Physical Review Letters,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
134(10)
Опубликована: Март 13, 2025
We
examine
the
navigation
behavior
of
photosensitive
alga
Euglena
gracilis
in
confined
environments.
Under
uniform
lighting
conditions,
E.
exhibits
stochastic
movements
with
nearly
straight
runs
interrupted
by
abrupt
directional
changes.
The
lengths
these
follow
a
long-tailed
distribution
typical
L\'evy
walk,
scaling
exponents
that
vary
light
intensity.
In
gradient
cells
modulate
their
run
durations---extending
them
upon
detecting
an
increase
intensity
and
shortening
when
decrease
is
detected.
This
adjustment
effectively
biases
enabling
to
ascend
spatial
gradient.
mirrors
well-known
prokaryotic
strategies,
such
as
bacterial
chemotaxis,
offering
eukaryotic
parallel.
experimental
observations
under
varied
conditions
are
consistently
replicated
through
agent-based
model.
Accounts of Materials Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(2), С. 173 - 183
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024
ConspectusMiniature
machines
that
are
highly
controllable
have
received
widespread
attention
due
to
their
potential
applications
in
smart
medicine
and
micromanipulation,
especially
those
developed
based
on
soft
matter.
The
inherent
compliance
of
matter
can
enhance
the
adaptability
miniature
a
complex
working
environment
or
objects
being
manipulated.
Furthermore,
with
rapid
development
materials
science
control
technology,
emergence
various
responsive
matters
has
promoted
remote
even
autonomous
actuation
capabilities
as
well
reconfigurable
properties.
Despite
burgeoning
efforts
devoted
programming
precise
machines,
exploration
is
still
its
infancy.
Due
nonlinearity
response
active
matter,
comprehensive
understanding
modeling
deformation
needed.
Besides,
systematic
study
on-demand
material
components
physical
properties
at
submillimeter,
micro-,
nanoscale
levels
also
important.
Hence,
more
in-depth
research
composition,
mechanisms,
methods
needed
promote
construction
novel
practical
future.Based
regulation
fields
chemical
substances,
demonstrate
shape-morphing
without
restraint.
Among
stimulation
methods,
magnetic
strategy
possesses
outstanding
advantages
terms
safety,
controllability,
penetration
depth,
which
endow
huge
fundamental
engineering
applications.
Programmable
provides
powerful
platform
explore
patterns
locomotion
behaviors
nature.
Under
action
nonuniform
torques
generated
by
programmable
stimulation,
could
undergo
series
morphological
transformations.
promising
solution
for
developing
optimized
speed
energy
density.
Therefore,
through
exquisite
assembly
structural
design,
composed
compatible
many
application
scenarios,
biomedical
engineering.In
this
Account,
we
provide
overview
recent
significant
advancements
achieved
our
group
others
First,
elucidate
interaction
mechanism
between
diverse
agents
available
matrices
including
polymer
matrices,
liquid
non-Newtonian
fluids.
We
then
illustrate
encoding
heterogeneous
magnetization
profile
particle
orientation,
3D
transformations
under
(e.g.,
origami
kirigami
deformation,
surface
Gaussian
curvature).
Next,
discussed,
focusing
devices,
flexible
electronics.
Finally,
an
outlook
prospects
opportunities
future
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(24)
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
Abstract
Multimodal
and
controllable
locomotion
in
complex
terrain
is
of
great
importance
for
practical
applications
insect‐scale
robots.
Robust
plays
a
particularly
critical
role.
In
this
study,
mechanism
magnetic
robots
based
on
asymmetrical
friction
effect
induced
by
torque
revealed
defined.
The
defined
overcomes
the
design
constraints
imposed
both
robot
substrate
structures,
enabling
realization
multimodal
terrains.
Drawing
inspiration
from
human
walking
running
locomotion,
biped
proposed,
which
not
only
exhibits
rapid
across
substrates
with
varying
coefficients
but
also
achieves
precise
along
patterned
trajectories
through
programmed
controlling.
Furthermore,
apart
its
exceptional
locomotive
capabilities,
demonstrates
remarkable
robustness
terms
load‐carrying
weight‐bearing
performance.
presented
herein
introduce
novel
concept
designing
while
offering
extensive
possibilities
robotics.
Abstract
Recently,
the
collective
behavior
of
micro/nanorobots
has
shown
unprecedented
potential
in
biomedicine
and
environmental
remediation.
Collective
can
work
more
efficiently,
adaptively,
robustly
than
individual
micro/nanorobots.
The
paradigm
needs
to
be
understood
different
dimensions,
including
from
cluster,
planar
spatial,
mono‐functional
multifunctional.
In
this
review,
focus
will
on
summarizing
achievements
control
micro/nanorobot
swarms
recent
years
an
attempt
better
understand
how
structure
materials
individuals
should
designed,
implemented,
robots
are
functionalized
cope
with
practical
applications
under
introduction
control.
opportunities
challenges
that
faces
at
stage
illustrated
provide
perspectives
for
its
future
development.
The
growing
consumption
of
drugs
abuse
together
with
the
inefficiency
current
wastewater
treatment
plants
toward
their
presence
has
resulted
in
an
emergent
class
pollutants.
Thus,
development
alternative
approaches
to
remediate
this
environmental
threat
is
urgently
needed.
Microrobots,
combining
autonomous
motion
great
tunability
for
specific
tasks,
have
turned
into
promising
candidates
take
on
challenge.
