Rainforest transformation reallocates energy from green to brown food webs

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 627(8002), С. 116 - 122

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Abstract Terrestrial animal biodiversity is increasingly being lost because of land-use change 1,2 . However, functional and energetic consequences aboveground belowground across trophic levels in megadiverse tropical ecosystems remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed changes energy fluxes ‘green’ (canopy arthropods birds) ‘brown’ (soil earthworms) food webs rainforests plantations Sumatra, Indonesia. Our results showed that most the channelled to web. Oil palm rubber had similar or, case agroforest, higher total compared rainforest but key nodes were distinctly different: more than 90% flux was by soil canopy, whereas 50% allocated annelids (earthworms). Land-use led a consistent decline multitrophic aboveground, responded with reduced levels, down −90%, shifts from slow (fungal) fast (bacterial) channels faeces production towards consumption organic matter. This coincides previously reported carbon stock depletion 3 Here show well-documented declines 4–6 are associated vast restructuring ecosystem compartments.

Язык: Английский

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High litter quality enhances plant energy channeling by soil macro‐detritivores and lowers their trophic position

Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 106(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract Detritus‐based resources, that is, plant litter, are a major energy source for many living organisms and considered to be key determinant of primary production nutrient cycling. Earthworms among the most important macro‐detritivores in terrestrial food webs play crucial role facilitating these processes ecosystems. Yet, influence litter quality on earthworm nutrition, consequently soil web dynamics, has remained largely underexplored, mainly methodological reasons. Here, we combined bulk compound‐specific stable isotope analysis amino acids investigate dietary contribution different resources species ecological groups. Our findings show earthworms acquired essential from bacterial (~60%) (~30%) with latter increasing importance higher quality, resulting lower trophic positions across species. The high corresponds dominance bacteria experimental soil, suggesting served as an intermediate link transferring detritus‐based earthworms. Bacterial contributions were notably soil‐feeding than litter‐feeding species, likely due more pronounced ingestion by Overall, our study indicates group macro‐detritivores, earthworms, receive detrital via channel. Further, it underscores shaping niches detritivores, thereby influencing overall structure webs.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanical weeding enhances ecosystem multifunctionality and profit in industrial oil palm

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(6), С. 683 - 695

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

Abstract Oil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity associated with conventional management (that is, fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing deleterious environmental impacts. Using a 2 factorial experiment, we assessed effects of vs reduced (equal to nutrients removed by fruit harvest) mechanical weeding on ecosystem functions, biodiversity profitability. Analysing across multiple exhibited higher multifunctionality than treatment, although this effect was concealed when evaluating only for individual functions. Biodiversity also enhanced, driven 33% more plant species under weeding. Compared management, increased profit 12% relative gross margin 11% due reductions in material costs, while attaining similar yields. Mechanical reduced, compensatory mature plantations tenable option enhancing increasing profit, providing win–win situations.

Язык: Английский

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Heavy metal pollution triggers a shift from bacteria-based to fungi-based soil micro-food web: Evidence from an abandoned mining-smelting area

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 459, С. 132164 - 132164

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Plant roots are more strongly linked to microorganisms in leaf litter rather than in soil across tropical land-use systems

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 190, С. 109320 - 109320

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2024

Tropical soil microorganisms are major recyclers of the biosphere organic carbon. However, link tropical to two main pathways how carbon enters belowground system, i.e., plant roots and leaf litter, is poorly understood. To investigate relative importance these pathways, we studied response in litter underlying topsoil root trenching (exclusion living roots) removal rainforests, this altered by rainforest conversion rubber oil palm plantations. Unexpectedly, linkage between microbial biomass was stronger than across land-use types, indicating that trees prioritize mining for nutrients rather soil. After trenching, basal respiration decreased 32% 38%, respectively, whereas remained unchanged fatty acid profiles indicated proportion total mycorrhizal fungi soil, with effect on being especially strong when present. Litter neither significantly affected nor community structure suggesting compartmentalization processing Overall, results suggest types root-derived resources shape via different communities relying heavily carbon, structured predominantly long-term factors related history.

Язык: Английский

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Plant roots fuel tropical soil animal communities

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(5), С. 742 - 753

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Belowground life relies on plant litter, while its linkage to living roots had long been understudied, and remains unknown in the tropics. Here, we analysed response of 30 soil animal groups root trenching litter removal rainforest plantations Sumatra, found that are similarly important fauna as litter. Trenching effects were stronger than with an overall decrease abundance by 42% 30%. Litter little affected animals soil, but decreased total 60% rubber not oil palm plantations. group abundances explained body size or vertical distribution. Our study quantifies principle carbon pathways food webs under tropical land use, providing basis for mechanistic modelling ecosystem-friendly management soils.

Язык: Английский

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The productivity–stability trade-off in global food systems

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Tree species richness affects the trophic structure of soil oribatid mites via litter functional diversity and canopy cover: Evidence from stable isotope analysis (15N, 13C)

Geoderma, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 455, С. 117233 - 117233

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A global meta-analysis reveals effects of heavy metals on soil microorganisms

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 138018 - 138018

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Different Land Use Systems in the Brazilian Cerrado and Their Effects on Soil Bacterial Communities

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 804 - 804

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

The effect of agricultural practices on soil bacterial communities is not constant and depends a lot the climatic context, changes in characteristics, land use, strategy. Thus, knowledge about how different use systems Cerrado influence diversity taxonomic structure microbial under same type remains limited. In this objective work was to analyze compare two (cover crop potato cultivation) neighboring native area. For this, we used high-throughput amplicon sequencing 16S rRNA genes (metabarcoding) characterize community at levels area, an area with cover crops. Our data indicated significant impacts physicochemical properties enzymatic activity, which directly reflect dynamics communities. three phyla highest relative abundance areas were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota. At class level, small variations observed among areas, while sequence variant (ASV) these more pronounced. alpha indices showed that are rich diverse. Bray–Curtis Jaccard distance-based PCoA demonstrated overlap present separation from cultivation silico prediction presented values functional compared others. our results provide holistic view can

Язык: Английский

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