The Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Cannabis Use and Associated Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Background: Recreational cannabis legalization has become more prevalent over the past decade, increasing need to understand its impact on downstream health-related outcomes. Although prior reviews have broadly summarized research liberalization policies (including decriminalization and medical legalization), directed efforts are needed synthesize recent that focuses recreational specifically. Thus, current review summarizes existing studies using longitudinal designs evaluate impacts of use related Method: A comprehensive bibliographic search strategy revealed 61 published from 2016 2022 met criteria for inclusion. The were predominantly United States (66.2%) primarily utilized self-report data (for attitudes) or administrative health-related, driving, crime outcomes). Results: Five main categories outcomes identified through review: other substance use, attitudes toward cannabis, health-care utilization, driving-related outcomes, crime-related extant literature mixed findings, including some evidence negative consequences (such as increased young adult cannabis-related healthcare visits, impaired driving) minimal little change in adolescent rates, changes attitudes). Conclusions: Overall, reveals a number legalization, although findings generally do not suggest large magnitude short-term impacts. highlights systematic investigation, particularly across greater diversity geographic regions.

Язык: Английский

---

Cannabis and Pregnancy: A Review

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 78(7), С. 411 - 428

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Importance Prenatal cannabis use is rising and a major public health issue. Cannabis in pregnancy during lactation has been associated with increased maternal offspring morbidity mortality. Objective This review aims to summarize the existing literature current recommendations for or lactation. Evidence Acquisition A PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar search using following terms was performed gather relevant data: “cannabis,” “cannabinoid,” “delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol,” “THC,” “cannabidiol,” “fetal outcomes,” “perinatal “pregnancy,” “lactation.” Results Available studies on were reviewed support an association risk of preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age infants. Conclusion Relevance There critical need research effects necessary first step before furthering patient education, developing interventions, targeting antenatal surveillance ameliorate adverse impacts fetal health. Target Audience Obstetricians gynecologists, family physicians, pediatricians Learning Objectives After participating this activity, learner should be better able describe options treatment disorder; explain common forms cannabinoids available use; discuss screening pregnancy.

Язык: Английский

---

Risk of adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women consuming recreational drugs during pregnancy

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Abstract Background Previously conducted studies have observed an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes with prenatal exposure to cocaine opioids. However, these used drug-free reference groups which did not efficiently control for confounders associated polysubstance use in pregnancy. Thus, we observational study compare the obstetrical women who consumed and/or opioids during pregnancy only cannabis Methods This was data collected from pregnant followed addiction beginning their until childbirth at perinatal consultation center Addi-Vie CHUV Lausanne, Switzerland. Women reported consuming cocaine, opioids, or both along without were included exposed group, while group. We assessed two composite namely: outcome (4 outcomes) (7 outcomes). Weighted logistic regression weights obtained through inverse probability treatment weighting conducted. For this analysis, a conditional odds ratio (OR ) 95% confidence interval (CI). Results 177 study, 80 group 97 In 81.2% 39.9% opioid reduced : 0.39, CI: 0.17–0.88) compared use. also that 3.88 3.88, 1.23–12.23) times higher experiencing our Conclusion Prenatal is increase outcomes. Encouraging substance users seek antenatal care earlier stages targeted approaches interprofessional collaboration could prevent such

Язык: Английский

---

Current Approaches to Following Up Women and Newborns After Discharge From Childbirth Facilities: A Scoping Review

Global Health Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. e2300377 - e2300377

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

The postpartum period is critical for the health and well-being of women newborns, but there limited research on most effective methods post-childbirth follow-up. This scoping review synthesizes evidence from high-, middle-, low-income countries approaches to following up individuals after discharge childbirth facilities.

Язык: Английский

---

The impact of correlated exposures and missing data on multiple informant models used to identify critical exposure windows

Statistics in Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(8), С. 1171 - 1187

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2023

There has been heightened interest in identifying critical windows of exposure for adverse health outcomes; that is, time points during which exposures have the greatest impact on a person's health. Multiple informant models implemented using generalized estimating equations (MIM GEEs) applied to address this research question because they enable statistical comparisons differences associations across windows. As rises MIMs, feasibility and appropriateness their application under settings correlated partially missing measurements requires further examination. We evaluated correlation between data power association estimated by MIM GEE an inverse probability weighted extension account informatively exposures. assessed these operating characteristics variety structures, sample sizes, mechanisms considering various exposure‐outcome scenarios. showed applying GEEs maintains higher when there is single window measures are not highly correlated, but may result low bias other settings. methods study pregnant women living with HIV explore trimester‐specific viral load infant neurodevelopment.

