Blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: What are we counting?

Mitochondrion, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 60, С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Stress and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: A systematic review of human studies, physiological considerations, and technical recommendations

Mitochondrion, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59, С. 225 - 245

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2021

Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is a marker of inflammatory disease and predictor mortality, but little known about cf-mtDNA in relation to psychobiology. A systematic review the literature reveals that blood varies response common real-world stressors including psychopathology, acute psychological stress, exercise. Moreover, inducible within minutes exhibits high intra-individual day-to-day variation, highlighting dynamic regulation levels. We discuss current knowledge on mechanisms release, its forms transport ("cell-free" does not mean "membrane-free"), potential physiological functions, putative cellular neuroendocrine triggers, factors may contribute removal from circulation. vitro, pre-clinical, clinical studies shows conflicting results around dogma are pro-inflammatory, opening possibility other cell-to-cell transfer whole mitochondria. Finally, enhance reproducibility biological interpretation human research, we propose guidelines for collection, isolation, quantification, reporting standards, which can promote concerted advances by community. Defining mechanistic basis signaling an opportunity elucidate role mitochondria brain-body interactions psychopathology.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental Chemical Exposures and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: a Review of Recent Literature

Current Environmental Health Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(4), С. 631 - 649

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2022

Abstract Purpose of Review Mitochondria play various roles that are important for cell function and survival; therefore, significant mitochondrial dysfunction may have chronic consequences extend beyond the cell. already susceptible to damage, which be exacerbated by environmental exposures. Therefore, aim this review is summarize recent literature (2012–2022) looking at effects six ubiquitous classes compounds on in human populations. Recent Findings The suggests there a number biomarkers commonly used identify dysfunction, each with certain advantages limitations. Classes toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, air pollutants, heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting compounds, pesticides, nanomaterials can damage mitochondria varied ways, changes mtDNA copy measures oxidative most measured Other include membrane potential, calcium levels, ATP levels. Summary This identifies characterize but emerging biomarkers, cell-free blood cardiolipin provide greater insight into impacts exposures function. using novel approaches addition well-characterized ones create standardized protocols. We identified dearth studies populations exposed chemicals, nanoparticles gap knowledge needs attention.

Язык: Английский

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Acetyl-CoA regulates lipid metabolism and histone acetylation modification in cancer

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1878(1), С. 188837 - 188837

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders: Mechanisms and implications

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1), С. 15 - 34

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024

Neuroprotection is a proactive approach to safeguarding the nervous system, including brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, by preventing or limiting damage nerve cells other components. It primarily defends central system against injury from acute progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between body's natural defense mechanisms generation of reactive oxygen species, crucial in developing neurological Due its high metabolic rate consumption, brain particularly vulnerable oxidative stress. Excessive ROS damages essential biomolecules, leading cellular malfunction neurodegeneration. Several disorders, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple ischemic stroke, are associated with Understanding impact stress these conditions for new treatment methods. Researchers exploring using antioxidants molecules mitigate aiming prevent slow down progression diseases. By understanding intricate interplay scientists hope pave way innovative therapeutic preventive approaches, ultimately improving individuals' living standards.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondria in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 196 - 196

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects persons aged 65 years above. It causes dementia with memory loss deterioration in thinking language skills. AD characterized by specific pathology resulting from the accumulation brain of extracellular plaques amyloid-β intracellular tangles phosphorylated tau. The importance mitochondrial dysfunction pathogenesis, while previously underrecognized, now more appreciated. Mitochondria are an essential organelle involved cellular bioenergetics signaling pathways. Mitochondrial processes crucial for synaptic activity such as mitophagy, trafficking, fission, fusion dysregulated brain. Excess fission fragmentation yield mitochondria low energy production. Reduced glucose metabolism also observed hypometabolic state, particularly temporo-parietal regions. This review addresses multiple ways which abnormal structure function contribute to AD. Disruption electron transport chain ATP production neurotoxic because cells have disproportionately high demands. In addition, oxidative stress, extremely damaging nerve cells, rises dramatically dyshomeostasis. Restoring health may be viable approach treatment.

Язык: Английский

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MTFP1 controls mitochondrial fusion to regulate inner membrane quality control and maintain mtDNA levels

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(14), С. 3619 - 3637.e27

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

Mitochondrial dynamics play a critical role in cell fate decisions and controlling mtDNA levels distribution. However, the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial membrane remodeling quality control to copy number (CN) regulation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that inner (IMM) protein fission process 1 (MTFP1) negatively regulates IMM fusion. Moreover, manipulation of fusion through MTFP1 results CN modulation. Mechanistically, found inhibits isolate exclude damaged subdomains from rest network. Subsequently, peripheral ensures their segregation into small MTFP1-enriched mitochondria (SMEM) are targeted for degradation an autophagic-dependent manner. Remarkably, MTFP1-dependent is essential basal nucleoid recycling therefore maintain adequate within cell.

Язык: Английский

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Replication and Transcription of Human Mitochondrial DNA

Annual Review of Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 93(1), С. 47 - 77

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated and transcribed by phage-like RNA polymerases, our understanding of these processes has progressed substantially over the last several decades. Molecular mechanisms have been elucidated biochemistry structural biology essential in vivo roles established cell mouse genetics. Single molecules mtDNA are packaged transcription factor A into nucleoids, their level compaction influences initiation both replication transcription. Mutations affecting molecular machineries replicating transcribing important causes human disease, reflecting critical role genome oxidative phosphorylation system biogenesis. Mechanisms controlling still need to be clarified, future research this area likely open novel therapeutic possibilities for treating dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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Sequencing and characterizing human mitochondrial genomes in the biobank-based genomic research paradigm

Science China Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as a Potential Biomarker for the Severity of Motor Symptoms and Prognosis in Parkinson's Disease

Movement Disorders, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Mitochondrial function influences Parkinson's disease (PD) through the accumulation of pathogenic alpha-synuclein, oxidative stress, impaired autophagy, and neuroinflammation. The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), representing copies within a cell, serves as an easily assessable proxy for function.

Язык: Английский

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