Annual Review of Genetics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(1), С. 455 - 485
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2024
Obesity
and
anorexia
are
life-threatening
diseases
that
still
poorly
understood
at
the
genetic
neuronal
levels.
Patients
suffering
from
these
conditions
experience
disrupted
regulation
of
food
consumption,
leading
to
extreme
weight
gain
or
loss
and,
in
severe
situations,
death
metabolic
dysfunction.
Despite
development
various
behavioral
pharmacological
interventions,
current
treatments
often
yield
limited
short-lived
success.
To
address
this,
a
deeper
understanding
neural
mechanisms
underlying
perception
appetite
is
essential
for
identifying
new
drug
targets
developing
more
effective
treatment
methods.
This
review
summarizes
progress
past
research
controlling
consumption
regulation,
focusing
on
two
key
model
organisms:
fruit
fly
iScience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
28(2), С. 111760 - 111760
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Dry
conditions
increase
blood
feeding
in
mosquitoes,
but
it
is
unknown
if
dehydration-induced
bloodmeals
are
increased
beyond
what
necessary
for
reproduction.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
the
role
of
dehydration
secondary
behaviors
mosquitoes.
Following
an
initial
bloodmeal,
prolonged
exposure
to
dry
mosquitoes
by
nearly
two-fold,
and
chronic
allowed
survive
up
20
days
without
access
water.
Exposure
desiccating
following
a
bloodmeal
resulted
activity,
decreased
sleep
levels,
prompted
return
CO2
sensing
before
egg
deposition.
Increased
higher
survival
during
periods
predicted
pathogen
transmission,
allowing
rapid
rebound
mosquito
populations
when
favorable
return.
Overall,
these
results
solidify
our
understanding
how
impact
that
contributes
transmission
dynamics.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(8), С. 114625 - 114625
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
Chemosensory
cells
across
the
body
of
Drosophila
melanogaster
evaluate
environment
to
prioritize
certain
behaviors.
Previous
mapping
gustatory
receptor
neurons
(GRNs)
on
fly
labellum
identified
a
set
in
L-type
sensilla
that
express
Ionotropic
Receptor
94e
(IR94e),
but
impact
IR94e
GRNs
behavior
remains
unclear.
We
used
optogenetics
and
chemogenetics
activate
found
they
drive
mild
feeding
suppression
enhance
egg
laying.
In
vivo
calcium
imaging
revealed
respond
strongly
amino
acids,
including
glutamate,
plus
co-receptors
IR25a
IR76b
are
required
for
acid
detection.
Furthermore,
mutants
show
behavioral
changes
solutions
containing
increased
consumption
decreased
Overall,
our
results
suggest
discourage
encourage
laying
as
part
an
important
switch
response
chemical
cues.
Behavioral
strategies
for
foraging
and
reproduction
in
the
oriental
fruit
fly
(
Bactrocera
dorsalis
)
are
alternative
options
resource
allocation
controlled
by
neuropeptides.
Here
we
show
that
behavioral
switch
between
is
associated
with
changes
antennal
sensitivity.
Starved
flies
became
more
sensitive
to
food
odors
while
suppressing
their
response
opposite-sex
pheromones.
The
gene
encoding
sulfakinin
receptor
1
SkR1
was
significantly
upregulated
antennae
of
starved
flies,
so
tested
phenotypes
null
mutants
genes
skr1
−/−
its
ligand
sk
).
In
both
knockout
lines,
responses
shifted
mating
mode
even
when
were
starved.
This
suggests
signaling
via
promotes
mating.
Further
analysis
mutant
revealed
sets
odorant
(OR)
differentially
expressed.
Functional
characterization
expressed
ORs
suggested
directly
suppresses
expression
respond
hormones
enhancing
detect
volatiles.
We
conclude
SkR1,
modulating
OR
expressions
leading
altered
antenna
sensitivities,
an
important
component
starvation-dependent
change.
Behavioral
strategies
for
foraging
and
reproduction
in
the
oriental
fruit
fly
(
Bactrocera
dorsalis
)
are
alternative
options
resource
allocation
controlled
by
neuropeptides.
Here
we
show
that
behavioral
switch
between
is
associated
with
changes
antennal
sensitivity.
