ABSTRACT
Neuromodulation
is
crucial
for
advancing
neuroscience
and
treating
neurological
disorders.
However,
traditional
methods
using
rigid
electrodes
have
been
limited
by
large
stimulating
currents,
low
precision,
the
risk
of
tissue
damage.
In
this
work,
we
developed
a
biocompatible
ultraflexible
electrode
array
that
allows
both
neural
recording
spike
firings
low‐threshold,
high‐precision
stimulation
neuromodulation.
Specifically,
mouse
turning
behavior
can
be
effectively
induced
with
approximately
five
microamperes
current,
which
significantly
lower
than
required
conventional
electrodes.
The
array's
densely
packed
microelectrodes
enable
highly
selective
stimulation,
allowing
precise
targeting
specific
brain
areas
critical
behavior.
This
low‐current,
targeted
approach
helps
maintain
health
neurons
electrodes,
as
evidenced
stable
recordings
after
extended
stimulations.
Systematic
validations
confirmed
durability
biocompatibility
Moreover,
flexible
to
brain‐to‐brain
interface
system
human
signals
directly
control
Using
advanced
decoding
methods,
single
individual
issue
eight
commands
simultaneously
behaviors
two
mice.
study
underscores
effectiveness
in
neuromodulation,
opening
new
avenues
interspecies
communication
potential
neuromodulation
applications.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
123(8), С. 4693 - 4763
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023
Fibers,
originating
from
nature
and
mastered
by
human,
have
woven
their
way
throughout
the
entire
history
of
human
civilization.
Recent
developments
in
semiconducting
polymer
materials
further
endowed
fibers
textiles
with
various
electronic
functions,
which
are
attractive
applications
such
as
information
interfacing,
personalized
medicine,
clean
energy.
Owing
to
ability
be
easily
integrated
into
daily
life,
soft
fiber
electronics
based
on
polymers
gained
popularity
recently
for
wearable
implantable
applications.
Herein,
we
present
a
review
previous
current
progress
polymer-based
electronics,
particularly
focusing
smart-wearable
areas.
First,
provide
brief
overview
viewpoint
basic
concepts
functionality
requirements
different
devices.
Then
analyze
existing
associated
devices
interfaces,
healthcare
energy
conversion
storage.
The
working
principle
performance
summarized.
Furthermore,
focus
fabrication
techniques
Based
continuous
one-dimensional
yarn,
introduce
two-
three-dimensional
fabric
fabricating
methods.
Finally,
challenges
relevant
perspectives
potential
solutions
address
related
problems.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
122(4), С. 4826 - 4846
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022
The
nervous
system
poses
a
grand
challenge
for
integration
with
modern
electronics
and
the
subsequent
advances
in
neurobiology,
neuroprosthetics,
therapy
which
would
become
possible
upon
such
integration.
Due
to
its
extreme
complexity,
multifaceted
signaling
pathways,
∼1
kHz
operating
frequency,
complementary
metal
oxide
semiconductor
(CMOS)
based
appear
be
only
technology
platform
at
hand
However,
conventional
CMOS-based
rely
exclusively
on
electronic
therefore
require
an
additional
translate
signals
into
language
of
neurobiology.
Organic
are
just
platform,
capable
converting
addressing
variety
matching
endogenous
while
simultaneously
possessing
favorable
material
similarities
tissue.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
organic
platforms
modalities
specifically
designed
role
as
"translator",
focusing
especially
recent
implementation
Nature Nanotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
19(4), С. 514 - 523
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024
Abstract
One
of
the
critical
factors
determining
performance
neural
interfaces
is
electrode
material
used
to
establish
electrical
communication
with
tissue,
which
needs
meet
strict
electrical,
electrochemical,
mechanical,
biological
and
microfabrication
compatibility
requirements.
This
work
presents
a
nanoporous
graphene-based
thin-film
technology
its
engineering
form
flexible
interfaces.
The
developed
allows
fabrication
small
microelectrodes
(25
µm
diameter)
while
achieving
low
impedance
(∼25
kΩ)
high
charge
injection
(3–5
mC
cm
−
2
).
In
vivo
brain
recording
assessed
in
rodents
reveals
high-fidelity
recordings
(signal-to-noise
ratio
>10
dB
for
local
field
potentials),
stimulation
an
intrafascicular
implant
demonstrates
current
thresholds
(<100
µA)
selectivity
(>0.8)
activating
subsets
axons
within
rat
sciatic
nerve
innervating
tibialis
anterior
plantar
interosseous
muscles.
Furthermore,
tissue
biocompatibility
devices
was
validated
by
chronic
epicortical
(12
week)
intraneural
(8
implantation.
describes
microelectrode
potential
high-precision
high-resolution
interfacing.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
53(17), С. 8632 - 8712
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Bioelectronics
is
a
hot
research
topic,
yet
an
important
tool,
as
it
facilitates
the
creation
of
advanced
medical
devices
that
interact
with
biological
systems
to
effectively
diagnose,
monitor
and
treat
broad
spectrum
health
conditions.
Electrical
stimulation
(ES)
pivotal
technique
in
bioelectronics,
offering
precise,
non-pharmacological
means
modulate
control
processes
across
molecular,
cellular,
tissue,
organ
levels.
This
method
holds
potential
restore
or
enhance
physiological
functions
compromised
by
diseases
injuries
integrating
sophisticated
electrical
signals,
device
interfaces,
designs
tailored
specific
mechanisms.
review
explains
mechanisms
which
ES
influences
cellular
behaviors,
introduces
essential
principles,
discusses
performance
requirements
for
optimal
systems,
highlights
representative
applications.
