Genetic conflicts between sex chromosomes drive expansion and loss of sperm nuclear basic protein genes in Drosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2022

Abstract Many animal species employ short, positively charged proteins, called sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs) or protamines, for tighter packaging of genomes in sperm. SNBP repertoires differ dramatically across lineages and signatures rapid evolution have been reported mammals. Both competition meiotic drive between sex chromosomes proposed as causes innovation. We used a phylogenomic approach to investigate diversification its underlying Drosophila species. found unambiguous positive selection most genes except essential male fertility D. melanogaster . Unexpectedly, evolutionarily young are more likely encode functions than ancient, conserved like CG30056 , which we is dispensable despite universal retention 19 independent amplification events involving eight that occurred preferentially on 78 Conversely, otherwise-conserved were lost the montium group species, coincident with an X-Y chromosomal fusion. Furthermore, became linked via fusions prone degenerate relocate back autosomes. hypothesize ancestrally encoded by autosomes suppress drive, whereas sex-chromosomal expansions directly participate drive. render autosomal SNBPs making X-versus-Y obsolete costly. conclude driven genetic conflicts during spermatogenesis

Язык: Английский

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Transposable elements drive the evolution of metazoan zinc finger genes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2022

Abstract Cys2-His2 Zinc finger genes (ZNFs) form the largest family of transcription factors in metazoans. ZNF evolution is highly dynamic and characterized by rapid expansion contraction numerous subfamilies across animal phylogeny. The forces mechanisms underlying remain poorly understood, but there growing evidence that targeting repression lineage-specific transposable elements (TEs) plays a major role diversification Kruppel-associated box (KZNF) subfamily, which predominates tetrapod genomes. At present, it unknown whether this function co-evolutionary relationship unique to KZNFs, or broader feature metazoan ZNFs. Here, we present genomic conflict with TEs has been central driver ZNFs animals. Sampling from more than 4000 genome assemblies, show copy number retroelements correlates at least 750 million years evolution, both within between taxonomic groups. Using computational predictions, preferentially bind diverse set representative species. We further investigate one most expansive found cyprinid fish, are conserved domain dubbed Fi sh N -terminal Z inc-finger associated (FiNZ) domain. FiNZ-ZNFs have dramatically expanded several fish species, including zebrafish predict ~700 FiNZ-ZNF genes. Almost all located on long arm chromosome 4, recent duplicates evolving adaptively under positive selection. Like mammalian bulk expressed waves onset zygotic activation. Blocking translation using morpholinos during early embryogenesis results global de-repression young, transcriptionally active TEs, likely driven failure establish heterochromatin over these elements. Together, data suggest intimately connected TE throughout families deployed independently mammals repress embryogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Twenty-seven ZAD-ZNF genes of Drosophila melanogaster are orthologous to the embryo polarity determining mosquito gene cucoid

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(1), С. e0274716 - e0274716

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2023

The C2H2 zinc finger gene cucoid establishes anterior-posterior (AP) polarity in the early embryo of culicine mosquitoes. This is unrelated to genes that establish other fly species (Diptera), such as homeobox bicoid, which serves this function traditional model organism Drosophila melanogaster. a conserved single copy across lower dipterans but nothing known about its species, and evolution higher dipterans, including Drosophila, unresolved. We found member ZAD-containing (ZAD-ZNF) family orthologous 27 91 members D. melanogaster, M1BP, ranshi, ouib, nom, zaf1, odj, Nnk, trem, Zif, eighteen uncharacterized genes. Available knowledge functions orthologs melanogaster suggest progenitor lineage specific expansion may have played role regulating chromatin. also describe many aspects duplication history brachyceran thereby providing framework for predicting potential redundancies among these

Язык: Английский

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An RNA-interference screen in Drosophila to identify ZAD-containing C2H2 zinc finger genes that function in female germ cells

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2020

The zinc finger-associated domain (ZAD) is present in over 90 C2H2 finger (ZNF) proteins. Despite their abundance, only a few ZAD-ZNF genes have been characterized to date. Here, we systematically analyze the function of 68 Drosophila female germ cells by performing an vivo RNA-interference screen. We identified eight required for oogenesis, and based on further characterization knockdown phenotypes, uncovered defects broadly consistent with functions cell specification and/or survival, early differentiation, egg chamber maturation. These results provide candidate pool future studies aimed at functionalization this large but poorly gene family.

Язык: Английский

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The Drosophila ZAD zinc finger protein Kipferl guides Rhino to piRNA clusters

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 9, 2022

SUMMARY RNA interference systems depend on the synthesis of small precursors whose sequences define target spectrum these silencing pathways. The Drosophila Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) variant Rhino permits transcription PIWI-interacting (piRNA) within transposon-rich heterochromatic loci in germline cells. Current models propose that Rhino’s specific chromatin occupancy at piRNA source is determined by histone marks and maternally inherited piRNAs, but also imply existence other, undiscovered specificity cues. Here, we identify a member diverse family zinc finger associated domain (ZAD)-C 2 H proteins, Kipferl, as critical cofactor ovaries. By binding to guanosine-rich DNA motifs interacting with chromodomain, Kipferl recruits stabilizes it chromatin. In kipferl mutant flies, lost from most its instead accumulates pericentromeric satellite arrays, resulting decreased levels transposon targeting piRNAs impaired fertility. Our findings reveal sequence, addition H3K9me3 mark, determines identity provide insight into how might be caught crossfire genetic conflicts.

Язык: Английский

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