Децентрализованные автономные организации (ДАО): проблемы квалификации и выбора применимого права

Law Journal of the Higher School of Economics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 1, С. 191 - 216

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Децентрализованные автономные организации (ДАО) получают все большую популярность в интернет-пространстве, а с ней — и признание правовых системах различных государств. Данный процесс связан прежде всего развитием криптоиндустрии, легализацией майнинга, том числе России. Майнинг может осуществляться субъектами как самостоятельно, так путем объединения майнинг-пулы, имеющие сходную ДАО природу. Отличительной чертой данных организаций является децентрализованный характер процессов управления функционирования, которые оказываются вовлечены практически участники сетевого сообщества. Деятельность носит трансграничный характер, что позволяет рассматривать ее качестве специфического участника международных частных правоотношений. Данное правовое явление требует отдельного изучения таких проблем МЧП, квалификация разрешение предварительного коллизионного вопроса, также формулирование основных подходов к выбору применимого права. В статье на основе сравнительно-правового формально-юридического методов выделены рассмотрены квалифицирующие признаки ДАО: цифровая форма корпоративных правоотношений, децентрализованность, автономность, конфиденциальность подчиненность lex cryptographica. Оптимальным решением вопроса признается по праву страны, которой она была создана. Если место учреждения установить невозможно, допускается суда. Выбор компетентного права ставится зависимость от вида ДАО. отношении цифровых юридических лиц юридически оформленных элементов гибридной будут применяться традиционные коллизионно-правовые принципы. Правом, применимым «чистой» ДАО, предлагается считать право, регулирующее лежащее сообщества соглашение между его участниками. свете указанных предпринята попытка определить правовой статус их коллизионно-правовое регулирование точки зрения российского международного частного соотносится такими известными нашему корпоративными формами, простое товарищество, общественная организация без образования юридического лица гражданско-правовое сообщество.

Язык: Русский

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Decentralized justice: state of the art, recurring criticisms and next-generation research topics

Frontiers in Blockchain, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2023

Decentralized justice is a novel approach to online dispute resolution based on blockchain, crowdsourcing and game theory for adjudicating claims in neutral efficient way. Since the launch of first decentralized platform 2018, field has attracted wide interest both from practitioners academics Web3 resolution. The ideas decentralization, economic incentives claim fairness its decisions. At current stage development, facing number technical, market, legal ethical challenges further development. This paper provides review short history justice, addresses recurrent topics lays down path future exploration.

Язык: Английский

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The Right to Choose Non-Law: How to Open Pandora’s Box with Lex Voluntatis

Lex Russica, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12, С. 9 - 21

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2021

The autonomy of the will parties (lex voluntatis) is one central institutions private international law that, in context proliferation non-legal subject matter, multiplying sources non-state regulation, and also due to conceptualization institution “rules law” practice world arbitrations, acquires a new methodological meaning requires its rethinking. paper examines from different angles: as principle conflict laws, substantive institution, mechanism for legitimizing norms regulation. today visible potential legal basis construction special, possibly “hybrid,” regulatory regime cross-border law, mainly contractual relations, it becomes form expression right choose non-law. Interpreting through prism theory admitting choice regulation applicable can pose serious risk both agreements law-enforcer terms conflicting author concludes that acknowledgement authorizes non-law, fact, means fragmented space, which itself differs significantly state state, collide with rapidly scalable, even more heterogeneous array emanating actors. This normative superstructure be characterized non-law development adjustment an appropriate methodology law.

Язык: Английский

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Foreign Law in the Relations Paradigm Involving a Foreign Element

Lecture notes in networks and systems, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown, С. 108 - 115

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Application of Smart Contracts and Blockchain Platforms in Cross-Border Oil and Gas Transactions: Aggravation of Conflict-of-Laws Problem

Actual Problems of Russian Law, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 15(6), С. 84 - 94

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2020

Modern international hydrocarbons turnover is becoming more autonomous and decentralized. This process facilitated not only by the introduction into contractual practice of such network technologies as smart contracts blockchain platforms, but also wide dissemination sources non-governmental regulation (lex petrolea). In context paradigm private law, classic problem conflict laws exacerbated. The author considers conflict-of-laws aspects use based on technology in cross-border oil gas transactions, taking account fact that computer algorithms does create a new contract, special form transaction. Such “automated” transactions sector involving multiple jurisdictions uncertainty their legal regime. absence comprehensive substantive regulation, connection with phenomenon lex petrolea, method predominates. shares his reasoning concerning possibility extending application Regulation No. 593/2008 European Parliament Council Union “On Law to be Applicable obligations (Rome I)” contracts. concludes existing quite applicable transactions. Another question whether which virtue rule, provides for an appropriate basis. To date, legislation has been passed several American states. It predicted future, law will determine contracts, guide disseminating positive experience different countries.

