Learning dynamical models of single and collective cell migration: a review

Reports on Progress in Physics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 87(5), С. 056601 - 056601

Опубликована: Март 22, 2024

Single and collective cell migration are fundamental processes critical for physiological phenomena ranging from embryonic development immune response to wound healing cancer metastasis. To understand a physical perspective, broad variety of models the underlying mechanisms that govern motility have been developed. A key challenge in such is how connect them experimental observations, which often exhibit complex stochastic behaviours. In this review, we discuss recent advances data-driven theoretical approaches directly with data infer dynamical migration. Leveraging nanofabrication, image analysis, tracking technology, studies now provide unprecedented large datasets on cellular dynamics. parallel, efforts directed towards integrating into single tissue scale aim conceptualising emergent behaviour cells. We first review inference problem has addressed both freely migrating confined Next, why these dynamics typically take form underdamped equations motion, can be inferred data. then applications machine learning heterogeneity behaviour, subcellular degrees freedom, multicellular systems. Across applications, emphasise methods integrated active matter cells, help reveal molecular control behaviour. Together, promising avenue building data, providing conceptual links between different length-scales description.

Язык: Английский

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Phenotyping single-cell motility in microfluidic confinement

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2022

The movement trajectories of organisms serve as dynamic read-outs their behaviour and physiology. For microorganisms this can be difficult to resolve due small size fast movement. Here, we devise a novel droplet microfluidics assay encapsulate single micron-sized algae inside closed arenas, enabling ultralong high-speed tracking the same cell. Comparing two model species - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (freshwater, 2 cilia), Pyramimonas octopus (marine, 8 detail highly-stereotyped yet contrasting swimming behaviours environmental interactions. By measuring rates probabilities with which cells transition between trio motility states (smooth-forward swimming, quiescence, tumbling or excitable backward swimming), reconstruct control network that underlies gait switching dynamics. A simplified cell-roaming in circular confinement reproduces observed long-term spatial fluxes, including boundary circulation behaviour. Finally, establish an pairs droplets are fused on demand, one containing trapped cell another chemical perturbs cellular excitability, reveal how aneural adapt locomotor patterns real-time.

Язык: Английский

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Bioelectric control of locomotor gaits in the walking ciliate Euplotes

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(4), С. 697 - 709.e6

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Diverse animal species exhibit highly stereotyped behavioral actions and locomotor sequences as they explore their natural environments. In many such cases, the neural basis of behavior is well established, where dedicated circuitry contributes to initiation regulation certain response sequences. At microscopic scale, single-celled eukaryotes (protists) also remarkably complex behaviors yet are completely devoid nervous systems. Here, address question how single cells control behavior, we study patterning in exemplary hypotrich ciliate Euplotes, a polarized cell, which actuates large number leg-like appendages called cirri (each bundle ∼25-50 cilia) swim fluids or walk on surfaces. As it navigates its surroundings, walking Euplotes cell routinely observed perform side-stepping reactions, one most sophisticated maneuvers ever organism. These spontaneous reorientation events involving transient fast backward motion followed by turn. Combining high-speed imaging with simultaneous time-resolved electrophysiological recordings, show that this coordinated sequence tightly regulated rapid membrane depolarization events, orchestrate activity different cell. Using machine learning computer vision methods, map detailed measurements dynamics cell's bioelectrical activity, revealing differential front back cirri. We integrate these minimal model understand Euplotes-a unicellular organism-manipulates potential achieve real-time over motor apparatus.

Язык: Английский

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Computational fluid–structure interaction in biology and soft robots: A review

Physics of Fluids, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

The omnipresence of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) in biological systems is indisputable—from the vibration leaves to locomotion fish, flying birds, and cardiovascular biomechanics; FSI indeed ubiquitous. Even stimuli-responsive soft robots that typically operate inside a fluid medium, these physical interactions are prevalent. Therefore, it becomes mandatory have thorough understanding their fully coupled physics involving strong two-way between solid domains. Although state-of-the-art computational frameworks robust numerical techniques been developed study complex mechanisms associated nonlinearities multiple spatiotemporal scales, we believe timely review current development, emerging techniques, future challenges would further stimulate research along this direction. explore broad landscape myriad avenues herald emphasizing manifold occurrences biology advanced robotic technologies, while underlining plethora adopted fundamental phenomena.

