The
diffusion
dynamics
of
polymer
chains
within
a
narrow
slit
formed
by
two
patch-patterned
surfaces
is
investigated
utilizing
Langevin
simulations.
These
feature
periodically
arranged
attractive
patches
size
L
and
period
d,
with
staggered
configuration
(0.5d,
0.5d)
offsets
along
the
x
y
axes.
When
d
fixed,
chain
exhibits
normal
over
long
time
scales,
translational
coefficient
Dxy
gradually
decreasing
to
zero
as
increases.
Notably,
our
findings
reveal
four
distinct
modes:
free-diffusion
mode
for
≤
L1,
where
mainly
in
desorption
state;
adsorption–desorption
L1
<
L2,
involving
transitions
from
single-patch
adsorption
state
exchange-patch
L2
L3,
switches
between
an
upper-lower
double-patch
exchanging
patches;
nondiffusion
>
primarily
pinned
state.
Furthermore,
patch
attraction
strength
εps
increases,
decreases
due
increase
chain.
Simultaneously,
critical
thresholds
exhibit
trend.
observations
highlight
significant
influence
confining
properties
on
behavior
chains.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024
As
naturally
secreted
vesicles
by
cells,
extracellular
(EVs)
play
essential
roles
in
modulating
cell–cell
communication
and
have
significant
potential
tissue
regeneration,
immune
regulation,
drug
delivery.
However,
the
low
yield
uncontrollable
heterogeneity
of
EVs
been
obstacles
to
their
widespread
translation
into
clinical
practice.
Recently,
it
has
discovered
that
artificial
nanovesicles
(NVs)
produced
cell
processing
can
inherit
components
functions
parent
cells
possess
similar
structures
EVs,
with
significantly
higher
yields
more
flexible
functionalization,
making
them
a
powerful
complement
natural
EVs.
This
review
focuses
on
recent
advances
research
NVs
as
replacements
for
We
provide
an
overview
comparing
summarize
top-down
preparation
strategies
NVs.
The
applications
prepared
from
stem
differentiated
engineered
are
presented,
well
latest
NV
engineering.
Finally,
main
challenges
discussed.
The
diffusion
dynamics
of
polymer
chains
within
a
narrow
slit
formed
by
two
patch-patterned
surfaces
is
investigated
utilizing
Langevin
simulations.
These
feature
periodically
arranged
attractive
patches
size
L
and
period
d,
with
staggered
configuration
(0.5d,
0.5d)
offsets
along
the
x
y
axes.
When
d
fixed,
chain
exhibits
normal
over
long
time
scales,
translational
coefficient
Dxy
gradually
decreasing
to
zero
as
increases.
Notably,
our
findings
reveal
four
distinct
modes:
free-diffusion
mode
for
≤
L1,
where
mainly
in
desorption
state;
adsorption–desorption
L1
<
L2,
involving
transitions
from
single-patch
adsorption
state
exchange-patch
L2
L3,
switches
between
an
upper-lower
double-patch
exchanging
patches;
nondiffusion
>
primarily
pinned
state.
Furthermore,
patch
attraction
strength
εps
increases,
decreases
due
increase
chain.
Simultaneously,
critical
thresholds
exhibit
trend.
observations
highlight
significant
influence
confining
properties
on
behavior
chains.
