bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 9, 2022
SUMMARY
RNA
interference
systems
depend
on
the
synthesis
of
small
precursors
whose
sequences
define
target
spectrum
these
silencing
pathways.
The
Drosophila
Heterochromatin
Protein
1
(HP1)
variant
Rhino
permits
transcription
PIWI-interacting
(piRNA)
within
transposon-rich
heterochromatic
loci
in
germline
cells.
Current
models
propose
that
Rhino’s
specific
chromatin
occupancy
at
piRNA
source
is
determined
by
histone
marks
and
maternally
inherited
piRNAs,
but
also
imply
existence
other,
undiscovered
specificity
cues.
Here,
we
identify
a
member
diverse
family
zinc
finger
associated
domain
(ZAD)-C
2
H
proteins,
Kipferl,
as
critical
cofactor
ovaries.
By
binding
to
guanosine-rich
DNA
motifs
interacting
with
chromodomain,
Kipferl
recruits
stabilizes
it
chromatin.
In
kipferl
mutant
flies,
lost
from
most
its
instead
accumulates
pericentromeric
satellite
arrays,
resulting
decreased
levels
transposon
targeting
piRNAs
impaired
fertility.
Our
findings
reveal
sequence,
addition
H3K9me3
mark,
determines
identity
provide
insight
into
how
might
be
caught
crossfire
genetic
conflicts.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2022
Abstract
Many
animal
species
employ
short,
positively
charged
proteins,
called
sperm
nuclear
basic
proteins
(SNBPs)
or
protamines,
for
tighter
packaging
of
genomes
in
sperm.
SNBP
repertoires
differ
dramatically
across
lineages
and
signatures
rapid
evolution
have
been
reported
mammals.
Both
competition
meiotic
drive
between
sex
chromosomes
proposed
as
causes
innovation.
We
used
a
phylogenomic
approach
to
investigate
diversification
its
underlying
Drosophila
species.
found
unambiguous
positive
selection
most
genes
except
essential
male
fertility
D.
melanogaster
.
Unexpectedly,
evolutionarily
young
are
more
likely
encode
functions
than
ancient,
conserved
like
CG30056
,
which
we
is
dispensable
despite
universal
retention
19
independent
amplification
events
involving
eight
that
occurred
preferentially
on
78
Conversely,
otherwise-conserved
were
lost
the
montium
group
species,
coincident
with
an
X-Y
chromosomal
fusion.
Furthermore,
became
linked
via
fusions
prone
degenerate
relocate
back
autosomes.
hypothesize
ancestrally
encoded
by
autosomes
suppress
drive,
whereas
sex-chromosomal
expansions
directly
participate
drive.
render
autosomal
SNBPs
making
X-versus-Y
obsolete
costly.
conclude
driven
genetic
conflicts
during
spermatogenesis
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2022
Abstract
Cys2-His2
Zinc
finger
genes
(ZNFs)
form
the
largest
family
of
transcription
factors
in
metazoans.
ZNF
evolution
is
highly
dynamic
and
characterized
by
rapid
expansion
contraction
numerous
subfamilies
across
animal
phylogeny.
The
forces
mechanisms
underlying
remain
poorly
understood,
but
there
growing
evidence
that
targeting
repression
lineage-specific
transposable
elements
(TEs)
plays
a
major
role
diversification
Kruppel-associated
box
(KZNF)
subfamily,
which
predominates
tetrapod
genomes.
At
present,
it
unknown
whether
this
function
co-evolutionary
relationship
unique
to
KZNFs,
or
broader
feature
metazoan
ZNFs.
Here,
we
present
genomic
conflict
with
TEs
has
been
central
driver
ZNFs
animals.
Sampling
from
more
than
4000
genome
assemblies,
show
copy
number
retroelements
correlates
at
least
750
million
years
evolution,
both
within
between
taxonomic
groups.
Using
computational
predictions,
preferentially
bind
diverse
set
representative
species.
We
further
investigate
one
most
expansive
found
cyprinid
fish,
are
conserved
domain
dubbed
Fi
sh
N
-terminal
Z
inc-finger
associated
(FiNZ)
domain.
