Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2019
Adipokinetic
hormone
(AKH),
corazonin
(CRZ)
and
the
AKH/CRZ-related
peptide
(ACP)
are
neuropeptides
considered
homologous
to
vertebrate
gonadotropin-releasing
(GnRH).
All
three
Aedes
aegypti
GnRH-related
neuropeptide
receptors
have
been
characterized
functionally
deorphanized.
Individually
they
exhibit
high
specificity
for
their
native
ligands,
prompting
us
investigate
contribution
of
ligand
structures
in
conferring
receptor
two
these
receptors.
Here,
we
designed
a
series
analogs
based
on
ACP
sequence
screened
them
using
heterologous
system
identify
critical
residues
required
(ACPR)
activation.
Analogs
lacking
carboxy-terminal
amidation,
replacing
aromatics,
as
well
truncated
were
either
completely
inactive
or
had
very
low
activities
ACPR.
The
polar
threonine
(position
3)
blocked
amino-terminal
pyroglutamate
also
critical,
whereas
with
alanine
substitutions
at
position
2
(valine),
5
(serine),
6
(arginine)
7
(aspartate)
less
detrimental
including
substitution
charged
residues.
Replacing
asparagine
9)
an
resulted
5-fold
more
active
analog.
A
naturally-occurring
analog,
conserved
two,
was
tolerated
yet
displayed
significantly
reduced
activity
compared
mosquito
peptide.
Chain
length
contributes
selectivity
this
system,
since
endogenous
octapeptide
Aedae-AKH
does
not
activate
ACPR
AKH
decapeptides
show
albeit
significant
activity.
Similarly,
utilized
vitro
assay
approach
against
A.
(AKHR-IA)
testing
carefully
selected
from
other
insects
determine
how
specific
influence
AKHR-IA
having
single
revealed
(either
serine
asparagine)
slightly
improved
activation
changes
(proline)
compromised
by
nearly
ten-fold.
Substitution
3
(threonine)
combinations
quite
decrease
Collectively,
results
advance
our
understanding
systems
sharing
most
recent
evolutionary
origin
sustain
independence
function
signaling
despite
relatively
degree
homology.
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2020
The
fruit
fly
Drosophila
melanogaster
is
an
established
model
organism
in
chronobiology,
because
genetic
manipulation
and
breeding
the
laboratory
are
easy.
circadian
clock
neuroanatomy
D.
one
of
best-known
networks
insects
basic
behavior
has
been
characterized
detail
this
insect.
Another
chronobiology
honey
bee
Apis
mellifera
,
which
diurnal
foraging
described
already
early
twentieth
century.
A.
hallmarks
research
on
interplay
between
sociality
complex
behaviors
like
sun
compass
navigation
time-place-learning.
Nevertheless,
there
aspects
structure
function,
for
example
role
photoperiodism
diapause,
can
be
only
insufficiently
investigated
these
two
models.
Unlike
high-latitude
flies
such
as
Chymomyza
costata
or
ezoana
cosmopolitan
do
not
display
a
photoperiodic
diapause.
Similarly,
bees
go
into
“real”
but
most
solitary
species
exhibit
obligatory
Furthermore,
evolved
different
Hymenoptera
independently,
wherefore
it
might
misleading
to
study
social
Consequently,
additional
non-model
required
understand
Diptera
Hymenoptera.
In
review,
we
introduce
compare
them
with
other
show
their
advantages
limitations
general
models
insect
clocks.
PeerJ,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
8, С. e9534 - e9534
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2020
Background
Insects
have
several
genes
coding
for
insulin-like
peptides
and
they
been
particularly
well
studied
in
Drosophila
.
Some
of
these
hormones
function
as
growth
are
produced
by
the
fat
body
brain.
These
act
through
a
typical
insulin
receptor
tyrosine
kinase.
Two
other
either
known
or
suspected
to
G-protein
coupled
receptor.
Although
insulin-related
from
insect
species,
peptide
8,
one
that
uses
receptor,
has
so
far
only
identified
flies.
However,
its
is
widespread
within
arthropods
hence
it
should
orthologs.
Such
putative
orthologs
were
recently
decapods
called
gonadulins.
Methodology
In
an
effort
identify
gonadulins
public
genome
assemblies
short-read
archives
insects
explored
presence
transcripts
their
receptors.
