Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnoses in Finland During the COVID-19 Pandemic

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(6), С. e2418204 - e2418204

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

Importance Several reports suggest an increase in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This nationwide study assessed new ADHD diagnoses and prevalence before Objective To investigate trends diagnoses, prevalence, medication use from 2015 to 2022 Finland. Design, Setting, Participants longitudinal cohort comprised entire Finnish population. were obtained registers at 3 time points: (2020) after (2022) Data analyzed January June 2022. Main outcomes Measures New lifetime use. Results The 5 572 420 individuals (2 819 645 women [50.6%]). Lifetime of increased by 2.7-fold 2022; was 1.02% (95% CI, 1.01%-1.03%), 1.80% 2020 1.79%-1.81%), 2.76% 2.75%-2.77%). Young men aged 13 20 years had highest 11.68% 11.56%-11.81%) doubled pandemic, 238 per 100 000 477 pandemic-associated incremental 18.60% 16.47%-20.49%; 9482 50 897 cases). a 2.6-fold 577 1488 2022, 21 30 3.0-fold increase, 361 1100 000. 2.9-fold among those older than 55 (from 14 men). Boys younger absolute rate (1745 000), but boys young did not show significant diagnoses. purchases 0.57% 0.56%-0.58%) (31 771 [55.62%] with diagnosis), 1.15% 1.14%-1.16%) (64 034 [63.83%]), 1.69% CI 1.68%-1.70%) (92 557 [61.43%]), respectively. Conclusions Relevance In this study, showed Finland relation These results highlight potential adverse changes living conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Prescription Stimulant Dispensing to US Children: 2017–2023

PEDIATRICS, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in prescription stimulant dispensing to children aged 5 17 years associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and shortage of immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall), which was announced October 2022. METHODS We analyzed 2017 2023 IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, captures 92% US prescriptions. Using an interrupted time series design, we evaluated level slope monthly stimulant-dispensing rate (number per 100 000 children) March 2020 RESULTS In 2020, declined −454.9 (95% CI, −572.6 −337.2), 18.8% decrease relative January 2017. After this increased 12.7 month 6.6–18.8). 2022, there no change (−39.7 000; 95% −189.9 110.5) or (−12.1 month; −27.5 3.3), although estimates were negative. During a for increase dexmethylphenidate. CONCLUSIONS Stimulant after began. Dispensing may also have but not significant, partly because decreased offset by other stimulants. Findings suggest prompted switch alternative Future research should whether any switches led adverse events.

Язык: Английский

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Methylphenidate stabilizes dynamic brain network organization during tasks probing attention and reward processing in stimulant-naïve children with ADHD

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Abstract Children with ADHD often exhibit fluctuations in attention and heightened reward sensitivity. Psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), improve these behaviors many, but not all, children ADHD. Given the extent to which psychostimulants are prescribed for children, coupled variable efficacy on an individual level, a better understanding of mechanisms through MPH changes brain function behavior is necessary. MPH’s primary action catecholamines, including dopamine norepinephrine. Catecholaminergic signaling can influence tradeoff between flexibility stability function, one candidate mechanism may alter behavior. Time-varying functional connectivity, models how networks reconfigure short timescales, be used examine versus stability, thus well-suited test impacts function. Here, we scanned stimulant-naïve (8-12 years) off single dose MPH. In MRI machine, participants completed two attention-demanding tasks: 1) standard go/no-go task 2) rewarded task. For both tasks, using within-subjects design, compared degree organization changed throughout course scan, termed whole flexibility, We found that decreased Further, individuals greater decreases exhibited improvements performance. Together, results provide novel insights into neurobiological underlying effectiveness administration

Язык: Английский

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An Update on the Stimulant Shortage and Practical Guidance for the Pediatric Prescriber

Clinical Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Association Between Telehealth Initiation Of Stimulant Therapy And New Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses

Health Affairs, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 44(3), С. 361 - 369

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Policy makers have temporarily extended COVID-19 pandemic-related flexibilities allowing controlled substance prescribing via telehealth without in-person visits. To inform debates regarding whether these should be permanent, we used commercial and Medicaid claims to evaluate the risk for newly diagnosed use disorders (SUDs) associated with versus initiation of stimulant therapy. Analyses included 77,153 patients ages 12-64 prior SUD diagnoses who initiated therapy during 2021. The outcome was a new diagnosis within 365 days initiation. prevalence SUDs higher in group (3.7 percent 3.2 percent), as psychiatric comorbidities, which are known factors. In adjusted analyses, not an independent factor SUDs, this disappeared when comorbidities. same true stratified analyses by age, except among people 26-34. These findings suggest that extending might increase most patients. When stimulants being prescribed telehealth, measures prevent misuse may particularly important

Язык: Английский

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Socioeconomic status and prescribing of ADHD medications: a study of ICB-level data in England