From
this
review,
we
can
realize
based
bioelectronics
therapy,
regenerative
medicine
rehabilitation
engineering
technologies,
ranging
from
tissue
neurological
modulation
cardiovascular
cognitive
functions.
underscores
versatility
various
biomedical
contexts
emphasizes
need
adapt
complex
clinical
landscapes
addresses.
npj Regenerative Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2022
Abstract
Although
skeletal
muscle
repairs
itself
following
small
injuries,
genetic
diseases
or
severe
damages
may
hamper
its
ability
to
do
so.
Induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
(iPSCs)
can
generate
myogenic
progenitors,
but
their
use
in
combination
with
bioengineering
strategies
modulate
phenotype
has
not
been
sufficiently
investigated.
This
review
highlights
the
potential
of
this
aimed
at
pushing
boundaries
tissue
engineering.
First,
overall
organization
and
key
steps
process
occurring
vivo
are
described.
Second,
transgenic
non-transgenic
approaches
for
induction
human
iPSCs
compared.
Third,
technologies
provide
biophysical
stimuli,
biomaterial
cues,
biofabrication
discussed
terms
recreating
a
biomimetic
environment
thus
helping
engineer
phenotype.
The
embryonic
development
pro-myogenic
role
muscle-resident
cell
populations
co-cultures
also
described,
highlighting
possible
clinical
applications
engineering
field.
Local
electrical
stimulation
of
peripheral
nerves
can
block
the
propagation
action
potentials,
as
an
attractive
alternative
to
pharmacological
agents
for
treatment
acute
pain.
Traditional
hardware
such
purposes,
however,
involves
interfaces
that
damage
nerve
tissue
and,
when
used
temporary
pain
relief,
impose
costs
and
risks
due
requirements
surgical
extraction
after
a
period
need.
Here,
we
introduce
bioresorbable
stimulator
enables
associated
mitigation
without
these
drawbacks.
This
platform
combines
collection
materials
in
architectures
support
stable
blocking
with
minimal
adverse
mechanical,
electrical,
or
biochemical
effects.
Optimized
designs
ensure
device
disappears
harmlessly
body
desired
use.
Studies
live
animal
models
illustrate
capabilities
complete
other
key
features
technology.
In
certain
clinically
relevant
scenarios,
approaches
may
reduce
eliminate
need
use
highly
addictive
drugs
opioids.
Microsystems & Nanoengineering,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023
Abstract
A
bidirectional
in
vitro
brain–computer
interface
(BCI)
directly
connects
isolated
brain
cells
with
the
surrounding
environment,
reads
neural
signals
and
inputs
modulatory
instructions.
As
a
noninvasive
BCI,
it
has
clear
advantages
understanding
exploiting
advanced
function
due
to
simplified
structure
high
controllability
of
ex
vivo
networks.
However,
core
BCIs,
microelectrode
arrays
(MEAs),
urgently
need
improvements
strength
signal
detection,
precision
modulation
biocompatibility.
Notably,
nanomaterial-based
MEAs
cater
all
requirements
by
converging
multilevel
simultaneously
applying
stimuli
at
an
excellent
spatiotemporal
resolution,
as
well
supporting
long-term
cultivation
neurons.
This
is
enabled
advantageous
electrochemical
characteristics
nanomaterials,
such
their
active
atomic
reactivity
outstanding
charge
conduction
efficiency,
improving
performance
MEAs.
Here,
we
review
fabrication
applied
BCIs
from
interdisciplinary
perspective.
We
also
consider
decoding
coding
activity
through
highlight
various
usages
coupled
dissociated
cultures
benefit
future
developments
BCIs.
Biosensors,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 100 - 100
Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025
Understanding
brain
function
requires
advanced
neural
probes
to
monitor
electrical
and
chemical
signaling
across
multiple
timescales
regions.
Microelectrode
arrays
(MEAs)
are
widely
used
record
neurophysiological
activity
various
depths
regions,
providing
single-unit
resolution
for
extended
periods.
Recent
advancements
in
flexible
MEAs,
built
on
micrometer-thick
polymer
substrates,
have
improved
integration
with
tissue
by
mimicking
the
brain's
soft
nature,
reducing
mechanical
trauma
inflammation.
These
flexible,
subcellular-scale
MEAs
can
stable
signals
months,
making
them
ideal
long-term
studies.
In
addition
recording,
been
functionalized
electrochemical
neurotransmitter
detection.
Electroactive
neurotransmitters,
such
as
dopamine,
serotonin,
adenosine,
be
directly
measured
via
methods,
particularly
carbon-based
surfaces.
For
non-electroactive
neurotransmitters
like
acetylcholine,
glutamate,
γ-aminobutyric
acid,
alternative
strategies,
enzyme
immobilization
aptamer-based
recognition,
employed
generate
signals.
This
review
highlights
recent
developments
MEA
fabrication
functionalization
achieve
both
electrophysiological
recordings,
minimizing
sensor
fowling
damage
when
implanted
long-term.
It
covers
multi-time
scale
detection,
development
of
conducting
nanomaterial
composite
coatings
enhance
sensitivity,
incorporation
recognition
carbon
electrodes
MEAs.
Finally,
it
summarizes
strategies
acquire
measurements
from
same
device.
Biomaterials Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(9), С. 2180 - 2202
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Electrical
activity
underpins
all
life,
but
is
most
familiar
in
the
nervous
system,
where
long
range
electrical
signalling
essential
for
function.
When
this
lost
(
