A functional network model for body column neural connectivity in Hydra DOI
Wilhelm Braun, Sebastian Jenderny, Christoph Giez

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

Abstract Hydra is a non-senescent animal with relatively small number of cell types and overall low structural complexity, but surprisingly rich behavioral repertoire. The main drivers ’s behavior are neurons that arranged in two nerve nets comprising several distinct neuronal populations. Among these populations the ectodermal net N3 which located throughout animal. It has been shown necessary sufficient for complex somersaulting also involved feeding behavior. Despite being jack-of-all-trades, there insufficient knowledge on coupling structure N3, its connectome, role activity propagation function. We construct model connectome part body column. Using experimental data placement somata spatial dimensions column, we show generative network combining non-random preferred orientation primary neurites yields good agreement experimentally observed distributions connection distances, angles, per neuron. Having validated this fashion, place simple excitable dynamical each node column it generates directed, short-lived, fast propagating patterns activity. In addition, by slightly changing parameters model, same can generate persistent Finally, use neuromorphic circuit based Morris-Lecar to can, addition through-conductance biologically plausible time scales, host pattern related somersaulting. speculate such different regimes act as substrates functional roles allowing exhibit complexity nervous system does not possess modules or hubs.

Язык: Английский

Satiety controls behavior in Hydra through an interplay of pre-enteric and central nervous system-like neuron populations DOI Creative Commons
Christoph Giez, Christopher Noack,

Ehsan Sakib

и другие.

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(6), С. 114210 - 114210

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Hunger and satiety can have an influence on decision-making, sensory processing, motor behavior by altering the internal state of brain. This process necessitates integration peripheral stimuli into central nervous system. Here, we show how animals without a system such as cnidarian Hydra measure integrate neuronal circuits which specific populations are involved. We demonstrate that this simple system, previously referred to diffuse, has endodermal subpopulation (N4) similar enteric (feeding-associated behavior) ectodermal population (N3) performs system-like functions (physiology/motor). view supposedly could open important window origin more complex systems.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
New Perspectives on Semiconducting Conjugated Oligomers for Neuromodulation in Hydra vulgaris DOI Creative Commons
Giuseppina Tommasini, Mariarosaria De Simone, Martina Blasio

и другие.

Advanced Materials Interfaces, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 22, 2025

Abstract A general overview is provided on the neuromodulatory function of thiophene‐based semiconductors discovered and characterized in invertebrate model organism, cnidarian Hydra vulgaris . The small freshwater polyp an attractive animal for neuromodulation due to its simple body anatomy a nervous system with hundreds thousands neurons organized distinct circuits, each controlling limited set behaviors. With aim characterizing polymerization trimers soft tissues this model, unexpected behavior observed addition polymerization, involved possible underlying mechanisms are identified. To date, action these compounds other vivo models has not been observed. Here, recent data double showed by summarized, from into conductive structures driven endogenous enzymatic activities specific neuronal circuits. open intriguing research possibilities offered organism field organic bioelectronics both situ production conducting interfaces influence biological processes functions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Self-organization of an organizer: Whole-body regeneration from reaggregated cells in cnidarians DOI

Sanjay Narayanaswamy,

Ulrich Technau

Cells and Development, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 204024 - 204024

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Automatic monitoring of neural activity with single-cell resolution in behaving Hydra DOI Creative Commons
Alison Hanson,

Raphael Reme,

Noah Telerman

и другие.

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

The ability to record every spike from neuron in a behaving animal is one of the holy grails neuroscience. Here, we report coming step closer towards this goal with development an end-to-end pipeline that automatically tracks and extracts calcium signals individual neurons cnidarian Hydra vulgaris. We imaged dually labeled (nuclear tdTomato cytoplasmic GCaMP7s) transgenic developed open-source Python platform (TraSE-IN) for Tracking Spike Estimation Individual Neurons during behavior. TraSE-IN comprises series modules segments each nucleus over time corresponding activity GCaMP channel. Another signal processing allows robust prediction spikes neuron's signal. This complete will facilitate automatic generation analysis large-scale datasets single-cell resolution neural Hydra, potentially other model organisms, paving way deciphering code entire animal.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
From Information to Knowledge: A Role for Knowledge Networks in Decision Making and Action Selection DOI Creative Commons
Jagmeet S. Kanwal

Information, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(8), С. 487 - 487

