A Pipeline for Volume Electron Microscopy of the Caenorhabditis elegans Nervous System

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2018

The 'connectome', a comprehensive wiring diagram of synaptic connectivity, is achieved through volume electron microscopy (vEM) analysis an entire nervous system and all associated non-neuronal tissues. White et al. (1986) pioneered the fully manual reconstruction connectome using C. elegans. Recent advances in vEM allow mapping new elegans connectomes with increased throughput, reduced subjectivity. Current studies aim to not only fill remaining gaps original connectome, but also address fundamental questions including how changes during development, nature individuality, sexual dimorphism, genetic environmental factors regulate connectivity. Here we describe our current pipeline projected improvements for study beyond.

Язык: Английский

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Nemertean, Brachiopod, and Phoronid Neuropeptidomics Reveals Ancestral Spiralian Signaling Systems

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 38(11), С. 4847 - 4866

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2021

Neuropeptides are diverse signaling molecules in animals commonly acting through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). and their underwent extensive diversification bilaterians the relationships of many peptide-receptor systems have been clarified. However, we lack a detailed picture neuropeptide evolution lophotrochozoans as in-depth studies only exist for mollusks annelids. Here, analyze peptidergic Nemertea, Brachiopoda, Phoronida. We screened transcriptomes from 13 nemertean, 6 brachiopod, 4 phoronid species proneuropeptides GPCRs. With mass spectrometry nemertean Lineus longissimus, validated several predicted peptides identified novel ones. Molecular phylogeny combined with peptide-sequence gene-structure comparisons allowed us to comprehensively map spiralian evolution. found most mollusk annelid also nemerteans, brachiopods, phoronids. uncovered previously hidden including orthologies CCWamides arthropod agatoxin-like APGWamides RGWamides annelids, ortholog that pleurin neuropeptides present nemerteans brachiopods. cases gene family duplications losses. These include protostome-specific expansion RFamide/Wamide signaling, GnRH-related peptides, vasopressin/oxytocin before divergence phoronids, nemerteans. This analysis expands our knowledge spiralians other protostomes. Our annotated data set nearly 1,300 proneuropeptide sequences 600 GPCRs presents useful resource further signaling.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanism of barotaxis in marine zooplankton

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Abstract Hydrostatic pressure is a dominant environmental cue for vertically migrating marine organisms but the physiological mechanisms of responding to changes remain unclear. Here we uncovered cellular and circuit bases barokinetic response in planktonic larva annelid Platynereis dumerilii . Increased induced rapid, graded adapting upward swimming due faster beating cilia head multiciliary band. By calcium imaging, found that brain ciliary photoreceptors showed changes. The animals mutant opsin-1 had smaller sensory compartment larvae diminished responses. synaptically connect band via serotonergic motoneurons. Genetic inhibition cells blocked pressure-dependent increases beating. We conclude function as sensors activate through signalling during barokinesis.

Язык: Английский

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Synaptic connectome of a neurosecretory network in the Drosophila brain

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

Abstract Hormones mediate inter-organ signaling which is crucial in orchestrating diverse behaviors and physiological processes including sleep activity, feeding, growth, metabolism reproduction. The pars intercerebralis lateralis insects represent major hubs contain neurosecretory cells (NSC) that produce various hormones. To obtain insight into how hormonal regulated, we have characterized the synaptic connectome of NSC adult Drosophila brain. Identification neurons providing inputs to multiple subtypes implicates diuretic hormone 44-expressing as a coordinator physiology behavior. Surprisingly, despite most having dendrites subesophageal zone (primary taste processing center), gustatory are largely indirect. We also deciphered pathways via olfactory relayed NSC. Further, our analyses revealed substantial from descending NSC, suggesting regulate both endocrine motor output synchronize changes with appropriate behaviors. In contrast inputs, sparse mostly mediated by corazonin Therefore, additionally determine putative paracrine interconnectivity between peripheral tissues analyzing single-cell transcriptomic datasets. Our comprehensive characterization network provides platform understand complex networks they orchestrate animal physiology.

Язык: Английский

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Neuropeptide signaling network of Caenorhabditis elegans: from structure to behavior

Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024

Abstract Neuropeptides are abundant signaling molecules that control neuronal activity and behavior in all animals. Owing part to its well-defined compact nervous system, Caenorhabditis elegans has been one of the primary model organisms used investigate how neuropeptide networks organized these neurochemicals regulate behavior. We here review recent work expanded our understanding neuropeptidergic network C. by mapping evolutionary conservation, molecular expression, receptor–ligand interactions, system-wide organization pathways system. also describe general insights into circuit motifs spatiotemporal range peptidergic transmission have emerged from vivo studies on signaling. With efforts ongoing chart peptide other organisms, connectome can serve as a prototype further understand dynamics at organismal level.

Язык: Английский

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