Electrolyte-gated transistors for enhanced performance bioelectronics

Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021

Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), capable of transducing biological and biochemical inputs into amplified electronic signals stably operating in aqueous environments, have emerged as fundamental building blocks bioelectronics. In this Primer, the different EGT architectures are described with mechanisms underpinning their functional operation, providing insight key experiments including necessary data analysis validation. Several organic inorganic materials used structures fabrication approaches for an optimal experimental design presented compared. The bio-layers and/or biosystems integrated or interfaced to EGTs, self-organization self-assembly strategies, reviewed. Relevant promising applications discussed, two-dimensional three-dimensional cell monitoring, ultra-sensitive biosensors, electrophysiology, synaptic neuromorphic bio-interfaces, prosthetics robotics. Advantages, limitations possible optimizations also surveyed. Finally, current issues future directions further developments discussed. (EGTs) bioelectronics, which transduce electrical signals. This Primer examines mechanism operation practical considerations related wide range applications.

Язык: Английский

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Polarons, Bipolarons, And Absorption Spectroscopy of PEDOT

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 1(1), С. 83 - 94

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2018

Electronic structure and optical absorption spectra of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) for different oxidation levels were studied using density functional theory (DFT) time-dependent DFT. It is shown, that the DFT-based predictions polaronic bipolaronic states nature corresponding transitions are qualitatively from widely used traditional picture based on semi-empirical pre-DFT approaches still dominate current literature. On basis results our calculations, experimental Vis/NIR absorbance spectroscopy electron paramagnetic resonance re-examined, a new interpretation measured spin signal, which interpretation, provided. The findings conclusions concerning states, band presented PEDOT, generic wide class conducting polymers (such as polythiophenes their derivatives) have similar monomer units.

Язык: Английский

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Vertical organic electrochemical transistors for complementary circuits

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 613(7944), С. 496 - 502

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and OECT-based circuitry offer great potential in bioelectronics, wearable electronics artificial neuromorphic because of their exceptionally low driving voltages (<1 V), power consumption µW), high transconductances (>10 mS) biocompatibility 1–5 . However, the successful realization critical complementary logic OECTs is currently limited by temporal and/or operational instability, slow redox processes switching, incompatibility with high-density monolithic integration inferior n-type OECT performance 6–8 Here we demonstrate p- vertical balanced ultra-high blending redox-active semiconducting polymers a redox-inactive photocurable photopatternable polymer to form an ion-permeable channel, implemented simple, scalable architecture that has dense, impermeable top contact. Footprint current densities exceeding 1 kA cm −2 at less than ±0.7 V, 0.2–0.4 S, short transient times ms ultra-stable switching (>50,000 cycles) are achieved in, our knowledge, first vertically stacked circuits. This opens many possibilities for fundamental studies organic semiconductor chemistry physics nanoscopically confined spaces, without macroscopic electrolyte contact, as well implantable device applications.

Язык: Английский

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Conjugated Polymers for Assessing and Controlling Biological Functions

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 31(22)

Опубликована: Март 12, 2019

The field of organic bioelectronics is advancing rapidly in the development materials and devices to precisely monitor control biological signals. Electronics biology can interact on multiple levels: organs, complex tissues, cells, cell membranes, proteins, even small molecules. Compared traditional electronic such as metals inorganic semiconductors, conjugated polymers (CPs) have several key advantages for interactions: tunable physiochemical properties, adjustable form factors, mixed conductivity (ionic electronic). Herein, use CPs five biologically oriented research topics, electrophysiology, tissue engineering, drug release, biosensing, molecular bioelectronics, discussed. In implantable with CP coating or CP-only electrodes are showing improvements signal performance interfaces. CP-based scaffolds supply highly favorable static dynamic interfaces engineering. also enable delivery drugs through a variety mechanisms factors. For offer new possibilities incorporate sensing elements conducting matrix. Molecular today used (opto)electronic functions living tissue. Under each topic, limits utility discussed and, overall, major challenges toward implementation their real-world applications highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Functional Fiber Materials to Smart Fiber Devices