Starved
flies
became
more
sensitive
to
food
odors
while
suppressing
their
response
opposite-sex
pheromones.
The
gene
encoding
sulfakinin
receptor
1
SkR1
was
significantly
upregulated
antennae
of
starved
flies,
so
tested
phenotypes
null
mutants
genes
skr1
-/-
its
ligand
sk
).
In
both
knockout
lines,
responses
shifted
mating
mode
even
when
were
starved.
This
suggests
signaling
via
promotes
mating.
Further
analysis
mutant
revealed
sets
odorant
(OR)
differentially
expressed.
Functional
characterization
expressed
ORs
suggested
directly
suppresses
expression
respond
hormones
enhancing
detect
volatiles.
We
conclude
SkR1,
modulating
OR
expressions
leading
altered
antenna
sensitivities,
an
important
component
starvation-dependent
change.
Neuron,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
112(14), С. 2315 - 2332.e8
Опубликована: Май 24, 2024
Hungry
animals
need
compensatory
mechanisms
to
maintain
flexible
brain
function,
while
modulation
reconfigures
circuits
prioritize
resource
seeking.
In
Drosophila,
hunger
inhibits
aversively
reinforcing
dopaminergic
neurons
(DANs)
permit
the
expression
of
food-seeking
memories.
Multitasking
reinforcement
system
for
motivation
potentially
undermines
aversive
learning.
We
find
that
chronic
mildly
enhances
learning
and
satiated-baseline
hunger-enhanced
require
endocrine
adipokinetic
hormone
(AKH)
signaling.
Circulating
AKH
influences
via
its
receptor
in
four
ventral
brain,
two
which
are
octopaminergic.
Connectomics
revealed
receptor-expressing
be
upstream
several
classes
ascending
neurons,
many
presynaptic
DANs.
Octopaminergic
output
from
at
least
one
these
pathways
is
required
shock-
bitter-taste-reinforced
propose
coordinated
enhancement
input
compensates
hunger-directed
inhibition
DANs
preserve
when
required.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(6), С. 114282 - 114282
Опубликована: Май 24, 2024
The
suppressive
effect
of
insulin
on
food
intake
has
been
documented
for
decades.
However,
whether
signals
can
encode
a
certain
type
nutrients
to
regulate
nutrient-specific
feeding
behavior
remains
elusive.
Here,
we
show
that
in
female
Drosophila,
pair
dopaminergic
neurons,
tritocerebrum
1-dopaminergic
neurons
(T1-DANs),
are
directly
activated
by
protein-intake-induced
signal
from
insulin-producing
cells
(IPCs).
Intriguingly,
opto-activating
IPCs
elicits
inhibition
both
protein
and
sugar,
while
silencing
T1-DANs
blocks
this
only
food.
Elevating
signaling
or
these
is
sufficient
mimic
satiety.
Furthermore,
conveyed
local
the
protocerebral
bridge
(PB-LNs)
specifically
suppresses
intake.
Therefore,
our
findings
reveal
brain-derived
encodes
satiety
manner,
shedding
light
functional
specificity
brain
regulating
behaviors.
Behavioral
strategies
for
foraging
and
reproduction
in
the
oriental
fruit
fly
(
Bactrocera
dorsalis
)
are
alternative
options
resource
allocation
controlled
by
neuropeptides.
Here
we
show
that
behavioral
switch
between
is
associated
with
changes
antennal
sensitivity.
Starved
flies
became
more
sensitive
to
food
odors
while
suppressing
their
response
opposite-sex
pheromones.
The
gene
encoding
sulfakinin
receptor
1
SkR1
was
significantly
upregulated
antennae
of
starved
flies,
so
tested
phenotypes
null
mutants
genes
skr1
−/−
its
ligand
sk
).
In
both
knockout
lines,
responses
shifted
mating
mode
even
when
were
starved.
This
suggests
signaling
via
promotes
mating.
Further
analysis
mutant
revealed
sets
odorant
(OR)
differentially
expressed.
Functional
characterization
expressed
ORs
suggested
directly
suppresses
expression
respond
hormones
enhancing
detect
volatiles.
We
conclude
SkR1,
modulating
OR
expressions
leading
altered
antenna
sensitivities,
an
important
component
starvation-dependent
change.
