The ascending arousal system shapes neural dynamics to mediate awareness of cognitive states

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2021

Abstract Models of cognitive function typically focus on the cerebral cortex and hence overlook functional links to subcortical structures. This view does not consider role highly-conserved ascending arousal system’s computational capacities it provides brain. We test hypothesis that system modulates cortical neural gain alter low-dimensional energy landscape dynamics. Here we use spontaneous magnetic resonance imaging data study phasic bursts in both locus coeruleus basal forebrain, demonstrating precise time-locked relationships between brainstem activity, landscapes, network topology, spatiotemporal travelling waves. extend our analysis a cohort experienced meditators demonstrate coeruleus-mediated dynamics were associated with internal shifts conscious awareness. Together, these results present brain organization highlights shaping

Язык: Английский

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Pupil diameter is not an accurate real-time readout of locus coeruleus activity

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2022

Pupil diameter is often treated as a noninvasive readout of activity in the locus coeruleus (LC). However, how accurately it can be used to index LC not known. To address this question, we established graded relationship between pupil size changes and spiking mice, where dilation increased monotonically with number spikes. exists substantial variability such that only predict small fraction on moment-by-moment basis. In addition, exhibited large session-to-session fluctuations response identical optical stimulation LC. The variations pupil-LC were strongly correlated decision bias-related behavioral variables. Together, our data show an overall activity, further suggest dynamically modulated by brain states, supporting extending previous findings (Yang et al., 2021).

Язык: Английский

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A disinhibitory circuit mechanism explains a general principle of peak performance during mid-level arousal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(5)

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Perceptual decision-making is highly dependent on the momentary arousal state of brain, which fluctuates over time a scale hours, minutes, and even seconds. The textbook relationship between task performance captured by an inverted U-shape, as put forward in Yerkes–Dodson law. This law suggests optimal at moderate levels impaired low or high levels. However, despite its popularity, evidence for this humans mixed best. Here, we use pupil-indexed data from various perceptual tasks to provide converging U-shaped spontaneous fluctuations across different decision types (discrimination, detection) sensory modalities (visual, auditory). To further understand relationship, built neurobiologically plausible mechanistic model show that it possible reproduce our findings incorporating two interneurons are both modulated signal. architecture produces dynamical regimes under influence arousal: one regime increases with another decreases arousal, together forming arousal–performance relationship. We conclude general robust property processing. It might be brought about act disinhibitory pathway neural populations encode available used decision.

Язык: Английский

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Neurobehavioral meaning of pupil size

Neuron, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(20), С. 3381 - 3395

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

Pupil size is a widely used metric of brain state. It one the few signals originating from that can be readily monitored with low-cost devices in basic science, clinical, and home settings. is, therefore, important to investigate generate well-defined theories related specific interpretations this metric. What exactly does it tell us about brain? Pupils constrict response light dilate during darkness, but also controls pupil irrespective luminosity. fluctuations resulting ongoing "brain states" are as arousal, what pupil-linked arousal how should interpreted neural, cognitive, computational terms? Here, we discuss some recent findings these issues. We identify open questions propose answer them through combination tasks, neurocomputational models, neurophysiological probing interconnected loops causes consequences size.

Язык: Английский

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The role of norepinephrine in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 118, С. 298 - 314

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2020

Several lines of evidence have suggested for decades a role norepinephrine (NE) in the pathophysiology and treatment schizophrenia. Recent experimental findings reveal anatomical physiological properties locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system its involvement brain function cognition. Here, we integrate these two evidence. First, review functional structural LC-NE impact on networks, cognition, stress, with special emphasis recent theoretical advances. Subsequently, present an update about LC-associated functions schizophrenia, focusing cognitive motivational deficits. We propose that schizophrenia phenomenology, particular symptoms, may be explained by abnormal interaction between genetic susceptibility stress-initiated dysfunction. This turn, leads to imbalance LC activity modes, dysfunctional regulation network integration neural gain, deficits functions. Finally, suggest how development approaches can used characterize

Язык: Английский

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Computation noise in human learning and decision-making: origin, impact, function

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 38, С. 124 - 132

Опубликована: Март 14, 2021

Making sense of uncertain and volatile environments, a cognitive process modeled across domains as statistical inference, constitutes difficult yet ubiquitous challenge for human intelligence. Beside sensory errors exploratory choices, recent research has identified the limited computational precision inference surprisingly large contributor to variability suboptimality perceptual reward-guided decisions made under uncertainty. This focused review discusses theoretical experimental evidence scattered psychology neuroscience which, taken together, provides key insights into origin, impact function this ‘computation noise’ learning decision-making. Moving beyond classical description internal noise performance-limiting constraint on neural cognition, we outline possible emergent benefits computation adaptive behavior in adverse conditions highlight open questions future research.

Язык: Английский

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From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data

Behavior Research Methods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 56(3), С. 1376 - 1412

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2023

The pupil of the eye provides a rich source information for cognitive scientists, as it can index variety bodily states (e.g., arousal, fatigue) and processes attention, decision-making). As pupillometry becomes more accessible popular methodology, researchers have proposed techniques analyzing data. Here, we focus on time series-based, signal-to-signal approaches that enable one to relate dynamic changes in size over with stimulus series, continuous behavioral outcome measures, or other participants' traces. We first introduce pupillometry, its neural underpinnings, relation between measurements oculomotor behaviors blinks, saccades), stress importance understanding what is being measured be inferred from pupillary activity. Next, discuss possible pre-processing steps, contexts which they may necessary. Finally, turn analytic techniques, including regression-based approaches, time-warping, phase clustering, detrended fluctuation analysis, recurrence quantification analysis. Assumptions these examples scientific questions each address, are outlined, references key papers software packages. Additionally, provide detailed code tutorial steps through figures this paper. Ultimately, contend insights gained constrained by analysis used, offer means generate novel taking into account understudied spectro-temporal relationships signal signals interest.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid fluctuations in functional connectivity of cortical networks encode spontaneous behavior

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(1), С. 148 - 158

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Multiple routes to enhanced memory for emotionally relevant events

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(9), С. 867 - 882

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Neuromodulation of Neural Oscillations in Health and Disease

Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 371 - 371

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2023

Using EEG and local field potentials (LFPs) as an index of large-scale neural activities, research has been able to associate oscillations in different frequency bands with markers cognitive functions, goal-directed behavior, various neurological disorders. While this gives us a glimpse into how neurons communicate throughout the brain, causality these synchronized network activities remains poorly understood. Moreover, effect major neuromodulatory systems (e.g., noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic) on brain drawn much attention. More recent studies have suggested that cross-frequency coupling (CFC) is heavily responsible for mediating network-wide communication across subcortical cortical structures, implicating importance neurotransmitters shaping coordinated actions. By bringing light role each system plays regulating brain-wide oscillations, we hope paint clearer picture pivotal play variety functions disorders, neuromodulation techniques can be optimized means controlling dynamics. The aim review showcase important dynamics, informing future pay close attention their involvement specific features associated behaviors.

Язык: Английский

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