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024

The brain receives information via sensory inputs through the peripheral nervous system and stores a small subset as memories within central system. Short-term, working memory is present in hippocampus whereas long-term are distributed neural networks throughout brain. Elegant studies on mechanisms for storage neuroeconomic formulation of human decision making have been recognized with Nobel Prizes Physiology or Medicine Economics, respectively. There wide gap, however, our understanding how disparate bits translate into “knowledge”, by which knowledge used to make decisions. I propose that conceptualization “knowledge network” creation, recall critical start bridging this gap. Knowledge creation involves value-driven contextualization cross-validation certainty-seeking behaviors, including rumination reflection. recall, like memory, may occur oscillatory activity dynamically links multiple networks. These show correlated interactivity despite their presence widely separated regions system, brainstem, spinal cord gut. hippocampal–amygdala complex together entorhinal prefrontal cortices likely components since they participate contextual action selection. Sleep reflection processes attentional mediated habenula expected play key role consolidation. Unlike straightforward test determining loci requires implementation naturalistic decision-making paradigm. By formalizing neuroscientific concept networks, we can experimentally functionality recording large-scale during awake, naturally behaving animals. types difficult but important also advancing knowledge-driven opposed big data-driven models artificial intelligence. A network-driven function practical implications other spheres, such education treatment mental disorders.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Evolution: Neuronal control of an archaic mouth DOI Creative Commons
Thomas W. Holstein

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(24), С. R1304 - R1306

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
Hunger and satiety: Neuronal dynamics in Hydra behavior DOI Creative Commons
Thomas W. Holstein

