Quantitative psychological research is focused on detecting the occurrence of certain population phenomena by analyzing data from a sample, and statistics is a particularly helpful mathematical tool that is used by researchers to evaluate hypotheses and make decisions to accept or reject such hypotheses. In this paper, the various statistical tools in psychological research are reviewed. The limitations of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and the advantages of using effect size and its respective confidence intervals are explained, as the latter two measurements can provide important information about the results of a study. These measurements also can facilitate data interpretation …
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
149(6), С. 522 - 522
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2023
Hearing
loss
is
a
highly
prevalent
condition,
with
numerous
debilitating
consequences
when
left
untreated.
However,
less
than
20%
of
US
adults
hearing
use
aids.
Over-the-counter
(OTC)
aids
became
available
in
October
2022
to
improve
access
and
affordability.
clinical
effectiveness
studies
OTC
using
the
existing
devices
market
are
limited.
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
150(9), С. 765 - 765
Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024
Importance
With
rising
interest
in
over-the-counter
(OTC)
hearing
aids
as
an
alternative
to
traditional
audiologist-fit
devices,
understanding
their
long-term
efficacy
is
crucial.
However,
given
the
novelty
of
US
Food
and
Drug
Administration
category
OTC
aids,
minimal
evidence
currently
supports
efficacy.
Objective
To
compare
self-reported
outcomes
at
8
months
self-fit
same
fit
by
audiologists.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
Building
on
a
previous
randomized
clinical
trial,
this
follow-up
comparative
effectiveness
research
study
reassessed
number
original
participants
that
were
not
lost
follow-up.
initially
divided
into
those
with
devices.
Approximately
after
fitting,
completed
questionnaires.
Missing
data
addressed
through
multiple
imputation.
The
noninferiority
trial
was
conducted
University
Pretoria
South
Africa
from
April
2022
August
2022.
current
analysis
took
place
between
July
7,
2023,
November
20,
2023.
Interventions
In
device
group
received
pair
independently
them
remote
support
needed.
certified
audiologist
using
best
practices.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
main
aid
benefit,
measured
Abbreviated
Profile
Hearing
Aid
Benefit
(APHAB)
International
Outcome
Inventory
for
Aids
(IOI-HA).
Results
Of
64
44
included
extension
(21
[47.7%]
group;
23
[52.3%]
group).
mean
(SD)
age
these
63.0
(13.2)
years,
21
(47.7%)
male.
At
follow-up,
groups
showed
no
significant
differences
APHAB
global
score
(mean
difference,
0.02
[95%
CI,
−7.1
7.1];
Cohen
d
,
0.01
−0.5
0.5])
or
IOI-HA
total
1.5
−1.4
4.4];
0.3
−0.2
0.8]).
From
6
weeks
months,
clinically
meaningful
group-time
interaction
found
(Cohen
0.1
0.3]),
but
−0.6
−0.8
−0.3]),
generally
performing
better.
Conclusion
This
demonstrated
can
offer
comparable
benefits
individuals
mild
moderate
loss.
Under-
and
overamplification
of
sound
is
a
common
problem
in
hearing
aid
fitting.
This
paper
describes
the
implementation
two
new
variants
noise
test
for
quantifying
aided
at
lower
upper
ends
range
everyday-life
levels.
We
present
results
from
experiments
carried
out
with
30
adult
users
to
determine
respective
test–retest
reliabilities.
Participants
completed
battery
consisting
standard
Danish
test,
variant
targeting
threshold
audibility
limit
loudness
discomfort.
The
participants
twice
reliability
analysis.
revealed
significant
difference
between
retest
both
variants.
However,
effect
sizes
differences
were
all
very
small.
A
calculation
Pearson
correlation
coefficients
showed
that
had
strong
correlations
retest.
within-subject
deviations
determined
be
0.8
dB
0.9
lower-end
2.2
upper-end
test.
findings
demonstrate
have
high
reliabilities,
thus
can
provide
consistent
reliable
results.
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
10(1), С. 65 - 65
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
Background:
A
commonly
observed
phenomenon
is
that
although
the
players
in
a
baseball
team
have
received
same
training
content
and
volume,
their
batting
performance
quite
different.