Язык: Английский

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Biased Lévy Walk Enables Light Gradient Sensing in Euglena gracilis

Physical Review Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 134(10)

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

We examine the navigation behavior of photosensitive alga Euglena gracilis in confined environments. Under uniform lighting conditions, E. exhibits stochastic movements with nearly straight runs interrupted by abrupt directional changes. The lengths these follow a long-tailed distribution typical L\'evy walk, scaling exponents that vary light intensity. In gradient cells modulate their run durations---extending them upon detecting an increase intensity and shortening when decrease is detected. This adjustment effectively biases enabling to ascend spatial gradient. mirrors well-known prokaryotic strategies, such as bacterial chemotaxis, offering eukaryotic parallel. experimental observations under varied conditions are consistently replicated through agent-based model.

Язык: Английский

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Navigating microalgal biohybrids through confinements with magnetic guidance

Matter, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102052 - 102052

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Functional morphology of gliding motility in benthic diatoms

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(12)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Diatoms, a highly successful group of photosynthetic algae, contribute to quarter global primary production. Many species are motile, despite having no appendages and completely rigid cell body. Cells move seek out nutrients, locate mating partners, undergo vertical migration. To explore the natural diversity diatom motility, we perform comparative study across five common biofilm-forming species. Combining morphological measurements with high-resolution tracking, establish how gliding movements relate morphology raphe—a specialized slit in wall responsible for motility generation. Our detailed analyses reveal that cells exhibit rich but species-dependent phenotype, switching stochastically between four stereotyped states. We model this behavior use stochastic simulations predict heterogeneity microscale navigation patterns leads differences long-time diffusivity dispersal. In representative species, extend these findings quantify complex, naturalistic 3D environments, suggesting may exploit distinct signatures achieve niche segregation nature.

Язык: Английский

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Physiological magnetic field strengths help magnetotactic bacteria navigate in simulated sediments

eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Bacterial motility is typically studied in bulk solution, while their natural habitats often are complex environments. Here, we produced microfluidic channels that contained sediment-mimicking obstacles to study swimming of magnetotactic bacteria a near-realistic environment. Magnetotactic microorganisms form chains nanomagnets and orient Earth’s magnetic field. The were based on micro-computer tomography reconstructions bacteria-rich sediment samples. We characterized the cells through these found throughput was highest for physiological fields. This observation confirmed by extensive computer simulations using an active Brownian particle model. indicate at strong fields impeded trapping ‘corners’ require transient against field escape. At weak fields, direction almost random, making process inefficient as well. effect our experiments showed lowering strength allows hypothesize over course evolution, have thus evolved produce properties adapted geomagnetic order balance movement orientation such crowded

Язык: Английский

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Switching of behavioral modes and their modulation by a geometrical cue in the ciliate Stentor coeruleus

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

Protists ubiquitously live in nature and play key roles the food web chain. Their habitats consist of various geometrical structures, such as porous media rigid surfaces, affecting their motilities. A kind protist, Stentor coeruleus, exhibits free swimming adhering for feeding. Under environmental culture conditions, these organisms are often found sediments with complex geometries. The determination anchoring location is essential lives. However, factors that induce behavioral transition from to still unknown. In this study, we quantitatively characterized transitions S. coeruleus observed behavior a chamber dead ends made by simple structure mimicking structures. As result, cell adheres feeds narrow spaces between wall. It may be reasonable organism hide itself predators capture prey spaces. strategy exploration exploitation wide variety geometries discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionarily diverse fungal zoospores show contrasting swimming patterns specific to ultrastructure

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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