Язык: Английский

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Private International Law as Art

Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9, С. 41 - 51

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023

Private international law stands apart in the legal system due to its special subject and method. Currently, potential of private is being revealed a new way emergence type “space” — cyberspace, many traditional institutions problems are finding opportunities for interpretation or solution. At core, right avant-garde, connection with which idea arose considering individual through prism art. And it was work Belgian artist Rene Magritte that, according author, turned out be most tune sought-after issues law. This article an exclusively author’s attempt combine matter painting, aimed at illustration help artistic form content.

Язык: Английский

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Selected E-commerce Customs in Russia and China: Comparative Analysis

Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12, С. 871 - 881

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2023

The article examines the experience of regulating e-commerce in Russian Federation and China, mainly terms compliance with contractual norms, settlement business disputes protection consumer rights. We can conclude that if use positive norms predominates Federation, then PRC quite successfully uses ordinary revised adapted to needs today — both at national level practice cross-border trade transactions (the formation a new customary law lex mercatoria). It is especially worth noting signifi cant role mediation as method resolving disputes, which widespread PRC. historical, cultural current cance allows us talk about it legal custom has found its place system modern legislation

Язык: Английский

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Interdisciplinary approach by IT-technologies implementation into the civil procedure

Journal of Physics Conference Series, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2210(1), С. 012002 - 012002

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

Abstract This article substantiates that the demand for large research projects of mega class in field social sciences is very high today. The system regulators public relations faced with unprecedented challenges: from need to develop state and world policies regarding regulation use AI cyberspace determination boundaries possible replacement humans information technologies. key aspect this discourse activity ensure protection rights civil procedure. In area, there a an interdisciplinary transnational nature research. World legal practice needs uniform approach digitalization law, status IT-information, its cognitive court1. Introduction

Язык: Английский

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The Code of Oleron as a Source of Military Criminal Law

Russian Journal of Criminology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(3), С. 411 - 421

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2022

In this article, the author introduces into academic circulation a historical monument of early 12th century — Code Oleron (the Rolls Oleron) by Eleanor Aquitaine, which has not been analyzed criminologists earlier. The genesis normative legal act and forms its objectivization are researched. justifies following theses: 1) primarily, code is source criminal law specifically as it dominated clauses, sanctions, so civil law; 2) text can be classified transition from norm formulated in format to act; 3) document reflects an emerging trend for proto-globalization 4) unique correlation between individual regulation relations contains permanently enlarged segment precedent acts we see legally formalized open organic system with self-development); 5) developed symbiosis clauses canonical secular public (anathematization punishment), corporal punishments fines, grounds prosecution exemption liability); 6) was that universal principle spatial validity formulated, more or less logically complete form, first time. Besides, such exotic corpus delicti pilot’s fraud, coastal looting, passive piracy analyzed. presents description determines vectors influence Law had on formation medieval most European states (and even Rus’). also researched specific procedural features resolving conflicts at sea zone conditioned status ship’s captain his crew, limits liability seaport’s officials, owners territories their population, procedure determining methods size damages inflicted criminals, should compensated for.

Язык: Английский

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Transformation of the principles of international private law in the digital age

SHS Web of Conferences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109, С. 01003 - 01003

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The article focuses on the problem of transformation content principles international private law in context digital development state, society and economy. implementation relation to main types cross-border public relations related technologies are studied. It is established that technologies, most obvious can be traced precisely process concluding executing smart contracts. A contract does not fit into traditional criteria for determining either a civil or foreign economic transaction. There no uniform legal understanding this phenomenon. noted norms regulating modern use should built (along with other industry categories) basis law, which, turn, transformed connection needs correspond them.

Язык: Английский

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