FiNZ-ZNFs
have
dramatically
expanded
several
fish
species,
including
zebrafish
predict
~700
FiNZ-ZNF
genes.
Almost
all
located
on
long
arm
chromosome
4,
recent
duplicates
evolving
adaptively
under
positive
selection.
Like
mammalian
bulk
expressed
waves
onset
zygotic
activation.
Blocking
translation
using
morpholinos
during
early
embryogenesis
results
global
de-repression
young,
transcriptionally
active
TEs,
likely
driven
failure
establish
heterochromatin
over
these
elements.
Together,
data
suggest
intimately
connected
TE
throughout
families
deployed
independently
mammals
repress
embryogenesis.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
18(1), С. e0274716 - e0274716
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2023
The
C2H2
zinc
finger
gene
cucoid
establishes
anterior-posterior
(AP)
polarity
in
the
early
embryo
of
culicine
mosquitoes.
This
is
unrelated
to
genes
that
establish
other
fly
species
(Diptera),
such
as
homeobox
bicoid,
which
serves
this
function
traditional
model
organism
Drosophila
melanogaster.
a
conserved
single
copy
across
lower
dipterans
but
nothing
known
about
its
species,
and
evolution
higher
dipterans,
including
Drosophila,
unresolved.
We
found
member
ZAD-containing
(ZAD-ZNF)
family
orthologous
27
91
members
D.
melanogaster,
M1BP,
ranshi,
ouib,
nom,
zaf1,
odj,
Nnk,
trem,
Zif,
eighteen
uncharacterized
genes.
Available
knowledge
functions
orthologs
melanogaster
suggest
progenitor
lineage
specific
expansion
may
have
played
role
regulating
chromatin.
also
describe
many
aspects
duplication
history
brachyceran
thereby
providing
framework
for
predicting
potential
redundancies
among
these
G3 Genes Genomes Genetics,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2020
The
zinc
finger-associated
domain
(ZAD)
is
present
in
over
90
C2H2
finger
(ZNF)
proteins.
Despite
their
abundance,
only
a
few
ZAD-ZNF
genes
have
been
characterized
to
date.
Here,
we
systematically
analyze
the
function
of
68
Drosophila
female
germ
cells
by
performing
an
vivo
RNA-interference
screen.
We
identified
eight
required
for
oogenesis,
and
based
on
further
characterization
knockdown
phenotypes,
uncovered
defects
broadly
consistent
with
functions
cell
specification
and/or
survival,
early
differentiation,
egg
chamber
maturation.
These
results
provide
candidate
pool
future
studies
aimed
at
functionalization
this
large
but
poorly
gene
family.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 9, 2022
SUMMARY
RNA
interference
systems
depend
on
the
synthesis
of
small
precursors
whose
sequences
define
target
spectrum
these
silencing
pathways.
The
Drosophila
Heterochromatin
Protein
1
(HP1)
variant
Rhino
permits
transcription
PIWI-interacting
(piRNA)
within
transposon-rich
heterochromatic
loci
in
germline
cells.
Current
models
propose
that
Rhino’s
specific
chromatin
occupancy
at
piRNA
source
is
determined
by
histone
marks
and
maternally
inherited
piRNAs,
but
also
imply
existence
other,
undiscovered
specificity
cues.
Here,
we
identify
a
member
diverse
family
zinc
finger
associated
domain
(ZAD)-C
2
H
proteins,
Kipferl,
as
critical
cofactor
ovaries.
By
binding
to
guanosine-rich
DNA
motifs
interacting
with
chromodomain,
Kipferl
recruits
stabilizes
it
chromatin.
In
kipferl
mutant
flies,
lost
from
most
its
instead
accumulates
pericentromeric
satellite
arrays,
resulting
decreased
levels
transposon
targeting
piRNAs
impaired
fertility.
Our
findings
reveal
sequence,
addition
H3K9me3
mark,
determines
identity
provide
insight
into
how
might
be
caught
crossfire
genetic
conflicts.