The cerebellum and its connections to other brain structures involved in motor and non-motor functions: A comprehensive review

Behavioural Brain Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 465, С. 114933 - 114933

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Malignant Tumors in Vagal-innervated Organs: Exploring Its Homeostatic Role

Cancer Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 217539 - 217539

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The contribution of periaqueductal gray in the regulation of physiological and pathological behaviors

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Periaqueductal gray (PAG), an integration center for neuronal signals, is located in the midbrain and regulates multiple physiological pathological behaviors, including pain, defensive aggressive anxiety depression, cardiovascular response, respiration, sleep-wake behaviors. Due to different neuroanatomical connections functional characteristics of four columns PAG, subregions PAG synergistically regulate various instinctual In current review, we summarized role possible neurobiological mechanism regulation anxiety, depression from perspective up-down circuits PAG. Furthermore, proposed potential clinical applications Knowledge these aspects will give us a better understanding key behaviors provide directions future treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging research frontier

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract The cerebellum is crucial for both motor and nonmotor functions. Alzheimer's disease (AD), alongside other dementias such as vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body (DLB), frontotemporal (FTD), well neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Parkinson's (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's (HD), spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), are characterized by specific non‐specific neurodegenerations in central nervous system. Previously, the cerebellum's significance these conditions was underestimated. However, advancing research has elevated its profile a critical node pathology. We comprehensively review existing evidence to elucidate relationship between aforementioned diseases. Our findings reveal growing of unequivocally establishing link AD, forms dementia, NDs, supported clinical evidence, pathological biochemical profiles, structural functional neuroimaging data, electrophysiological findings. By contrasting cerebellar observations with those from cerebral cortex hippocampus, we highlight distinct role processes. Furthermore, also explore emerging therapeutic potential targeting treatment This underscores importance diseases, offering new insights into mechanisms novel strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Is there a user-friendly building unit to replicate rhythmic patterns of CPG systems? Synchrony transition and application of the delayed bursting-HCO model

Chaos Solitons & Fractals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 182, С. 114820 - 114820

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Neurogenic inflammation and itch in barrier tissues

Seminars in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 77, С. 101928 - 101928

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Obesity and the Importance of Breathing

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025

Obesity is a complex and non-communicable disease with pandemic entity. Currently, multiple causes can lead to obesity, it not always easy create direct relationship between physical inactivity, poor quality of nutrients consumed, calculation excess calories. Among the associated comorbidities, obesity creates dysfunctional environment respiratory rhythms at central peripheral levels, functional, morphological, phenotypic alteration diaphragm muscle. This pathological adaptation breathing one most important dysregulation autonomic system, which will negatively affect progression comorbidities chronic non-physiological adaptations in obese persons. Introducing activity program involving training could be very valid strategy restore systemic response, delaying or avoiding onset pathologies fat. brief narrative review focuses on importance subjects.

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellar control of targeted tongue movements

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2025

Abstract The cerebellum is critical for coordinating movements related to eating, drinking and swallowing, all of which require proper control the tongue. Cerebellar Purkinje cells can encode tongue movements, but it unclear how their simple spikes complex induce changes in shape that contribute goal‐directed movements. To study these relations, we recorded stimulated vermis hemispheres mice during spontaneous licking from a stationary or moving water spout. We found rhythmic with both spikes. Increased spike firing protrusion induces ipsiversive bending Unexpected target location trigger alter subsequent licks, adjusting trajectory. Furthermore, observed increased behavioural state at start end bouts. Using machine learning, confirmed alterations cell activity accompany licking, different often exerting heterogeneous encoding schemes. Our data highlight directional movement paramount cerebellar function modulation are complementary acquisition execution sensorimotor coordination. These results bring us closer understanding clinical implications disorders swallowing. image Key points When drinking, make directed towards source. fire rhythmically tune position source affects direction report also adjust right direction.

Язык: Английский

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Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy: Central Respiratory Chemoreception

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(4), С. 1598 - 1598

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a critical concern for individuals suffering from epilepsy, with respiratory dysfunction playing significant role its pathology. Fatal seizures are often characterized by central apnea and hypercapnia (elevated CO2 levels), indicating failure ventilatory control. Research has shown that both human patients animal models exhibit reduced hypercapnic response the interictal (non-seizure) period, suggesting an impaired ability to regulate breathing high levels. This review examines of chemoreceptors-specifically retrotrapezoid nucleus, raphe nuclei, nucleus tractus solitarius, locus coeruleus, hypothalamus this These structures sensing maintaining homeostasis. Emerging evidence also implicates neuropeptidergic pathways within these chemoreceptive regions SUDEP. Neuropeptides like galanin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), orexin, somatostatin, bombesin-like peptides may modulate chemosensitivity function, potentially exacerbating during seizures. Understanding mechanisms linking chemoreception, control, signaling essential developing targeted interventions reduce risk SUDEP patients.

Язык: Английский

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Muscles and Central Neural Networks Involved in Breathing: State of the Art

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 15, 2025

Breathing is a systemic act, which involves not only the lungs, but entire body system. To have comprehensive clinical picture, it necessary to all patient's data; from this assumption, we can affirm that know muscles involved in breathing understand how obtain approach for care and treatment of patient improve respiratory capacity. The text reviews efferent connections centers cites are mechanism controlled managed by centers, starting muscular description cranial area, bucco-cervical cervicothoracic thoracic area. Knowing function accessory allows us obtain, some cases, valuable data prove predictive diagnostic path pathology. This first article literature, authors' knowledge, attempts list include single directly or indirectly breathing. goal narrative review remind clinicians researchers study different responses need analyze work skeletal musculature better what happens pathological physiological phases during step will allow individualize therapeutic training healthy subjects.

Язык: Английский

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