The molecular basis of phenotypic evolution: beyond the usual suspects

Trends in Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A microRNA is the effector gene of a classic evolutionary hotspot locus

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 386(6726), С. 1135 - 1141

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2024

In Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), the genomic region around gene cortex is a “hotspot” locus, repeatedly implicated in generating intraspecific melanic wing color polymorphisms across 100 million years of evolution. However, identity effector regulating within this locus remains unknown. We show that none four candidate protein-coding genes including , serve as major effectors. Instead, microRNA (miRNA), mir-193 serves three deeply diverged lineages butterflies, its role conserved Drosophila . Lepidoptera, derived from gigantic primary long noncoding RNA, ivory it functions by directly repressing multiple pigmentation genes. miRNA can drive repeated instances adaptive evolution animals.

Язык: Английский

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A large deletion at the cortex locus eliminates butterfly wing patterning

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

Abstract As the genetic basis of natural and domesticated variation has been described in recent years, a number hotspot genes have repeatedly identified as targets selection, Heliconius butterflies display spectacular diversity pattern variants wild these patterns well-described. Here, we sought to identify mechanism behind an unusual variant that is instead found captivity, ivory mutant, which all scales on both wings body become white or yellow. Using combination autozygosity mapping coverage analysis from 37 captive individuals, 78-kb deletion at cortex wing patterning locus, gene associated with evolution H. melpomene 10 divergent lepidopteran species. This undetected among 458 genomes samples, its dosage explains homozygous heterozygous phenotypes captivity. The spans large 5′ region includes facultative 5′UTR exon detected larval disk transcriptomes. CRISPR mutagenesis this replicates coding knock-outs cortex, consistent functional role ivory-deleted elements establishing scale color fate. Population demographics reveal stock giving rise mutant mixed origin across range melpomene, supports scenario where mutation occurred after introduction haplotypes Ecuador. Homozygotes for are inviable while heterozygotes artificial joining 40 other examples allelic provide advantage animal populations under selection by fanciers breeders. Finally, our results highlight promise association identifying aberrant mutations insect populations.

Язык: Английский

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A butterfly pan-genome reveals that a large amount of structural variation underlies the evolution of chromatin accessibility

Genome Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(10), С. 1862 - 1875

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

Despite insertions and deletions being the most common structural variants (SVs) found across genomes, not much is known about how these SVs vary within populations between closely related species, nor their significance in evolution. To address questions, we characterized evolution of indel using genome assemblies three

Язык: Английский

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The ivory lncRNA regulates seasonal color patterns in buckeye butterflies

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(41)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed elements increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating gene expression. Thus far, however, we have little understanding of how lncRNAs contribute to evolution and adaptation. Here, show that a conserved lncRNA, ivory , is an important color patterning the buckeye butterfly Junonia coenia . overlaps with cortex locus linked multiple cases crypsis mimicry Lepidoptera. Along companion paper by Livraghi et al., argue not pattern interest at this locus. In J. cluster cis -regulatory (CREs) first intron genetically associated natural variation seasonal plasticity, targeted deletions these CREs phenocopy phenotypes. Deletions different produce other distinct phenotypes as well, including loss melanic eyespot rings, positive negative changes overall wing pigmentation. We transcription factors Spineless, Bric-a-brac, Ftz-f1 bind promoter during development, suggesting they directly regulate This case study demonstrates -regulation single RNA can exert diverse nuanced effects on development patterns, modulating seasonally plastic patterns.

Язык: Английский

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Oca2targeting using CRISPR/Cas9 in the Malawi cichlidAstatotilapia calliptera

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

Identifying genetic loci underlying trait variation provides insights into the mechanisms of diversification, but demonstrating causality and characterizing role requires testing candidate gene function, often in non-model species. Here we establish CRISPR/Cas9 editing Astatotilapia calliptera, a generalist cichlid remarkably diverse Lake Malawi radiation. By targeting oca2 required for melanin synthesis other vertebrate species, show efficient germline transmission. Gene edits include indels coding region, probably result non-homologous end joining, large deletion 3' untranslated region due to homology-directed repair. We find that knock-out A. calliptera lack melanin, which may be useful developmental imaging embryos studying colour pattern formation adults. As resembles presumed ancestor cichlids radiation, establishing genome this species will facilitate investigating speciation, adaptation diversification textbook

Язык: Английский

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The Developmental Origin of Novel Complex Morphological Traits in Lepidoptera

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 70(1), С. 421 - 439

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Novel traits in the order Lepidoptera include prolegs abdomen of larvae, scales, and eyespot band color patterns wings adults. We review recent work that investigates developmental origin diversification these four from a gene-regulatory network (GRN) perspective. While eyespots appear to derive distinct ancestral GRNs co-opted novel body regions, scales situ modifications sensory bristle GRN. The basal central symmetry systems bands on wing is associated with expression WntA gene those whereas more marginal depend two other genes, Distal-less spalt . Finally, several genes have been discovered play important roles regulating background color, via regulation pigmentation GRNs. identification shared cis- regulatory elements belonging helps trace evolutionary history traits. Future should examine extent which are co-opted/modified produce how map specific cell types derived

Язык: Английский

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The genetic basis of structural colour variation in mimetic Heliconius butterflies

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(1855)

Опубликована: Май 30, 2022

Structural colours, produced by the reflection of light from ultrastructures, have evolved multiple times in butterflies. Unlike pigmentary colours and patterns, little is known about genetic basis these colours. Reflective structures on wing-scale ridges are responsible for iridescent structural colour many butterflies, including Müllerian mimics Heliconius erato melpomene. Here, we quantify aspects scale ultrastructure variation crosses between non-iridescent subspecies both species perform quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. We show that has a complex species, with offspring having wide blue (both hue brightness) structure measurements. detect two different genomic regions each explain modest amounts this variation, sex-linked QTL H. but not also find differences relationships colour, overall suggesting followed evolutionary trajectories their evolution colour. then identify genes within intervals differentially expressed and/or wing regions, revealing likely candidates controlling formation. This article part theme issue 'Genetic adaptation speciation: loci to causative mutations'.

Язык: Английский

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Transposable Element Insertions Are Associated with Batesian Mimicry in the Pantropical Butterfly Hypolimnas misippus

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 41(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Hypolimnas misippus is a Batesian mimic of the toxic African Queen butterfly (Danaus chrysippus). Female H. butterflies use two major wing patterning loci (M and A) to imitate three color morphs D. chrysippus found in different regions Africa. In this study, we examine evolution M locus identify it as an example adaptive atavism. This phenomenon involves morphological reversion ancestral character that results phenotype. We show has re-evolved pattern present other species, repurposing for mimicry morph. Using haplotagging, linked-read sequencing technology, our new analytical tool, Wrath, discover large transposable element insertions located at establish these are dominant allele responsible producing mimetic By conducting comparative analysis involving additional demonstrate derived. suggests that, derived allele, elements disrupt cis-regulatory element, leading phenotype then utilized distinct model, morph chrysippus. Our findings compelling instance convergent atavism, which same independently evolved multiple times butterflies, repeatedly playing role diverse model species.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the patterns of evolution: Core thoughts and focus on the saltational model

Biosystems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 238, С. 105181 - 105181

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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