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 123(2), С. 613 - 662

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2022

The development of fiber materials has accompanied the evolution human civilization for centuries. Recent advances in science and chemistry offered fibers new applications with various functions, including energy harvesting, storing, displaying, health monitoring treating, computing. unique one-dimensional shape devices endows them advantages to work as human-interfaced electronics due small size, lightweight, flexibility, feasibility integration into large-scale textile systems. In this review, we first present a discussion basics design principles devices, followed by comprehensive analysis on recently developed devices. Finally, provide current challenges facing field give an outlook future research directions. With novel continuing be discovered after two decades research, envision that could have important impact our life near future.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Design Strategies toward Improvement of Charge Injection and Ionic Conduction in Organic Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(4), С. 4325 - 4355

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2021

Expanding the toolbox of biology and electronics mutual conjunction is a primary aim bioelectronics. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) has undeniably become predominant device for mixed conduction materials, offering impressive transconduction properties alongside relatively simple architecture. In this review, we focus on discussion recent material developments in area conductors bioelectronic applications by means thorough structure-property investigation analysis current challenges. Fundamental operation principles OECT are revisited, characterization methods highlighted. Current ionic-electronic (OMIECs) underlined. Challenges performance operational stability channel materials as well potential strategies mitigating them, discussed. This further expanded to sketch synopsis history both p- n-type operation, detailing synthetic challenges milestones which have been overcome frequently produce higher performing devices. cumulative work multiple research groups summarized, design extracted present series that can be utilized drive figure-of-merit values even future OMIEC materials.

Язык: Английский

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Highly stretchable organic electrochemical transistors with strain-resistant performance

Nature Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 21(5), С. 564 - 571

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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PEDOT:PSS‐Based Bioelectronic Devices for Recording and Modulation of Electrophysiological and Biochemical Cell Signals

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(11)

Опубликована: Май 10, 2021

To understand the physiology and pathology of electrogenic cells corresponding tissue in their full complexity, quantitative investigation transmission ions as well release chemical signals is important. Organic (semi-) conducting materials particular organic electrochemical transistor are gaining importance for electrophysiological recently biochemical due to synthetic nature thus diversity modifiability, biocompatible compliant properties, mixed electronic ionic conductivity featuring ion-to-electron conversion. Here, aim summarize recent progress on development bioelectronic devices utilizing polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene: poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) interface electronics biological matter including microelectrode arrays, neural cuff electrodes, transistors, PEDOT:PSS-based biosensors, ion pumps. Finally, material summarized improvement conductivity, stretchability, higher transconductance, or extend field application such cation sensing metabolite recognition. This survey trends PEDOT:PSS sensors highlights potential this multifunctional revolve current technology enable long-lasting, multichannel probes simultaneous recordings from cells.

Язык: Английский

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Organic Electrochemical Transistors for In Vivo Bioelectronics

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(49)

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2021

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are presently a focus of intense research and hold great potential in expanding the horizons bioelectronics industry. The notable characteristics OECTs, including their electrolyte-gating, which offers intimate interfacing with biological environments, aqueous stability, make them particularly suitable to be operated within living organism (in vivo). Unlike existing vivo bioelectronic devices, mostly based on rigid metal electrodes, OECTs form soft mechanical contact milieu ensure high signal-to-noise ratio because powerful amplification capability. Such features desirable for wide range applications, electrophysiological recordings, neuron stimulation, neurotransmitter detection, regulation plant processes vivo. In this review, systematic compilation applications is presented that addressed by OECT technology. First, operating mechanisms, device design materials principles examined, then multiple examples provided from literature while identifying unique properties enable application progress. Finally, one critically looks at future technology applications.

Язык: Английский

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Organic Electrochemical Transistors: An Emerging Technology for Biosensing

Advanced Materials Interfaces, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(6)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2022

Abstract Recent research demonstrates the viability of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) as an emergent technology for biosensor applications. Herein, a comprehensive summary is provided, highlighting significant progress and most notable advances within field OECT‐based biosensors. The working principles OECT are detailed, with specific attention given to current library mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (OMIEC) channel materials utilized in application OECTs metabolite, ion, neuromorphic, electrophysiological, virus sensing well immunosensing reported, detailing breadth scope Furthermore, outlook perspective on synthetic molecular design future materials, specifically designed biosensors, provided. development optimized creative device architectures, operational nuances will set stage biosensors thrive accelerate their clinical prevalence near future.

Язык: Английский

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