Abstract
A
novel
phospho‐based
hydrophobic
deep
eutectic
solvents
(HDESs)
is
proposed
to
selectively
extract
valuable
metals
from
waste
lithium‐ion
batteries
(LIBs).
Under
the
optimized
extraction
conditions,
single‐stage
efficiency
of
HDES
[TOP][Lid]
for
Co
2+
and
Ni
were
98.5%
83.9%,
[TBP][Lid]
96.0%
82.9%,
Li
+
was
enriched
in
extract.
FT‐IR,
1
H
NMR,
ESP
analysis
confirmed
hydrogen
bond
between
HBD
HBA.
The
metal
ion
mechanism
by
HDESs
analyzed
based
on
quantum
chemistry
(QC)
molecular
dynamics
(MD).
at
level
that
electrostatic
coordination
interactions
transition
ions
dominate
(Co
).
interaction
intensity
with
stronger
than
HDESs.
Journal of environmental chemical engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(4), С. 113248 - 113248
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024
The
widespread
adoption
of
lithium-ion
batteries
(LIBs)
in
modern
electric
vehicles
has
successfully
addressed
the
issues
limited
oil
and
gas
resources,
as
well
environmental
degradation.
This
development
is
crucial
for
achieving
"carbon
neutrality"
reduce
peaking".
Proper
disposal
used
LIBs
vital
effective
resource
management
avoiding
pollution
potential
hazards
associated
with
toxic
substances.
Moreover,
a
significant
weight
fraction
constituted
by
so-called
critical
raw
materials
(CRMs),
presenting
high
supply
risk
price
variability.
Over
past
few
years,
considerable
progress
been
made
developing
processes
safe
treatment
material
recovery
from
spent
LIBs,
besides
CRMs.
Among
them,
hydrometallurgical
recycling
components
employing
affordable
eco-friendly
ionic
liquids
(ILs)
deep
eutectic
solvents
(DESs)
gained
attention
their
potentially
superior
selectivity,
low
energy
consumption,
impact.
Such
present
various
advantages
over
traditional
organic
employed
liquid
separations
terms
volatility,
safety,
chemical
thermal
stability,
recyclability,
selectivity.
review
provides
an
overview
most
recent
advances
application
ILs
DESs
to
recover
CRMs
LIBs.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024
Abstract
The
practical
implementation
of
Li
metal
anode
has
long
been
hindered
by
the
significant
challenges
notorious
dendritic
growth
and
severe
interphase
instability
during
repeated
cycling.
Herein,
a
highly
lithiophilic
NiSe‐modified
host
rationally
constructed
to
stabilize
facile
mechanical
rolling
strategy.
in
situ
configurated
high‐flux
2
Se‐enriched
layer
can
facilitate
fast
interfacial
charge
transfer,
high
plating/stripping
reversibility
homogeneous
nucleation/growth.
Consequently,
achieved
modified
demonstrates
ultrahigh
rate
capability
(10
mA
cm
−2
)
ultralong‐term
cycling
stability
(6600
cycles)
with
dendrite‐free
deposition.
Li|LiFePO
4
(LFP)
cell
exhibits
an
extraordinarily
lifespan
over
500
cycles
ultra‐low
decay
only
≈0.0092%
per
cycle
at
1
C.
Furthermore,
4.5
V
high‐voltage
Li|LiCoO
pouch
areal
capacity
(≈1.9
mAh
still
reveals
impressively
prolonged
cyclability
200
even
under
harsh
test
condition
low
negative‐to‐positive‐capacity
(N/P)
ratio
≈3.4
lean
electrolyte
≈5.5
µL
−1
.
This
work
provides
scalable
strategy
toward
stable
for
reliable
usage.
Deep
eutectic
solvents
(DES)
have
gained
attention
serving
as
sustainable
substitute
to
conventional
inorganic
acids
in
hydrometallurgical
recycling,
offering
strong
leaching
capabilities
and
environmentally
friendly
solutions
for
the
extraction
of
valuable
metals
from
used
lithium-ion
batteries.
However,
high
viscosity
limited
capacity
traditional
binary
DES
systems
hindered
their
practical
application
direct
black
mass
spent
Li-ion
In
this
work,
a
ternary
system
formed
choline
chloride
(ChCl),
urea,
L-ascorbic
acid
(L-AA)
was
employed
overcome
these
limitations.
Utilizing
Box-Behnken
design
(BBD)
alongside
response
surface
methodology
(RSM),
best
parameters
were
identified
enhance
metal
extraction.
When
refined
conditions
applied,
efficiencies
Li,
Ni,
Mn
attained
maximum
99%
within
brief
duration
2.18
hours
at
temperature
91.73
°C.
Additional
kinetic
investigations
showed
that
combined
effect
three
components
crucial
controlling
process
Co,
Mn.
Specifically,
acidic
reductive
properties
L-AA,
with
reductivity
facilitated
dissociation
ions
mass.
Additionally,
formation
coordination
compounds,
Me(Urea)2Cl2,
promoted
dissolution
dissociated
ions.
A
minimal
amount
water
added
reduce
system,
which
can
be
easily
managed
post-recovery.
This
work
highlights
cost-effective
efficient
mild
mass,
contributing
more
battery
recycling
practices.
