Different
regions
of
the
striatum
regulate
different
types
behavior.
However,
how
dopamine
signals
differ
across
striatal
and
regulates
behaviors
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
compared
axon
activity
in
ventral,
dorsomedial,
dorsolateral
striatum,
while
mice
performed
a
perceptual
value-based
decision
task.
Surprisingly,
was
similar
all
three
areas.
At
glance,
multiplexed
variables
such
as
stimulus-associated
values,
confidence,
reward
feedback
at
phases
Our
modeling
demonstrates,
however,
that
these
modulations
can
be
inclusively
explained
by
moment-by-moment
changes
expected
reward,
is
temporal
difference
error.
A
major
between
areas
overall
level
responses:
responses
were
positively
shifted,
lacking
inhibitory
to
negative
prediction
errors.
The
differences
put
specific
constraints
on
properties
controlled
regions.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
71(3), С. 316 - 344
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2019
This
paper
formulates
the
action
of
psychedelics
by
integrating
free-energy
principle
and
entropic
brain
hypothesis.
We
call
this
formulation
relaxed
beliefs
under
(REBUS)
anarchic
brain,
founded
on
that—via
their
effect
spontaneous
cortical
activity—psychedelics
work
to
relax
precision
high-level
priors
or
beliefs,
thereby
liberating
bottom-up
information
flow,
particularly
via
intrinsic
sources
such
as
limbic
system.
assemble
evidence
for
model
show
how
it
can
explain
a
broad
range
phenomena
associated
with
psychedelic
experience.
With
regard
potential
therapeutic
use,
we
propose
that
weighting
pathologically
overweighted
underpinning
various
expressions
mental
illness.
process
entails
an
increased
sensitization
signaling
(stemming
from
sources),
heightened
sensitivity
enables
revision
deweighting
priors.
end
discussing
further
implications
model,
bring
about
other
heavily
weighted
priors,
not
directly
related
health,
those
underlying
partisan
and/or
overly-confident
political,
religious,
philosophical
perspectives.
Significance
Statement
Psychedelics
are
capturing
interest,
efforts
underway
psilocybin
therapy
marketing
authorisation
legal
access
within
decade,
spearheaded
findings
series
phase
2
trials.
In
climate,
compelling
unified
how
alter
function
consciousness
would
have
appeal.
Towards
end,
sought
integrate
leading
global
function,
hierarchical
predictive
coding,
often-cited
acute
psychedelics,
the
hypothesis.
The
resulting
synthesis
states
sensitising
them
liberated
which,
right
intention,
care
provision
context,
help
guide
cultivate
entrenched
pathological
Journal of Psychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
31(9), С. 1091 - 1120
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2017
Previous
attempts
to
identify
a
unified
theory
of
brain
serotonin
function
have
largely
failed
achieve
consensus.
In
this
present
synthesis,
we
integrate
previous
perspectives
with
new
and
older
data
create
novel
bipartite
model
centred
on
the
view
that
neurotransmission
enhances
two
distinct
adaptive
responses
adversity,
mediated
in
large
part
by
its
most
prevalent
researched
receptors:
5-HT1A
5-HT2A
receptors.
We
propose
passive
coping
(i.e.
tolerating
source
stress)
is
postsynaptic
5-HT1AR
signalling
characterised
stress
moderation.
Conversely,
argue
active
actively
addressing
5-HT2AR
enhanced
plasticity
(defined
as
capacity
for
change).
5-HT1AR-mediated
moderation
may
be
brain’s
default
response
adversity
but
an
improved
ability
change
one’s
situation
and/or
relationship
it
via
5-HT2AR-mediated
also
important
–
increasingly
so
level
reaches
critical
point.
pathway
conventional
5-HT
reuptake
blocking
antidepressants
such
selective
inhibitors
(SSRIs),
whereas
5-HT2AR-agonist
psychedelics.
This
purports
explain
how
different
drugs
(SSRIs
psychedelics)
modulate
serotonergic
system
ways,
can
complementary
potentially
therapeutic
outcomes.
Serotonin
is
implicated
in
mood
and
affective
disorders.
However,
growing
evidence
suggests
that
a
core
endogenous
role
to
promote
flexible
adaptation
changes
the
causal
structure
of
environment,
through
behavioral
inhibition
enhanced
plasticity.
We
used
long-term
photometric
recordings
mice
study
population
dorsal
raphe
serotonin
neurons,
whose
activity
we
could
link
normal
reversal
learning
using
pharmacogenetics.
found
these
neurons
are
activated
by
both
positive
negative
prediction
errors,
thus
report
signals
similar
those
proposed
conditions
uncertainty.
Furthermore,
comparing
cue
responses
dopamine
differences
rates
explain
importance
inhibiting
perseverative
responding.
Our
findings
show
how
patterns
support
cognitive
flexibility,
suggest
revised
model
dopamine-serotonin
opponency
with
potential
clinical
implications.
The
dorsal
raphe
nucleus
(DRN)
is
an
important
source
of
neuromodulators
and
has
been
implicated
in
a
wide
variety
behavioral
neurological
disorders.
DRN
subdivided
into
distinct
anatomical
subregions
comprised
multiple
cell
types,
its
complex
cellular
organization
impeded
efforts
to
investigate
the
circuit
functions
subdomains.
Here
we
used
single-cell
RNA
sequencing,
situ
hybridization,
tracing,
spatial
correlation
analysis
map
transcriptional
profiles
cells
from
mouse
DRN.
Our
39,411
transcriptomes
revealed
at
least
18
neuron
subtypes
5
serotonergic
with
molecular
properties,
including
subtype
that
preferentially
innervates
basal
ganglia.
study
lays
out
non-serotonergic
subsystems,
will
facilitate
design
strategies
for
further
dissection
diverse
functions.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
47(1), С. 309 - 328
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2021
The
primate
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
subserves
our
highest
order
cognitive
operations,
and
yet
is
tremendously
dependent
on
a
precise
neurochemical
environment
for
proper
functioning.
Depletion
of
noradrenaline
dopamine,
or
acetylcholine
from
the
dorsolateral
PFC
(dlPFC),
as
devastating
removing
itself,
serotonergic
influences
are
also
critical
to
functioning
orbital
medial
PFC.
Most
neuromodulators
have
narrow
inverted
U
dose
response,
which
coordinates
arousal
state
with
state,
contributes
deficits
fatigue
uncontrollable
stress.
Studies
in
monkeys
revealed
molecular
signaling
mechanisms
that
govern
generation
modulation
mental
representations
by
dlPFC,
allowing
dynamic
regulation
network
strength,
process
requires
tight
prevent
toxic
actions,
e.g.,
occurs
advanced
age.
Brain
imaging
studies
humans
observed
drug
genotype
range
tasks
circuit
functional
connectivity,
showing
catecholamines
stabilize
baseline-dependent
manner.
Research
has
already
led
new
treatments
disorders
humans,
encouraging
future
research
this
important
field.
