Variable Species Responses to Experimental Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Exposure

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2021

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was initially documented in Florida 2014 and outbreaks with similar characteristics have since appeared disparate areas throughout the northern Caribbean, causing significant declines communities. SCTLD is characterized by focal or multifocal lesions of denuded skeleton caused rapid affects at least 22 reef-building species Caribbean corals. A tissue-loss consistent case definition first observed U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) January 2019 off south shore St. Thomas Flat Cay. The objective present study to characterize susceptibility a controlled laboratory transmission experiment. Fragments six corals ( Colpophyllia natans , Montastraea cavernosa Orbicella annularis Porites astreoides Pseudodiploria strigosa Siderastrea siderea ) were simultaneously incubated (but did not physically contact) SCTLD-affected colonies Diploria labyrinthiformis monitored for lesion appearance over an 8 day experimental period. Paired fragments from each corresponding genotype equivalently exposed apparently healthy D. serve as controls; none these developed When progressed treatment, affected fragment, its control genet, removed preserved future analysis. Based on measures including prevalence incidence, relative risk development, progression rates, O. annularis, C. S. showed greatest USVI. These exhibited earlier average development lesions, higher greater prevalence, faster rates compared other species, some which are considered be more susceptible based field observations (e.g., P. ). rate comparable tank studies Florida, even though donor differed. Our findings suggest that affecting reefs USVI has epizootiology regions, particularly Florida.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the effectiveness of two intervention methods for stony coral tissue loss disease on Montastraea cavernosa

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2021

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first observed in Florida 2014 and has since spread to multiple reefs across the wider Caribbean. The northern section of Florida's Coral Reef been heavily impacted by this outbreak, with some experiencing as much a 60% living area. We experimentally assessed effectiveness two intervention treatments on SCTLD-affected Montastraea cavernosa colonies situ. Colonies were tagged divided into three treatment groups: (1) chlorinated epoxy, (2) amoxicillin combined CoreRx/Ocean Alchemists Base 2B, (3) untreated controls. experimental monitored periodically over 11 months assess tracking lesion development overall status. 2B plus had 95% success rate at healing individual lesions but did not necessarily prevent treated from developing new time. Chlorinated epoxy significantly different control colonies, suggesting that are an ineffective technique for SCTLD. results experiment expand management options during outbreaks contribute knowledge regarding health disease.

Язык: Английский

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Chemical and genomic characterization of a potential probiotic treatment for stony coral tissue loss disease

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023

Abstract Considered one of the most devastating coral disease outbreaks in history, stony tissue loss (SCTLD) is currently spreading throughout Florida’s reefs and greater Caribbean. SCTLD affects at least two dozen different species has been implicated extensive losses cover. Here we show Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain McH1-7 broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against SCTLD-associated bacterial isolates. Chemical analyses indicated produces potential antibacterials, korormicin tetrabromopyrrole, while genomic analysis identified genes potentially encoding an L-amino acid oxidase multiple metalloproteases (pseudoalterins). During laboratory trials, arrested or slowed progression on 68.2% diseased Montastraea cavernosa fragments treated ( n = 22), it prevented transmission by 100% 12). chemically characterized probiotic that effective prophylactic direct treatment for destructive as well a alternative to antibiotic use.

Язык: Английский

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A meta-analysis of the stony coral tissue loss disease microbiome finds key bacteria in unaffected and lesion tissue in diseased colonies

ISME Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Abstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has been causing significant whole colony mortality on reefs in Florida and the Caribbean. The cause of SCTLD remains unknown, with limited concurrence SCTLD-associated bacteria among studies. We conducted a meta-analysis 16S ribosomal RNA gene datasets generated by 16 field laboratory studies to find consistent associated across zones (vulnerable, endemic, epidemic), species, compartments (mucus, tissue, skeleton), health states (apparently healthy (AH), unaffected (DU) lesion (DL) from diseased colonies). also evaluated seawater sediment, which may be sources transmission. Although AH colonies endemic epidemic harbor lesions, aquaria samples had distinct microbial compositions, there were still clear differences composition AH, DU, DL combined dataset. Alpha-diversity between was not different; however, DU showed increased alpha-diversity compared indicating that, prior formation, corals undergo disturbance microbiome. This driven Flavobacteriales, especially enriched DU. In DL, Rhodobacterales Peptostreptococcales–Tissierellales prominent structuring interactions. predict an enrichment alpha-toxin is typically found Clostridia. provide consensus during formation identify how these taxa vary studies, compartments, seawater, sediment.