Results
Gonadulins
detected
number
arthropods.
those
species
which
transcriptome
data
gonads
available
gonadulin
expressed
ovaries
at
least
some
also
testes.
differences
expression
ovary
between
actively
reproducing
non-reproducing
females
differs
more
than
100-fold.
Putative
ilp
6
identified.
non-Dipteran
C-terminally
extensions
alternatively
spliced.
The
predicted
arthropod
factors.
cockroaches,
termites
stick
factors,
relaxin,
third
peptide,
encoded
next
another
suggesting
result
local
gene
triplication.
close
chromosomal
association
was
found
factor
spiders.
Phylogenetic
tree
analysis
kinases
insects,
chelicerates
shows
signaling
pathway
evolved
differently
three
groups.
receptors
related
8
similarly
show
significant
Conclusion
A
triplication
early
ancestor
likely
yielded
gonadulin,
relaxin.
Orthologs
now
commonly
present
almost
certainly
include
6,
7
8.
Molecular Biology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
38(11), С. 4847 - 4866
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2021
Neuropeptides
are
diverse
signaling
molecules
in
animals
commonly
acting
through
G-protein
coupled
receptors
(GPCRs).
and
their
underwent
extensive
diversification
bilaterians
the
relationships
of
many
peptide-receptor
systems
have
been
clarified.
However,
we
lack
a
detailed
picture
neuropeptide
evolution
lophotrochozoans
as
in-depth
studies
only
exist
for
mollusks
annelids.
Here,
analyze
peptidergic
Nemertea,
Brachiopoda,
Phoronida.
We
screened
transcriptomes
from
13
nemertean,
6
brachiopod,
4
phoronid
species
proneuropeptides
GPCRs.
With
mass
spectrometry
nemertean
Lineus
longissimus,
validated
several
predicted
peptides
identified
novel
ones.
Molecular
phylogeny
combined
with
peptide-sequence
gene-structure
comparisons
allowed
us
to
comprehensively
map
spiralian
evolution.
found
most
mollusk
annelid
also
nemerteans,
brachiopods,
phoronids.
uncovered
previously
hidden
including
orthologies
CCWamides
arthropod
agatoxin-like
APGWamides
RGWamides
annelids,
ortholog
that
pleurin
neuropeptides
present
nemerteans
brachiopods.
cases
gene
family
duplications
losses.
These
include
protostome-specific
expansion
RFamide/Wamide
signaling,
GnRH-related
peptides,
vasopressin/oxytocin
before
divergence
phoronids,
nemerteans.
This
analysis
expands
our
knowledge
spiralians
other
protostomes.
Our
annotated
data
set
nearly
1,300
proneuropeptide
sequences
600
GPCRs
presents
useful
resource
further
signaling.
PeerJ,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11, С. e14848 - e14848
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2023
Background
Tenebrionidae
(Insecta:
Coleoptera)
are
a
conspicuous
component
of
desert
fauna
worldwide.
In
these
ecosystems,
they
significantly
responsible
for
nutrient
cycling
and
show
remarkable
morphological
physiological
adaptations.
Nevertheless,
colonizing
individual
deserts
have
repeatedly
emerged
from
different
lineages.
The
goal
our
study
was
to
gain
insights
into
the
phylogenetic
relationships
tenebrionid
genera
Atacama
Desert
how
taxa
related
globally
distributed
Tenebrionidae.
Methods
We
used
newly
generated
transcriptome
data
(47
tribes,
7
11
subfamilies)
that
allowed
comprehensive
phylogenomic
analysis
this
hyperarid
fills
gap
in
knowledge
highly
diversified
examined
two
independent
sets
known
be
suitable
reconstructions.
One
is
based
on
35
neuropeptide
precursors,
other
1,742
orthologous
genes
shared
among
Coleoptera.
Results
majority
placed
three
groups,
which
belong
typical
South
American
lineages
within
Pimeliinae.
While
support
monophyly
Physogasterini,
Nycteliini
Scotobiini,
does
not
hold
Edrotini,
Epitragini,
Evaniosomini,
Praociini,
Stenosini,
Thinobatini,
Trilobocarini.
