Leptin and the endocrine control of energy balance

Nature Metabolism, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 1(8), С. 754 - 764

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The connectome of an insect brain

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 379(6636)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Brains contain networks of interconnected neurons and so knowing the network architecture is essential for understanding brain function. We therefore mapped synaptic-resolution connectome an entire insect ( Drosophila larva) with rich behavior, including learning, value computation, action selection, comprising 3016 548,000 synapses. characterized neuron types, hubs, feedforward feedback pathways, as well cross-hemisphere brain-nerve cord interactions. found pervasive multisensory interhemispheric integration, highly recurrent architecture, abundant from descending neurons, multiple novel circuit motifs. The brain’s most circuits comprised input output learning center. Some structural features, multilayer shortcuts nested loops, resembled state-of-the-art deep architectures. identified provides a basis future experimental theoretical studies neural circuits.

Язык: Английский

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Information flow, cell types and stereotypy in a full olfactory connectome

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Май 25, 2021

The

Язык: Английский

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Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

Abstract Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analyzing electron microscopic (EM) brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of brains reconstruct local connectivity maps that are highly informative, yet inadequate for understanding function more globally. Here, we present the first neuronal wiring diagram a whole adult brain, containing 5×10 7 chemical synapses ∼130,000 reconstructed from female Drosophila melanogaster . The resource also incorporates annotations cell classes types, nerves, hemilineages, predictions neurotransmitter identities. Data products available download, programmatic access, interactive browsing made interoperable with other fly data resources. We show how derive projectome, map projections regions, connectome. demonstrate tracing synaptic pathways analysis information flow inputs (sensory ascending neurons) outputs (motor, endocrine, descending neurons), across both hemispheres, central optic lobes. Tracing subset photoreceptors all way motor illustrates structure uncover putative circuit mechanisms underlying sensorimotor behaviors. technologies open ecosystem FlyWire Consortium set stage future large-scale connectome projects in species.

Язык: Английский

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Food hardness preference reveals multisensory contributions of fly larval gustatory organs in behaviour and physiology

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1), С. e3002730 - e3002730

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Food presents a multisensory experience, with visual, taste, and olfactory cues being important in allowing an animal to determine the safety nutritional value of given substance. Texture, however, remains surprisingly unexplored aspect, despite providing key information about state food through properties such as hardness, liquidity, granularity. perception is achieved by specialised sensory neurons, which themselves are defined receptor genes they express. While it was assumed that neurons respond one or few closely related stimuli, more recent findings challenge this notion support evidence certain broadly tuned. In Drosophila taste system, gustatory opposing hedonic valence cues. Here, we identified larvae ingest navigate towards specific substrate hardnesses probed role organs behaviour. By developing genetic tool targeting specifically organs, show these major contributors for evaluation hardness ingestion decision-making. We find ablation not only results loss chemosensation, but also navigation preference varied hardnesses. Furthermore, primary organ exhibit concurrent physiological responses mechanical multimodal stimulation. individual house independent mechanisms multiple modalities, challenging assumptions capabilities neurons. propose further investigations, across kingdom, may reveal higher complexity than currently anticipated.

Язык: Английский

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The nonhuman primate neuroimaging and neuroanatomy project

NeuroImage, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 229, С. 117726 - 117726

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2021

Multi-modal neuroimaging projects such as the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and UK Biobank are advancing our understanding of human brain architecture, function, connectivity, their variability across individuals using high-quality non-invasive data from many subjects. Such efforts depend upon accuracy imaging measures. However, 'ground truth' validation connectivity invasive tracers is not feasible in humans. Studies nonhuman primates (NHPs) enable comparisons between measures, including exploration how "functional connectivity" fMRI "tractographic diffusion MRI compare with long-distance connections measured tract tracing. Our NonHuman Primate Neuroimaging & Neuroanatomy (NHP_NNP) an international effort (6 laboratories 5 countries) to: (i) acquire analyze multi-modal macaque marmoset monkeys protocols methods adapted HCP; (ii) quantitative tract-tracing for cortical subcortical projections to areas; (iii) map distributions different cell types immunocytochemical stains better define areal boundaries. We acquiring high-resolution structural, functional, together behavioral measures over 100 individual macaques marmosets order generate architecture myelin thickness maps, well functional tractography-based connectomes. classical next-generation anatomical maps based on brain-wide counting labeled neurons, providing ground truth connectivity. Advanced statistical modeling techniques address consistency both kinds individuals, allowing comparison tracer-based MRI-based aim develop improved atlases by combining histological methods. Finally, we collecting genetic sociality-associated all animals understand variation shapes connectome behavior.

Язык: Английский

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A neuropeptidergic circuit gates selective escape behavior of Drosophila larvae

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(1), С. 149 - 163.e8

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Classification and genetic targeting of cell types in the primary taste and premotor center of the adult Drosophila brain

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2021

Neural circuits carry out complex computations that allow animals to evaluate food, select mates, move toward attractive stimuli, and away from threats. In insects, the subesophageal zone (SEZ) is a brain region receives gustatory, pheromonal, mechanosensory inputs contributes control of diverse behaviors, including feeding, grooming, locomotion. Despite its importance in sensorimotor transformations, study SEZ has been hindered by limited knowledge underlying diversity neurons. Here, we generate collection split-GAL4 lines provides precise genetic targeting 138 different cell types adult Drosophila melanogaster, comprising approximately one third all We characterize single-cell anatomy these neurons find they cluster morphology into six supergroups organize discrete anatomical domains. majority local interneurons are not classically polarized, suggesting rich processing, whereas projection tend be conveying information number higher regions. This insight organization generates resources will facilitate further their contributions sensory processing behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Whole-body connectome of a segmented annelid larva

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 17, 2024

Abstract Nervous systems coordinate effectors across the body during movements. We know little about cellular-level structure of synaptic circuits for such body-wide control. Here we describe whole-body connectome a segmented larva marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii . reconstructed and annotated over 9,000 neuronal non-neuronal cells in serial electron microscopy dataset. Differentiated were classified into 202 92 cell types. analyse modularity, multisensory integration, left-right intersegmental connectivity motor ciliated cells, glands, pigment muscles. identify several segment-specific types, demonstrating heteromery larval trunk. At same time, segmentally repeated types head, trunk segments pygidium suggest homology all segmental regions. also report descending ascending pathways, peptidergic multi-modal mechanosensory girdle. Our work provides basis understanding coordination an entire animal.

Язык: Английский

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Useful road maps: studying Drosophila larva’s central nervous system with the help of connectomics

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 65, С. 129 - 137

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2020

The larva of Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a powerful model system for comprehensive brain-wide understanding the circuit implementation neural computations. With an unprecedented amount tools in hand, including synaptic-resolution connectomics, whole-brain imaging, and genetic selective targeting single neuron types, it possible to dissect which circuits computations are at work behind behaviors that have interesting level complexity. Here we present some recent advances regarding multisensory integration, learning, action selection larva.

Язык: Английский

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