Here,
hybrid
urchin-like
hematite
(α-Fe
It
is
beneficial
for
collective
structures
to
simultaneously
have
high
persistence
environmental
noise
and
responsivity
nontrivial
external
stimuli.
However,
without
the
ability
differentiate
useful
information
from
noise,
there
always
a
tradeoff
between
within
structures.
To
address
this,
we
propose
adaptive
time
delay
inspired
by
behavior
observed
in
school
of
fish.
This
strategy
tested
using
particles
powered
optothermal
fields
coupled
with
an
optical
feedback-control
system.
By
applying
proper
threshold,
experimentally
observe
enhanced
approximately
1.6
times
sacrificing
persistence.
Furthermore,
integrate
long-distance
transportation
obstacle-avoidance
capabilities
prototype
swarm
microrobots.
research
demonstrates
potential
persistence-responsivity
lays
foundation
intelligent
micro/nanorobots
operating
complex
environments.
Abstract
Bio‐inspired
approaches
in
materials
science
and
systems
chemistry
are
yielding
a
variety
of
stimuli‐responsive
dynamic
that
gradually
changing
our
everyday
life.
However,
the
ability
to
chemically
program
these
exhibit
macroscopic
higher‐order
behaviours
such
as
self‐assembly,
contractility,
swarming,
taxis,
chemical
communication,
or
predator‐prey
dynamics
remains
an
ongoing
challenge.
While
still
its
infancy,
successful
fabrication
bio‐inspired
displaying
not
only
will
help
bridging
gap
between
living
non‐living
matter,
but
it
also
contribute
development
advanced
for
potential
applications
ranging
from
tissue
engineering
biotechnology,
soft
robotics
regenerative
medicine.
Our
Mini‐Review
systematically
discuss
developed
thus
far
systems,
namely
(i)
polymer
networks
(ii)
microbots,
(iii)
protocells,
(iv)
prototissues.
For
each
system
provide
key
examples
highlight
how
emergent
behaviour
could
be
programmed.
Langmuir,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
39(11), С. 4198 - 4206
Опубликована: Март 9, 2023
A
liposome-based
micromotor
system
that
utilizes
regional
enzymatic
conversion
and
gas
generation
to
achieve
directional
motion
in
water
is
presented.
Constituted
mainly
of
a
low-melting
lipid
high-melting
together
with
cholesterol,
these
liposomes
maintain
stable
Janus
configuration
at
room
temperature
as
result
liquid–liquid
phase
separation.
Local
placement
enzymes
such
horseradish
peroxidase
realized
via
affinity
binding
between
avidin
biotin,
the
latter
conjugate
sorted
specifically
into
one
domain
minor
component.
In
presence
substrate,
hydrogen
peroxide,
enzyme-decorated
undergo
motion,
yielding
velocities
exceeding
thermal
diffusion
by
three
folds
some
cases.
Experimental
details
on
liposome
size
control,
motor
assembly,
substrate
distribution
are
presented;
effects
key
experimental
factors
concentration
ratio,
also
examined.
This
work
thus
provides
viable
approach
building
asymmetrical
lipid-assembled,
enzyme-attached
colloids
and,
addition,
stresses
importance
asymmetry
achieving
particle
motion.
Nano-Micro Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Март 18, 2024
Molecular
machines
are
key
to
cellular
activity
where
they
involved
in
converting
chemical
and
light
energy
into
efficient
mechanical
work.
During
the
last
60
years,
designing
molecular
structures
capable
of
generating
unidirectional
motion
at
nanoscale
has
been
topic
intense
research.
Effective
progress
made,
attributed
advances
various
fields
such
as
supramolecular
chemistry,
biology
nanotechnology,
informatics.
However,
individual
only
producing
nanometer
work
generally
have
a
single
functionality.
In
order
address
these
problems,
collective
behaviors
realized
by
integrating
several
or
more
units
space
time
become
new
paradigm.
this
review,
we
comprehensively
discuss
recent
developments
machines.
particular,
behavior
is
divided
two
paradigms.
One
appropriate
integration
efficiently
amplify
motions
deformations
construct
novel
functional
materials.
The
other
construction
swarming
modes
level
perform
microscale
operations.
We
design
strategies
for
both
focus
on
modulation
features
properties.
Subsequently,
existing
challenges,
idea
transferring
experience
gained
field
micro/nano
robotics
presented,
offering
prospects
future
ACS Nano,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18(47), С. 32335 - 32363
Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2024
Micro/nanorobots
have
shown
great
promise
for
minimally
invasive
bacterial
infection
therapy.
However,
infections
usually
form
biofilms
inside
the
body
by
aggregation
and
adhesion,
preventing
antibiotic
penetration
increasing
likelihood
of
recurrence.
Moreover,
a
substantial
portion
happens
in
those
hard-to-access
regions,
making
delivery
antibiotics
to
infected
sites
or
tissues
difficult
exacerbating
challenge
addressing
infections.
feature
exceptional
mobility
controllability,
are
able
deliver
drugs
specific
(targeted
delivery),
enhance
drug
penetration.
In
particular,
emergence
bioinspired
microrobot
surface
design
strategies
provided
effective
alternatives
treating
infections,
thereby
possible
development
resistance.
this
paper,
we
review
recent
advances
design,
mechanism,
actuation
modalities
micro/nanorobots
with
antimicrobial
features,
highlighting
active
therapy
derived
complications
at
various
organs,
from
laboratory
bench
vivo
applications.
The
current
challenges
future
research
directions
field
summarized.
Those
breakthroughs
offer
huge
potential
clinical
translation
