Pre‐stimulus activities affect subsequent visual processing: Empirical evidence and potential neural mechanisms

Brain and Behavior, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract Purpose Humans obtain most of their information from visual stimuli. The perception these stimuli may be modulated by the ongoing pre‐stimulus brain activities. Depending on task design, processing different cognitive functions such as spatial attention, feature‐based temporal arousal, and mental imagery start prior to stimulus onset. Method This process is typically accompanied changes in oscillatory activities including power, phase, or connectivity frequency bands. To explain effect changes, several mechanisms have been proposed. In this article, we review potential context enabled functions. We provide evidence both favor against documented conclude that no single mechanism can solely delineate effects later processing. Instead, multiple work tandem guide Finding Additionally, our findings indicate many studies a combination begins Conclusion Thus, dissociating challenging based current literature, need for precise designs differentiate between them crucial.

Язык: Английский

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Standard multiscale entropy reflects neural dynamics at mismatched temporal scales: What’s signal irregularity got to do with it?

PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 16(5), С. e1007885 - e1007885

Опубликована: Май 11, 2020

Multiscale Entropy (MSE) is used to characterize the temporal irregularity of neural time series patterns. Due its’ presumed sensitivity non-linear signal characteristics, MSE typically considered a complementary measure brain dynamics variance and spectral power. However, divergence between these measures often unclear in application. Furthermore, it commonly assumed (yet sparingly verified) that entropy estimated at specific scales reflects those precise function. We argue such assumptions are not tenable. Using simulated empirical electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 47 younger 52 older adults, we indicate strong previously underappreciated associations power, highlight how links preclude traditional interpretations scales. Specifically, show typical definition patterns via “similarity bounds” biases coarse scales–that thought reflect slow dynamics–by high-frequency dynamics. Moreover, demonstrate fine scales–presumed fast dynamics–is highly sensitive broadband dominated by low-frequency contributions. Jointly, issues produce counterintuitive reflections frequency-specific content on emphasize resulting inferential problems conceptual replication cross-sectional age differences rest, which scale-specific effects could be explained power mismatched may alleviated, indication rhythmic irregularity. By controlling for narrowband contributions, spontaneous alpha rhythms during eyes open rest transiently reduce Finally, recommend best practices better permit valid estimation interpretation interest.

Язык: Английский

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Spectral signature and behavioral consequence of spontaneous shifts of pupil-linked arousal in human

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021

Arousal levels perpetually rise and fall spontaneously. How markers of arousal—pupil size frequency content brain activity—relate to each other influence behavior in humans is poorly understood. We simultaneously monitored magnetoencephalography pupil healthy volunteers at rest during a visual perceptual decision-making task. Spontaneously varying correlates with power activity most bands across large-scale resting state cortical networks. Pupil recorded prestimulus baseline subsequent shifts detection bias ( c ) sensitivity d ’). When dissociated from pupil-linked state, spectral networks still predicts behavior. Fast spontaneous constriction dilation correlate as well but not Our results illuminate the relation between central peripheral arousal their respective roles human decision-making.

Язык: Английский

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Neural attentional-filter mechanisms of listening success in middle-aged and older individuals

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2021

Abstract Successful listening crucially depends on intact attentional filters that separate relevant from irrelevant information. Research into their neurobiological implementation has focused two potential auditory filter strategies: the lateralization of alpha power and selective neural speech tracking. However, functional interplay strategies potency to index success in an ageing population remains unclear. Using electroencephalography a dual-talker task representative sample listeners (N = 155; age=39–80 years), we here demonstrate often-missed link single-trial behavioural outcomes back trial-by-trial changes filtering. First, observe preserved attentional–cue-driven modulation both across chronological age hearing levels. Second, states vary independently one another, demonstrating complementary solutions spatial attention. Stronger tracking but not boosts trial-to-trial performance. Our results highlight translational as individualized marker adaptive behaviour.

Язык: Английский

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Deep brain stimulation of the central thalamus restores arousal and motivation in a zolpidem-responsive patient with akinetic mutism after severe brain injury

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Abstract After severe brain injury, zolpidem is known to cause spectacular, often short-lived, restorations of functions in a small subgroup patients. Previously, we showed that these zolpidem-induced neurological recoveries can be paralleled by significant changes functional connectivity throughout the brain. Deep stimulation (DBS) neurosurgical intervention modulate wide variety disorders. In this study, used DBS restore arousal and motivation zolpidem-responsive patient with injury concomitant disorder diminished motivation, more than 10 years after surviving hypoxic ischemia. We found central thalamus, targeted at centromedian-parafascicular complex, immediately restored was able transition from state deep sleep full wakefulness. Moreover, associated temporary restoration communication ability walk eat an otherwise wheelchair-bound mute patient. With use magnetoencephalography (MEG), revealed generally marked decrease aberrantly high levels brain, mimicking effects zolpidem. These results imply ‘pathological hyperconnectivity’ reduced behavioral performance towards ‘healthier baseline’ lower synchronization, and, networks long injury. The presence hyperconnectivity may possible future marker for patient’s responsiveness restorative interventions, such as DBS, suggests degrees overall synchronization conducive cognition responsiveness.

Язык: Английский

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