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(6), С. 114264 - 114264

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Hormonal and neuronal inputs to the brain control how much animals eat. The origins of this behavior were unclear, but in issue Cell Reports, Giez et al.1Giez C. Noack Sakib E. Hofacker L.-M. Repnik U. Bramkamp M. Bosch T.C.G. Satiety controls Hydra through an interplay pre-enteric central nervous system-like neuron populations.Cell Rep. 2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114210Abstract Full Text PDF Google Scholar describe specific neurons inhibiting feeding evolutionary ancient without brain. Human animal centers around essential need for food. This leads appetite hunger, internal states ensuring energy replenishment until sufficient levels are reached that induce satiety. Concurrently, regulating food intake, terms quantity timing, is vital prevent adverse effects. Various mechanisms have evolved appetite, feeding. In vertebrates, hormones such as ghrelin leptin mediate satiety while hypothalamus hippocampus maintain homeostatic between two states.2Wee R.W.S. Mishchanchuk K. AlSubaie R. Church T.W. Gold M.G. MacAskill A.F. Internal-state-dependent via hippocampal signaling.Neuron. 112: 288-305.e7https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.016Abstract PubMed Scopus (3) regulation also manifests insects,3Odell S.R. Clark D. Zito N. Jain Gong H. Warnock Carrion-Lopez Maixner Prieto-Godino L. Mathew Internal state affects local function early sensory processing center shape olfactory Drosophila larvae.Sci. 2022; 1215767https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20147-1Crossref (2) yet these pivotal neural circuits remain largely elusive. Recent publications shown Cnidaria (the sister group Bilateria) already display a spectrum behaviors,4Yuste Breaking code cnidarian: Learning principles neuroscience from "vulgar" Hydra.Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 86102869https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2024.102869Crossref (0) encompassing larval predation responses satiety.5Maegele I. Rupp S. Özbek Guse A. Hambleton E.A. Holstein A predatory gastrula symbiosis-independent settlement Aiptasia.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2023; 120e2311872120https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2311872120Crossref (4) their article Reports,1Giez colleagues now made substantial progress our understanding hunger-satiety homeostasis one simplest systems known. They hunger freshwater polyp (Cnidaria). system comprises 200–2000 bi- multipolar young mature polyps organized simple network with higher density at oral aboral ends, or any other ganglia-like centralization4Yuste Scholar,6Holstein stem cell - Revisited.Cells Dev. 174203846https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203846Crossref Scholar,7Keramidioti Schneid Busse Cramer von Laue Bertulat B. Salvenmoser W. Hess Alexandrova O. Glauber K.M. Steele R.E. al.A new look architecture dynamics nerve net.Elife. 12https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.87330Crossref (see Figure 1). Neurons form both chemical electrical synapses release transmitters neuropeptides.4Yuste Despite organization, exhibit range behavioral patterns, including Hunting mediated by cnidocytes, highly specialized neurosecretory cells used prey capture defense.8Bosch Klimovich Domazet-Lošo T. Gründer Jékely G. Miller D.J. Murillo-Rincon A.P. Rentzsch F. Richards G.S. al.Back Basics: Cnidarians Start Fire.Trends Neurosci. 2017; 40: 92-105https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.11.005Abstract (78) Both cnidocytes derived interstitial cells; they constantly forming reorganizing due continuous growth tissue flow during asexual reproduction (budding), which requires high degree plasticity.6Holstein Scholar,8Bosch ability image activity epitheliomuscular using Ca2+ imaging has revealed Hydra's subdivided into distinct networks,4Yuste Scholar,9Giez Pinkle Giencke Y. Wittlieb J. Herbst Spratte Lachnit Selhuber-Unkel Multiple populations eating responsive microbial signals.Curr. Biol. 33: 5288-5303.e6https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.038Abstract opening up possibility investigating basis different states. basic readout study animals' hunting behavior, consists successive phases capture, tentacle movements, mouth opening. Prey initiated when comes contact ciliary chemo-mechano-sensor embedded tentacles8Bosch discharge hungry animals, injuring prey, releases reduced glutathione (GSH), among substances. previous laboratory, primarily focused on head region Hydra, showed opening, can be triggered exposing GSH, N6 cells, followed ganglion endodermal N4 become activated.9Giez complex mirrors live stimuli failed well-fed lacking do not respond GSH.9Giez While fact response strongly inhibited fed long-known phenomenon, was understood so far. To activation upon satiation, transgenic lines calcium reporters (GCaMP6s) established under promoters originally identified single-cell sequencing ectoderm (N6, N3, N1) endoderm (N4).1Giez analysis combined ablation experiments nitro-reductase (NTR)-metronidazole approach, allowed functional dissection circuits. These subpopulation (N4) governs feeding-related ectodermal subpopulations (N1, N6) involved physiology motor activity.1Giez population, enriched neurons, had its highest regulated dynamics.1Giez N3 population significant change compared lower frequency starved polyps, i.e., spiking pattern more regular after Analysis circuit hierarchy demonstrated behaviors attributed (such somersault, foot detachment, stretching glutathione-induced response) influenced satiety, observed experiments. suggests dominant role network, reminiscent enteric Bilateria, encodes overall metabolic state, indicating regulatory satiety.1Giez striking difference Bilateria appears interaction neurons.1Giez No physical interactions7Keramidioti direct interdependencies germ layers been reported Cnidaria. indicates if connections exist, must extremely rare. authors speculate presence neurites extending mesoglea volume transmission communication pathway layers, there no physiological evidence this. However, connect each epithelial muscle themselves. projections gap junctions enable exchange small molecules signals. Because junctions7Keramidioti conduct signals, connection would interesting coupling investigate further.1Giez classical neurotransmitters GABA/dopamine, genes key enzymes GABA/dopamine synthesis expressed only support scenario.1Giez possible involvement opens scenario type evolution according could still possess some functions Cnidaria, purely Bilateria. future, it will important analyze distributed anthozoans, basal clade whose larvae earliest developmental stage on.5Maegele competing interests declare. populationsGiez al.Cell ReportsMay 23, 2024In BriefGiez al. demonstrate ancestral metazoan controlled patterns. show either pre-enteric- functions. contributes system. Full-Text Open Access

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
A functional network model for body column neural connectivity in Hydra DOI
Wilhelm Braun, Sebastian Jenderny, Christoph Giez

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

Abstract Hydra is a non-senescent animal with relatively small number of cell types and overall low structural complexity, but surprisingly rich behavioral repertoire. The main drivers ’s behavior are neurons that arranged in two nerve nets comprising several distinct neuronal populations. Among these populations the ectodermal net N3 which located throughout animal. It has been shown necessary sufficient for complex somersaulting also involved feeding behavior. Despite being jack-of-all-trades, there insufficient knowledge on coupling structure N3, its connectome, role activity propagation function. We construct model connectome part body column. Using experimental data placement somata spatial dimensions column, we show generative network combining non-random preferred orientation primary neurites yields good agreement experimentally observed distributions connection distances, angles, per neuron. Having validated this fashion, place simple excitable dynamical each node column it generates directed, short-lived, fast propagating patterns activity. In addition, by slightly changing parameters model, same can generate persistent Finally, use neuromorphic circuit based Morris-Lecar to can, addition through-conductance biologically plausible time scales, host pattern related somersaulting. speculate such different regimes act as substrates functional roles allowing exhibit complexity nervous system does not possess modules or hubs.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0