Investigating self-reported compensation strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on Reddit: An analysis of user content from 2012-2023 with a focus on trends during COVID-19 (Preprint) DOI Creative Commons
Michael Liebrenz, Alexander Smith,

Juan Graña

et al.

Published: April 2, 2024

BACKGROUND Across the lifespan, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can cause functional impairments in various domains, with adults often employing compensation strategies to mitigate these deficits. Recently, social media platform, Reddit, has become a valuable platform for disorder-specific exchanges, particularly subreddits like r/ADHD. OBJECTIVE This investigation explored visibility and engagement around self-reported r/ADHD content between 2012-2023, assessing range of skills practices evident symptom management. Specifically, study aimed ascertain whether corresponded five-category taxonomy developed prior research, which identified Social, Organizational, Attentional, Motor, Psychopharmacological strategies. Relatedly, methodology sought understand impact COVID-19 pandemic on discussions through longitudinal trends. METHODS Using custom-written code, we extracted corpus 134,437 posts comments from 55,688 users that contained phrases related ADHD Subsequently, two-tiered analysis was applied evaluate relevance this label it into distinct groups. involved machine learning approach incorporating large language model human loop review classification based existing framework. Having excluded no discernible techniques duplicates, resulted dataset grouped by 78,340 41,019 739,620 upvotes. Quantitative totals were then visualized year capture temporal discourse patterns. RESULTS The majority (90.08%) eligible could be categorized five groups (Social, Psychopharmacological). remaining 9.92% (7,772 comments) required two newly-found classifications (Self-Care Help-Seeking) reflect additional types described online community. Longitudinally, there observable growth both pandemic, demonstrating increased during time. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute wider understanding management, suggesting consistency perspectives literature about Nevertheless, identification new also highlights evolving nature mitigation value Reddit as an information source. Likewise, dialogues throughout signifies interest adaptive stressful intervals. Online communities serve beneficial outreach platforms expert guidance psychoeducation address real-world challenges individuals ADHD.

Language: Английский

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnoses in Finland During the COVID-19 Pandemic DOI Creative Commons

Kirsi Auro,

Ida Holopainen,

Markus Perola

et al.

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. e2418204 - e2418204

Published: June 27, 2024

Importance Several reports suggest an increase in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This nationwide study assessed new ADHD diagnoses and prevalence before Objective To investigate trends diagnoses, prevalence, medication use from 2015 to 2022 Finland. Design, Setting, Participants longitudinal cohort comprised entire Finnish population. were obtained registers at 3 time points: (2020) after (2022) Data analyzed January June 2022. Main outcomes Measures New lifetime use. Results The 5 572 420 individuals (2 819 645 women [50.6%]). Lifetime of increased by 2.7-fold 2022; was 1.02% (95% CI, 1.01%-1.03%), 1.80% 2020 1.79%-1.81%), 2.76% 2.75%-2.77%). Young men aged 13 20 years had highest 11.68% 11.56%-11.81%) doubled pandemic, 238 per 100 000 477 pandemic-associated incremental 18.60% 16.47%-20.49%; 9482 50 897 cases). a 2.6-fold 577 1488 2022, 21 30 3.0-fold increase, 361 1100 000. 2.9-fold among those older than 55 (from 14 men). Boys younger absolute rate (1745 000), but boys young did not show significant diagnoses. purchases 0.57% 0.56%-0.58%) (31 771 [55.62%] with diagnosis), 1.15% 1.14%-1.16%) (64 034 [63.83%]), 1.69% CI 1.68%-1.70%) (92 557 [61.43%]), respectively. Conclusions Relevance In this study, showed Finland relation These results highlight potential adverse changes living conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Methylphenidate stabilizes dynamic brain network organization during tasks probing attention and reward processing in stimulant-naïve children with ADHD DOI
Tehila Nugiel, Nicholas D. Fogleman, Margaret A. Sheridan

et al.

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract Children with ADHD often exhibit fluctuations in attention and heightened reward sensitivity. Psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), improve these behaviors many, but not all, children ADHD. Given the extent to which psychostimulants are prescribed for children, coupled variable efficacy on an individual level, a better understanding of mechanisms through MPH changes brain function behavior is necessary. MPH’s primary action catecholamines, including dopamine norepinephrine. Catecholaminergic signaling can influence tradeoff between flexibility stability function, one candidate mechanism may alter behavior. Time-varying functional connectivity, models how networks reconfigure short timescales, be used examine versus stability, thus well-suited test impacts function. Here, we scanned stimulant-naïve (8-12 years) off single dose MPH. In MRI machine, participants completed two attention-demanding tasks: 1) standard go/no-go task 2) rewarded task. For both tasks, using within-subjects design, compared degree organization changed throughout course scan, termed whole flexibility, We found that decreased Further, individuals greater decreases exhibited improvements performance. Together, results provide novel insights into neurobiological underlying effectiveness administration

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Association Between Telehealth Initiation Of Stimulant Therapy And New Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses DOI
Joanne Constantin, Sean Esteban McCabe, Emily Pasman

et al.