A
suggested
very
close
relationship
Psammetichus
with
Mediterranean
Leptoderis
also
could
confirmed.
provide
hints
regarding
Caenocrypticini,
occur
both
America
southern
Africa.
Apart
focus
Desert,
we
found
striking
synapomorphy
grouping
Alleculinae,
Blaptinae,
Diaperinae,
Stenochinae,
several
Tenebrioninae,
but
Tenebrio
Tribolium
.
This
character,
an
insertion
myosuppressin
gene,
defines
higher-level
monophyletic
group
Conclusion
Transcriptome
allow
represents
one
seven
major
endemic
tribal
areas
world
Most
America;
supported
tribes
molecular
data,
suggesting
detailed
systematic
revision
groups
necessary.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2021
Many
insect
species
have
several
genes
coding
for
insulin-related
peptides
(IRPs),
but
so
far
only
a
single
IRP
gene
has
been
identified
in
migratory
locusts.
Here,
we
report
and
characterize
two
other
that
are
related
to
insulin,
namely
gonadulin
arthropod
insulin-like
growth
factor
(aIGF);
postulated
be
orthologs
of
Drosophila
melanogaster
8
6
respectively.
In
Locusta
migratoria
the
aIGF
transcript
is
expressed
multiple
tissues
as
was
previously
reported
both
L.
Schistocerca
gregaria
,
there
significant
differences
expression
patterns
between
species.
The
transcript,
however,
seems
specific
ovary,
whereas
its
putative
receptor
most
abundantly
fat
body
central
nervous
system.
Since
system-fat
body-ovary
axis
essential
successful
reproduction,
studied
influence
on
vitellogenesis
oocyte
growth.
A
reduction
(
via
RNA
interference)
led
vitellogenin
mRNA
levels
strong
inhibition,
thus
suggesting
an
important
role
reproduction
this
The
neuropeptide
pigment-dispersing
factor
(PDF)
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
the
circadian
clock
of
most
Ecdysozoa
and
is
additionally
involved
timing
seasonal
responses
several
photoperiodic
species.
pea
aphid,
Acyrthosiphon
pisum,
paradigmatic
species
with
an
annual
life
cycle
tightly
coupled
to
changes
day
length.
Nevertheless,
PDF
could
not
be
identified
A.
pisum
so
far
.
In
present
study,
we
PDF-coding
gene
that
has
undergone
significant
otherwise
highly
conserved
insect
C-terminal
amino
acid
sequence.
A
newly
generated
aphid-specific
antibody
stained
four
neurons
each
hemisphere
aphid
brain
co-express
protein
Period
have
projections
pars
lateralis
are
plastic
change
their
appearance
daily
manner,
resembling
those
fruit
fly
neurons.
Most
intriguingly,
terminals
overlap
dendrites
insulin-like
peptide
(ILP)
positive
neurosecretory
cells
intercerebralis
putative
Cryptochrome
(CRY)
Since
ILP
been
previously
shown
crucial
for
adaptations
CRY
might
serve
as
photoreceptor
vital
measuring
length,
our
results
suggest
critical
timing.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2020
Peptide
hormones
commonly
binding
with
G-protein
coupled
receptors
(GPCRs)
achieve
their
function
in
reproduction.
The
peppermint
shrimp
Lysmata
vittata
popular
marine
ornamental
trade
and
is
known
to
display
protandric
simultaneous
hermaphrodite
(PSH).
Knowledge
on
reproductive
biology
of
this
commercial
species
critical
for
resources
management
aquaculture.
This
study
employed
Illumina
sequencing
bioinformatics
analysis
identify
peptides
candidate
GPCRs
from
male
phase
(MP)
euhermaphrodite
(EP)
L.
vittata.
A
total
61
peptide
40
GPCR
transcripts
derive
44
families
13
were
identified,
respectively.
Among
them,
insulin-like
androgenic
gland
hormone
crustacean
female
sex
have
two
unique
mature
peptides,
respectively,
showed
higher
expression
levels
MP
than
EP,
which
suggest
that
these
differentiation
might
be
involved
sexual
characters
spermatogenesis
or
vitellogenesis.
Overall,
the
first
identification
genus
extends
our
knowledge
peptidergic
signaling
PSH
species,
provides
an
important
basis
development
aquaculture
strategies.