Язык: Английский

---

Mental health, substance use, and risky sexual behaviors among women living with HIV

Journal of Nursing Scholarship, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 55(3), С. 751 - 760

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Abstract Introduction Risky sexual behavior has been explored in women living with HIV (WLHIV) internationally but is not well studied WLHIV the United States (U.S.). This merits further investigation due to negative reproductive and health outcomes associated risky behavior, such as increased risk for transmission infertility from sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aims of this study are (1) describe behaviors a cohort Florida, (2) determine whether demographic characteristics, substance use, mental symptoms (3) explore relationship between use differs reproductive‐age (age 18–49), compared non‐reproductive‐age 50+). Design was cross‐sectional analysis data multisite done Florida. Methods Data were collected sample 304 participants who recruited into Florida Cohort Study 9 clinical community sites 2014 2017. predictor variables interest symptoms, variables. outcome variable which defined reporting ≥1 following: at least one STI diagnosis past 12 months, two or more partners any inconsistent condom months. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, logistic regression ( p < 0.1) conducted on interest. Results mean age 47.8 years, approximately half (51.6%) reproductive‐age. Reporting reported over 32% sample. Binge drinking, alcohol‐related problems, marijuana all significantly self‐reporting WLHIV. Self‐reporting binge high problems score respectively odds Neither nor race/ethnicity education severe anxiety scores only Conclusion Marijuana appear have regardless age. Reproductive‐age also appears influence WLHIV, specific increases engaging behavior. Clinical Significance holds significance nurses other clinicians working settings clinics indicate that it could be beneficial do screening (particularly anxiety) alcohol younger

Язык: Английский

---

Exploration Into Patterns of Cannabis Use Across Pregnancy and Postpartum

Journal of Addiction Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

Peripartum cannabis use can be harmful to pregnant individual's and children's health, yet it is the most used illicit substance during peripartum period. Despite ability of some people reduce abstain from pregnancy, first year postpartum a high-risk time for returning cannabis. However, characterization patterns in period risk factors return are not well established. The aims this exploratory study were describe identify associated with increased frequency among individuals who reported reduced pregnancy.

Язык: Английский

---

Changes in prenatal cannabis‐related diagnosed disorders after the Cannabis Act and the COVID‐19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada

Addiction, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 119(10), С. 1784 - 1791

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Public health concerns regarding pregnant women's after the enactment of Cannabis Act in Canada (CAC) (a law that allowed non-medical cannabis use), and potential impact COVID-19 pandemic, call for a contemporary assessment these two events. Our study measured associations between CAC, pandemic monthly prevalence rates cannabis-, all drug- alcohol-related diagnosed disorders among women province Quebec.

Язык: Английский

---

Health Outcomes around Pregnancy and Exposure to HIV/Antiretrovirals (HOPE) study protocol: a prospective observational cohort study of reproductive-aged women living with HIV

BMJ Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7), С. e084835 - e084835

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Introduction Over 265 000 women are living with HIV in the USA, but limited research has investigated physical, mental and behavioural health outcomes among of reproductive age. Health status during years before, after pregnancy affects long-term health. Understanding age is substantial public importance, regardless whether they experience pregnancy. The Outcomes around Pregnancy Exposure to HIV/Antiretrovirals (HOPE) study a prospective observational cohort designed investigate physical young as age, including disease course, engagement care, choices cardiometabolic We describe HOPE design, characteristics first 437 participants enrolled 1 January 2024. Methods analysis seeks enrol follow 1630 those perinatally-acquired HIV, at 12 clinical sites across 9 US states Puerto Rico. studies multilevel dynamic determinants influencing social well-being behaviours life course (preconception, pregnancy, post partum, not or never-pregnant), informed by socioecological model. Key areas include relationship antiretroviral medications health, comorbidities influence racism began enrolling April 2022. Ethics dissemination received approval from Harvard Longwood Campus Institutional Review Board, single institutional review board record for all sites. Results will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals lay summaries.

Язык: Английский

---

Substance use during pregnancy and postpartum among individuals with perinatally-acquired HIV in the United States

AIDS, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(15), С. 2103 - 2107

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024

Use of cannabis and alcohol were common during pregnancy the first year postpartum among people with HIV in United States (2007-2019), but there no major differences substance use based on mode acquisition. The relatively high prevalence this population, particularly use, warrants further attention.

Язык: Английский

---