Язык: Английский

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Stony coral tissue loss disease: a review of emergence, impacts, etiology, diagnostics, and intervention

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is destructive and poses a significant threat to Caribbean reef ecosystems. Characterized by the acute of tissue, SCTLD has impacted over 22 stony species across region, leading visible declines in health. Based on duration, lethality, host range, spread this disease, considered most devastating outbreak ever recorded. Researchers are actively investigating cause transmission SCTLD, but exact mechanisms, triggers, etiological agent(s) remain elusive. If left unchecked, could have profound implications for health resilience reefs worldwide. To summarize what known about identify potential knowledge gaps, review provides holistic overview research, including susceptibility, transmission, ecological impacts, etiology, diagnostic tools, defense treatments. Additionally, future research avenues highlighted, which also relevant other diseases. As continues spread, collaborative efforts necessary develop effective strategies mitigating its impacts critical These need include researchers from diverse backgrounds underrepresented groups provide additional perspectives that requires creative urgent solutions.

Язык: Английский

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Algal symbiont genera but not coral host genotypes correlate to stony coral tissue loss disease susceptibility among Orbicella faveolata colonies in South Florida

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has spread throughout the entirety of Florida’s Coral Reef (FCR) and across Caribbean, impacting at least 30 species. The threatened hermatypic coral, Orbicella faveolata , demonstrates intraspecific variation in SCTLD affectedness with some colonies experiencing chronic lesions, while other nearby O. appear unaffected no signs over long monitoring periods. This study evaluated potential genotypic underpinnings variable responses to by sampling 90 from southeast Florida lower Keys. High resolution analyses >11,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated 2bRAD sequencing indicated there were SNP loci or genetic lineages significantly associated affectedness. Genotypic differences may still contribute susceptibility; however, these not captured using this reduced representation approach. Algal symbiont community structure characterized data revealed that presence Durusdinium spp. corresponded SCTLD-affected as compared colonies, suggesting algal make-up play role resistance. Data will be combined complementary molecular physiological approaches further investigate complex drivers susceptibility resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Recovery disparity between coral cover and the physical functionality of reefs with impaired coral assemblages

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(3), С. 640 - 651

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2020

Abstract The ecology and structure of many tropical coral reefs have been markedly altered over the past few decades. Although long‐term recovery has observed in terms cover, it is not clear how novel species configurations shape reef functionality impaired reefs. identities life‐history strategies corals that recover are essential for understanding functional dynamics. We used a identity approach to quantify physical outcomes 13 year period across 56 sites Mexican Caribbean. This region was affected by multiple stressors converged drastically damaged early 2000s. Since then, shown evidence modest cover. Bayesian linear models annual rates change estimate temporal changes Moreover, diversity framework explore composition traits those assemblages. Between 2005 2018, increased at lower rate compared disparity between depended on (mainly non‐framework foliose‐digitate corals). No dominance or trait were observed, whereas building consistently dominated most cover potential may provide some ecological benefits, effects frameworks remain unclear, as key reef‐building observed. Our findings likely be representative wider Caribbean basin, declines rapid increases relative abundance weedy reported regionally. A assess turnover needed understand

Язык: Английский

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Regional coral disease outbreak overwhelms impacts from a local dredge project

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 191(10)

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Coupled Epidemio-Hydrodynamic Modeling to Understand the Spread of a Deadly Coral Disease in Florida

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2020

For the last six years, Florida Reef Tract (FRT) has been experiencing an outbreak of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD). First reported off coast Miami-Dade County in 2014, SCTLD since spread throughout entire FRT with exception Dry Tortugas. However, causative agent for this is currently unknown. Here we show how a high-resolution bio-physical model coupled modified patch Susceptible-Infectious-Removed epidemic can characterize potential agent(s) disease and its vector. In present study, assumed to be transported within composite material (e.g., coral mucus, dying tissues, and/or resuspended sediments) driven by currents potentially persisting water column extended periods time. framework, our simulations suggest that likely propagated neutrally buoyant mean barotropic currents. Calibration parameters field data shows corals are diseased transmission time 6.45 days, basic reproduction number slightly above 1. Furthermore, propagation speed through shown occur well-defined range values threshold, defined as fraction causes exponential growth reef site. Our results new connectivity-based approach understand FRT. Such method provide valuable complement observations lab experiments support management well identification agent.

Язык: Английский

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A Framework to Manage Coastal Squeeze

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(24), С. 10610 - 10610

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2020

The coastal zone is in a critical state worldwide, due to the loss and fragmentation of its ecosystems. Much this caused by long-term anthropic local, regional, or global actions, which drive squeeze processes. Most criteria evaluate effects are focused on merely identifying effect zone. Here, we propose framework manage (identify, analyze, quantify, tackle) squeeze. This DESCR examines relations between Drivers, Exchanges, States environment subsequently chronic, negative Consequences determine possible Responses. To illustrate application framework, Puerto Morelos, Mexican Caribbean, was studied using approach. We analyzed systemic interactions among ecosystems area, such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, beach, dunes, mangroves, have been altered over last decades, resulting severe Recommended responses include urgent measures for ecosystem management mitigate

Язык: Английский

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