiatric symptoms consequences disorders. The factor psychopathology (p) dimensional such impulsivity large scale developmental adult populations considered, well implications for genetic studies RDoC classification.

Язык: Английский

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Ten simple rules for the computational modeling of behavioral data

eLife, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2019

Computational modeling of behavior has revolutionized psychology and neuroscience. By fitting models to experimental data we can probe the algorithms underlying behavior, find neural correlates computational variables better understand effects drugs, illness interventions. But with great power comes responsibility. Here, offer ten simple rules ensure that is used care yields meaningful insights. In particular, present a beginner-friendly, pragmatic details-oriented introduction on how relate data. What, exactly, model tell us about mind? To answer this, apply our simplest techniques most accessible beginning modelers illustrate them examples code available online. However, more advanced techniques. Our hope by following guidelines, researchers will avoid many pitfalls unleash their own

Язык: Английский

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Reinforcement Learning and Episodic Memory in Humans and Animals: An Integrative Framework

Annual Review of Psychology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 68(1), С. 101 - 128

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2016

We review the psychology and neuroscience of reinforcement learning (RL), which has experienced significant progress in past two decades, enabled by comprehensive experimental study simple decision-making tasks. However, one challenge RL is computational: The simplicity these tasks ignores important aspects real world: (a) State spaces are high-dimensional, continuous, partially observable; this implies that (b) data relatively sparse and, indeed, precisely same situation may never be encountered twice; furthermore, (c) rewards depend on long-term consequences actions ways violate classical assumptions make tractable. A seemingly distinct that, cognitively, theories have largely involved procedural semantic memory, way knowledge about action values or world models extracted gradually from many experiences can drive choice. This focus memory leaves out such as episodic related to traces individual events. suggest challenges related. computational dealt with, part, endowing systems with allowing them efficiently approximate value functions over complex state spaces, learn very little data, bridge dependencies between rewards. theory underlying proposal empirical evidence support it. Our suggests ubiquitous diverse roles function part an integrated system.

Язык: Английский

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Prioritized memory access explains planning and hippocampal replay

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 21(11), С. 1609 - 1617

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Surviving threats: neural circuit and computational implications of a new taxonomy of defensive behaviour

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 19(5), С. 269 - 282

Опубликована: Март 29, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Psychiatric Symptom Dimensions Are Associated With Dissociable Shifts in Metacognition but Not Task Performance

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 84(6), С. 443 - 451

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Toward a Functional View of the p Factor in Psychopathology

Clinical Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(5), С. 880 - 889

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2017

Evidence indicates the existence of a superordinate factor general psychopathology, which has been termed p. Among issues raised by this discovery is whether substantive meaning or not. This article suggests functional interpretation p factor, based in part on family dual process models, an associative system and deliberative compete for influence over action. The frequently said to be impulsively responsive emotions. We hypothesize that impulsive responsivity emotion underlies factor. One benefit view use same underlying variable account both internalizing externalizing vulnerabilities as well aspects thought disorder. reviewed linking reactivity (separately) internalizing, externalizing, thought-disorder symptoms. Alternative interpretations are considered.

Язык: Английский

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Habits without values.

Psychological Review, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 126(2), С. 292 - 311

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2019

Habits form a crucial component of behavior.In recent years, key computational models have conceptualized habits as arising from model-free reinforcement learning (RL) mechanisms, which typically select between available actions based on the future value expected to result each.Traditionally, however, been understood behaviors that can be triggered directly by stimulus, without requiring animal evaluate outcomes.Here, we develop model instantiating this traditional view, in through direct strengthening recently taken rather than encoding outcomes.We demonstrate accounts for behavioral manifestations habits, including insensitivity outcome devaluation and contingency degradation, well effects schedule rate habit formation.The also explains prevalent observation perseveration repeated-choice tasks an additional manifestation system.We suggest mapping habitual onto value-free mechanisms provides parsimonious account existing neural data.This may provide new foundation building robust comprehensive interaction with other, more goal-directed types help better guide research into underlying control instrumental behavior generally.

Язык: Английский

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Cost-Benefit Arbitration Between Multiple Reinforcement-Learning Systems

Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 28(9), С. 1321 - 1333

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2017

Human behavior is sometimes determined by habit and other times goal-directed planning. Modern reinforcement-learning theories formalize this distinction as a competition between computationally cheap but inaccurate model-free system that gives rise to habits expensive accurate model-based implements It unclear, however, how people choose allocate control these systems. Here, we propose arbitration occurs comparing each system’s task-specific costs benefits. To investigate proposal, conducted two experiments showing increase when it achieves greater accuracy than control, especially the rewards of performance are amplified. In contrast, they insensitive reward amplification yield equivalent accuracy. This suggests humans adaptively balance habitual planned action through on-line cost-benefit analysis.

Язык: Английский

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Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 45(5), С. 720 - 735

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2020

Drug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative affective states, habit strong stimulus-response associations, or compulsion insensitivity to costs imposed on seeking. Laboratory animal and human evidence for these three theories is evaluated. Excessive goal theory supported dependence severity being associated with greater choice/economic demand. demonstrably (driven the expected of drug) can augmented stress/negative mood induction withdrawal-effects amplified those psychiatric symptoms use coping motives. Furthermore, confer risk dependence, motives mediate this risk. Habit has weaker support. Habitual behaviour seen drug-exposed animals often does not occur complex decision scenarios, where responding rewarded, so unlikely explain most addictive conditions apply. studies have found propensity habitual users as function severity, minority that explained task disengagement producing impaired explicit contingency knowledge. Compulsion also weak The persistence punished seeking better (evinced association economic demand) than costs. provided discount cost severity. These data suggest primarily under affect, less compulsion. Addiction pathological because states powerfully increase acutely outweighing abstinence goals.

Язык: Английский

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