The assembly, regulation and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(2), С. 141 - 161

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of a minimal cell

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 620(7972), С. 122 - 127

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2023

Abstract Possessing only essential genes, a minimal cell can reveal mechanisms and processes that are critical for the persistence stability of life 1,2 . Here we report on how an engineered 3,4 contends with forces evolution compared Mycoplasma mycoides non-minimal from which it was synthetically derived. Mutation rates were highest among all reported bacteria, but not affected by genome minimization. Genome streamlining costly, leading to decrease in fitness greater than 50%, this deficit regained during 2,000 generations evolution. Despite selection acting distinct genetic targets, increases maximum growth rate synthetic cells comparable. Moreover, when performance assessed relative fitness, evolved 39% faster cell. The apparent constraint involved size. size increased 80%, whereas remained same. This pattern reflected epistatic effects mutations ftsZ , encodes tubulin-homologue protein regulates division morphology 5,6 Our findings demonstrate natural rapidly increase one simplest autonomously growing organisms. Understanding species small genomes overcome evolutionary challenges provides insights into host-associated endosymbionts, streamlined chassis biotechnology targeted refinement 2,7–9

Язык: Английский

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Revisiting the Design of the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

Journal of Molecular Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 91(3), С. 241 - 253

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Loss of Heterozygosity and Its Importance in Evolution

Journal of Molecular Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 91(3), С. 369 - 377

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023

Abstract Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a mitotic recombination event that converts heterozygous loci to homozygous loci. This mutation widespread in organisms have asexual reproduction like budding yeasts, and also an important frequent tumorigenesis. Mutation accumulation studies demonstrated LOH occurs at rate higher than the point rate, can impact large portions genome. Laboratory evolution experiments yeasts revealed often unmasks beneficial recessive alleles confer fitness advantages. Here, I highlight advances understanding dominance, fitness, phenotypes laboratory evolved yeast strains. discuss best practices for detecting intraspecific interspecific clones populations. Utilizing strain backgrounds offers opportunity advance our this type shaping adaptation genome wild, domesticated, clinical

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation to novel spatially-structured environments is driven by the capsule and alters virulence-associated traits

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2022

Abstract The extracellular capsule is a major virulence factor, but its ubiquity in free-living bacteria with large environmental breadths suggests that it shapes adaptation to novel niches. Yet, how does so, remains unexplored. Here, we evolve three Klebsiella strains and their mutants parallel. Their comparison reveals different phenotypic genotypic evolutionary changes alter virulence-associated traits. Non-capsulated populations accumulate mutations reduce exopolysaccharide production increase biofilm formation yield, whereas most capsulated become hypermucoviscous, signature of hypervirulence. Hence, environments primarily occurs by fine-tuning expression the capsular locus. same conditions selecting for gene wzc leading hypermucoviscosity also result increased susceptibility antibiotics ramA regulon. This implies general adaptive processes outside host can affect evolution role infection outcomes may be by-product such adaptation.

Язык: Английский

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A morphological basis for path-dependent evolution of visual systems

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 383(6686), С. 983 - 987

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Path dependence influences macroevolutionary predictability by constraining potential outcomes after critical evolutionary junctions. Although it has been demonstrated in laboratory experiments, path is difficult to demonstrate natural systems because of a lack independent replicates. Here, we show that two types distributed visual recently evolved twice within chitons, demonstrating rapid and path-dependent evolution complex trait. The type system chiton lineage can evolve constrained the number openings for sensory nerves its shell plates. Lineages with more thousands eyespots, whereas those fewer hundreds eyes. These shaped are both deterministic stochastic possibilities restricted yet not entirely predictable.

Язык: Английский

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The dynamics of loss of heterozygosity events in genomes

EMBO Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Abstract Genomic instability is a hallmark of tumorigenesis, yet it also plays an essential role in evolution. Large-scale population genomics studies have highlighted the importance loss heterozygosity (LOH) events, which long been overlooked context genetic diversity and instability. Among various types genomic mutations, LOH events are most common affect larger portion genome. They typically arise from recombination-mediated repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) or lesions that processed into DSBs. critical drivers diversity, enabling rapid phenotypic variation contributing to tumorigenesis. Understanding accumulation LOH, along with its underlying mechanisms, distribution, consequences, therefore crucial. In this review, we explore spectrum their impact on fitness phenotype, drawing insights Saccharomyces cerevisiae cancer. We emphasize instability, disease, genome

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics and variability in the pleiotropic effects of adaptation in laboratory budding yeast populations

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2021

Evolutionary adaptation to a constant environment is driven by the accumulation of mutations which can have range unrealized pleiotropic effects in other environments. These consequences influence emergence specialists or generalists, and are critical for evolution temporally spatially fluctuating While many experiments examined at snapshot time, very few observed dynamics these emerge evolve. Here, we propagated hundreds diploid haploid laboratory budding yeast populations each three environments, then assayed their fitness multiple environments over 1000 generations evolution. We find that replicate evolved same condition share common patterns across within first several hundred However, also dynamic environment-specific variability trends: tends increase with extent depending on environment. results suggest shifting overlapping contributions chance contingency adaptation, could evolutionary trajectories complex fluctuate space time.

Язык: Английский

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How adaptive laboratory evolution can boost yeast tolerance to lignocellulosic hydrolyses

Current Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 68(3-4), С. 319 - 342

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The loci of environmental adaptation in a model eukaryote

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2024

Abstract While the underlying genetic changes have been uncovered in some cases of adaptive evolution, lack a systematic study prevents general understanding genomic basis adaptation. For example, it is unclear whether protein-coding or noncoding mutations are more important to evolution and adaptations different environments brought by distributed diverse genes biological processes concentrated core set. We here perform laboratory 3360 Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations 252 varying levels stress. find yeast be primarily fueled large-effect coding overrepresented relatively small gene set, despite prevalent antagonistic pleiotropy across environments. Populations generally adapt faster stressful environments, partly because greater benefits same These other findings from this model eukaryote help unravel principles environmental

Язык: Английский

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