Health Affairs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 361 - 369

Published: March 1, 2025

Policy makers have temporarily extended COVID-19 pandemic-related flexibilities allowing controlled substance prescribing via telehealth without in-person visits. To inform debates regarding whether these should be permanent, we used commercial and Medicaid claims to evaluate the risk for newly diagnosed use disorders (SUDs) associated with versus initiation of stimulant therapy. Analyses included 77,153 patients ages 12-64 prior SUD diagnoses who initiated therapy during 2021. The outcome was a new diagnosis within 365 days initiation. prevalence SUDs higher in group (3.7 percent 3.2 percent), as psychiatric comorbidities, which are known factors. In adjusted analyses, not an independent factor SUDs, this disappeared when comorbidities. same true stratified analyses by age, except among people 26-34. These findings suggest that extending might increase most patients. When stimulants being prescribed telehealth, measures prevent misuse may particularly important

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Socioeconomic status and prescribing of ADHD medications: a study of ICB-level data in England DOI Creative Commons
Muhammad Umair Khan, Syed Shahzad Hasan

BMJ Mental Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. e301384 - e301384

Published: March 1, 2025

Background Little is known about the impact of healthcare structural changes and socioeconomic indices, such as deprivation, mental health needs, inequalities, on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication prescribing across different regions in England. Objective The objective was to examine trends ADHD explore their association with factors. Methods A population-level observational study conducted using English Prescribing Dataset (from April 2019 March 2024) published by NHS Business Services Authority OpenPrescribing platform (Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, University Oxford). examined five licensed medications at national, regional integrated care board (ICB) levels, linear regression a generalised additive model between factors prescription rates. Findings prescriptions increased significantly from 25.17 items per 1000 population 2019/20 (pre-COVID-19) 41.55 2023/24 (post-COVID-19), an average annual increase 18% nationally. Methylphenidate remained most prescribed medication, while lisdexamfetamine showed highest growth rate (55% annually, 95% CI 40% 71%, p<0.01). Significant variations were observed, London experiencing (28%), Northeast Yorkshire lowest (13%). Socioeconomic factors, including ethnicity associated rates (p<0.05). Conclusions reveal substantial use England following COVID-19 pandemic, significant ICB levels complex influences. Clinical implications highlight need understand address drivers disparities optimising management strategies diverse populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
JAMA Psychiatry—The Year in Review 2024 DOI
Döst Öngür

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Fluctuations in dispensed out-patient psychotropic medication prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Netherlands DOI Creative Commons
D. Visser, Daphne Everaerd, Hannah Ellerbroek

et al.

BJPsych Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns had a significant impact on mental well-being (mental) healthcare systems globally. To describe trends dynamics of out-patient prescribing psychotropic medications during the in Netherlands. Dispensed medication prescriptions from March 2020 to 2022 were retrieved national registry data. Numbers total incident dispensed defined daily doses (DDDs) identified for six groups. Overall pandemic-related changes analysed using interrupted time-series analyses. Lockdown-related described monthly risk ratios. No overall detected, except alcohol addiction medication, which pre-pandemic decline DDDs levelled off pandemic: +10 per week (95% CI 7-11, P ≤ 0.001) +111 56-165, = 0.001). Monthly showed transient increases all groups second third lockdown periods. There decreases antidepressant opioid first (average ratios: 0.87 0.88 respectively), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder benzodiazepine elevated end 1.40, 1.12 1.17, respectively). These findings raise concerns regarding possible over- under-prescribing pandemic. Further understanding specific factors driving these is necessary help prepare future health(care) challenges.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neural basis for individual differences in the attention-enhancing effects of methylphenidate DOI Creative Commons
Peter Manza, Dardo Tomasi, Şükrü Barış Demiral

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(13)

Published: March 24, 2025

Stimulant drugs that boost dopamine, like methylphenidate (MP), enhance attention and are effective treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Yet there is large individual variation in attentional capacity response to MP. It unclear whether this driven by differences relative density of dopamine receptor subtypes, magnitude increases induced MP, or both. Here, we extensively characterized the brain system with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (including striatal D1 D2/3 availability MP-induced increases) measured task-evoked fMRI activity two separate sessions (placebo 60 mg oral MP; single-blind, counterbalanced) 37 healthy adults. A network lateral frontoparietal visual cortices was sensitive increasing (and working memory) load, whose positively correlated performance across individuals (partial r = 0.474, P 0.008; controlling age). change within 0.686, < 0.001). The ratio D1-to-D2/3 receptors dorsomedial caudate baseline negatively changes (all pFWE 0.02). load mediated association between improvements (mediation estimate 23.20 [95%CI: -153.67 -81.79], 0.004). MP attention-boosting effects were not linked increases, but rather showed dependence on an individual's density. Individuals lower ratios tended have during sustained experienced greater improvement function task

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Prescription Stimulant Dispensing to US Children: 2017–2023 DOI Open Access
Sijia He, Sean Esteban McCabe, Rena M. Conti

et al.

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in prescription stimulant dispensing to children aged 5 17 years associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and shortage of immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall), which was announced October 2022. METHODS We analyzed 2017 2023 IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, captures 92% US prescriptions. Using an interrupted time series design, we evaluated level slope monthly stimulant-dispensing rate (number per 100 000 children) March 2020 RESULTS In 2020, declined −454.9 (95% CI, −572.6 −337.2), 18.8% decrease relative January 2017. After this increased 12.7 month 6.6–18.8). 2022, there no change (−39.7 000; 95% −189.9 110.5) or (−12.1 month; −27.5 3.3), although estimates were negative. During a for increase dexmethylphenidate. CONCLUSIONS Stimulant after began. Dispensing may also have but not significant, partly because decreased offset by other stimulants. Findings suggest prompted switch alternative Future research should whether any switches led adverse events.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
An Update on the Stimulant Shortage and Practical Guidance for the Pediatric Prescriber DOI
Courtney Romba

Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Genes and screens: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the digital age DOI Creative Commons
Paul Kudlow,

Karline Treurnicht Naylor,

Elia Abi‐Jaoude

et al.

The British Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 3

Published: March 13, 2025

This editorial examines the rise of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in digital age, suggesting that excessive media use may mimic or exacerbate ADHD symptoms. We propose examining through lens a spectrum condition, highlighting importance considering both genetic and environmental factors its diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0