As
no
optimal
solution
exists
for
this
problem
at
present,
study
attempted
to
explore
potential
of
heart
rate
variability
biofeedback
(HRVB)
reduce
anxiety
improve
university
players.
Materials
Methods:
total
18
college
were
randomly
divided
into
an
experimental
group
control
group.
Both
groups
answered
questionnaires
had
physiological
signals
measured
on
first
last
days
experiment
(i.e.,
0
10,
respectively).
Only
HRVB
between
(10
total).
Results:
The
results
showed
before
training,
significant
differences
found
physiological,
psychological,
or
parameters
two
groups.
Compared
group,
following
notable
decrease
cognitive
(before
HRVB:
23.56
±
4.07;
after
20.11
4.78;
p
<
0.05)
improved
significantly
(batting
score
increased
from
9.8
11.7
19.8
12.0
HRVB;
0.05).
Conclusions:
This
validated
use
can
help
Therefore,
be
applied
competition
matches,
helping
perform
better.
Research in Nursing & Health,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 21, 2025
Malpractice,
which
occurs
when
a
reasonable
standard
of
service
cannot
be
provided,
is
critical
situation
in
nursing
care
and
interventions.
Nurses'
tendency
toward
medical
errors
burnout
levels
are
important
due
to
their
impact
on
patient
safety
the
quality
care.
This
study
was
conducted
investigate
nurses'
malpractice
tendencies
relationship
between
two.
The
data
this
descriptive,
cross-sectional,
correlational
were
collected
from
292
nurses
working
training
research
hospital
Istanbul
province
January
February
2021.
A
Descriptive
Information
Form,
Malpractice
Trend
Scale
Nursing
(MTSN),
Maslach
Burnout
Inventory
(MBI)
used
collect
data.
In
analysis,
internal
consistency
coefficient,
non-parametric
comparisons,
correlation
analyses
performed.
mean
age
participating
31.13
±
7.87
years;
79.8%
women,
50.7%
single,
68.5%
had
an
undergraduate
degree.
When
opinions
about
examined,
it
determined
that
88.7%
not
committed
before
53.4%
witnessed
someone
who
malpractice.
overall
MTSN
score
233.48
15.32.
Their
18.20
8.83
emotional
exhaustion
subscale,
8.07
3.86
depersonalization
21.31
4.00
personal
accomplishment
subscale.
reliability
coefficients
scales
subscales
ranged
0.61
0.95.
There
significant
difference
scale
MBI
according
positions
satisfaction
with
environment
(p
<
0.05).
negative
found
scores
total
(r
=
-0.314)
-0.293)
subscales,
positive
statistically
0.001)
existed
0.359)
level
associated
Taking
measures
prevent
experiencing
may
for
reducing
errors.
These
will
reflected
better
quality.
Resilience
to
disease
is
a
process
of
positive
adaptation
despite
the
loss
health,
it
involves
development
vitality
and
skills
overcome
negative
effects
adversity,
risks,
vulnerability
caused
by
disease.
In
Mexico,
cancer
leading
cause
death
in
children.
Both
diagnosis
treatment
childhood
affect
health
family
caregivers.
However,
resilience
personality
trait
that
can
be
protective
these
situations.
Therefore,
an
important
psychological
construct
measure,
evaluate
develop
specific
populations
contexts.
scale
assess
this
has
been
developed.
This
study
aimed
test
reliability
factor
structure
Mexican
Measurement
Scale
(RESI-M),
describe
its
distribution,
relationship
with
sociodemographic
variables,
verify
concurrent
validity
well-being,
depression,
anxiety
parental
stress
independence
from
social
desirability.
A
cross-sectional
was
conducted
involving
intentional
nonprobability
sample
330
caregivers
children
hospitalized
at
National
Institute
Health
Mexico
City.
The
participants
responded
variables
questionnaire,
RESI-M,
five
other
assessment
scales.
Overall
internal
consistency
very
high
(ordinal
alpha
=
.976).
confirmatory
analysis
demonstrated
five-factor
model
had
close
fit
data:
NFI
.970,
CFI
.997,
SRMR
.055,
RMSEA
.019.
distributions
RESI-M
total
score
followed
normal
distribution.
correlated
positively
well-being
negatively
anxiety.
overall
also
age,
but
there
no
difference
means
between
women
men.
independent
shows
does
not
show
bias
relation