BMJ Mental Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 28(1), С. e301384 - e301384

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Background Little is known about the impact of healthcare structural changes and socioeconomic indices, such as deprivation, mental health needs, inequalities, on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication prescribing across different regions in England. Objective The objective was to examine trends ADHD explore their association with factors. Methods A population-level observational study conducted using English Prescribing Dataset (from April 2019 March 2024) published by NHS Business Services Authority OpenPrescribing platform (Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, University Oxford). examined five licensed medications at national, regional integrated care board (ICB) levels, linear regression a generalised additive model between factors prescription rates. Findings prescriptions increased significantly from 25.17 items per 1000 population 2019/20 (pre-COVID-19) 41.55 2023/24 (post-COVID-19), an average annual increase 18% nationally. Methylphenidate remained most prescribed medication, while lisdexamfetamine showed highest growth rate (55% annually, 95% CI 40% 71%, p<0.01). Significant variations were observed, London experiencing (28%), Northeast Yorkshire lowest (13%). Socioeconomic factors, including ethnicity associated rates (p<0.05). Conclusions reveal substantial use England following COVID-19 pandemic, significant ICB levels complex influences. Clinical implications highlight need understand address drivers disparities optimising management strategies diverse populations.

Язык: Английский

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Genes and screens: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the digital age

The British Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 3

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

This editorial examines the rise of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in digital age, suggesting that excessive media use may mimic or exacerbate ADHD symptoms. We propose examining through lens a spectrum condition, highlighting importance considering both genetic and environmental factors its diagnosis treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Prescription Stimulant Use, Misuse, and Use Disorder Among US Adults Aged 18 to 64 Years

JAMA Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Importance Stimulants are increasingly prescribed for US adults. Whether such prescribing is associated with misuse and prescription stimulant use disorder (PSUD) less understood. Objectives To examine (1) sex- age-specific trends in the number of persons dispensed stimulants by prescriber specialty 2019 through 2022; (2) prevalence PSUD amphetamine-type (hereafter referred to as amphetamines ) methylphenidate; (3) sociodemographic behavioral health correlates among using without misuse. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional survey study used 2019-2022 IQVIA Total Patient Tracker National Prescription Audit New Brand databases 2021-2022 Surveys on Drug Use Health (NSDUH) (community-dwelling 18- 64-year-old individuals). Data analysis was performed from March April 2024. Exposure Past-year stimulants. Main Outcomes Measures DSM-5 criteria. Results Of sampled 83 762 adults aged 18 64 years, 33.8% (unweighted) were 25 53.0% 26 49 56.0% women. Among those stimulants, 25.3% (95% CI, 23.8%-26.8%) reported misuse, 9.0% 8.0%-10.0%) had PSUD. PSUD, 72.9% 68.3%-77.6%) solely their own 87.1% 82.3%-90.8%) amphetamines, 42.5% 36.6%-48.5%) no 63.6% 56.8%-69.8%) mild Individuals compared methylphenidate, higher ratios (3.1 [95% 2.2-4.3]) (2.2 1.3-3.8]). The largest increase individuals women 35 1.2 million quarter 1 1.7 4 2022 (average quarterly percentage change, 2.6% 2.1%-3.1%]). lower years these medications (13.7% 11.1%-16.8%]) than other subgroups (ranging 22.0% 17.9%-26.7%] men 35-64 36.8% 32.6%-41.2%] 18-25 years). Conclusions Relevance High (regardless status) suggests importance ensuring clinically appropriate screening treating all especially amphetamines. Findings may suggest potential progress addressing mental care gap middle-aged need evidence-based clinical guidance training benefits risks

Язык: Английский

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JAMA Psychiatry—The Year in Review 2024

JAMA Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Fluctuations in dispensed out-patient psychotropic medication prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Netherlands

BJPsych Open, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(2)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns had a significant impact on mental well-being (mental) healthcare systems globally. To describe trends dynamics of out-patient prescribing psychotropic medications during the in Netherlands. Dispensed medication prescriptions from March 2020 to 2022 were retrieved national registry data. Numbers total incident dispensed defined daily doses (DDDs) identified for six groups. Overall pandemic-related changes analysed using interrupted time-series analyses. Lockdown-related described monthly risk ratios. No overall detected, except alcohol addiction medication, which pre-pandemic decline DDDs levelled off pandemic: +10 per week (95% CI 7-11, P ≤ 0.001) +111 56-165, = 0.001). Monthly showed transient increases all groups second third lockdown periods. There decreases antidepressant opioid first (average ratios: 0.87 0.88 respectively), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder benzodiazepine elevated end 1.40, 1.12 1.17, respectively). These findings raise concerns regarding possible over- under-prescribing pandemic. Further understanding specific factors driving these is necessary help prepare future health(care) challenges.

Язык: Английский

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