Currently,
the
rising
demand
for
lithium-ion
batteries
(LIBs)
in
energy
storage
systems
is
leading
to
a
significant
increase
number
of
discarded
batteries.
Given
limited
availability
strategic
metal
resources,
considerable
environmental
harm
caused,
and
intrinsic
value
waste
batteries,
recycling
these
paramount
importance.
Inadequate
disposal
can
severely
impact
resource
efficiency
hinder
sustainable
development
humanity.
There
are
currently
three
mainstream
methods,
namely
pyrometallurgy,
hydrometallurgy,
direct
regeneration
technology.
Direct
has
attracted
much
attention
due
its
economic
advantages.
The
method
technique
restoring
electrochemical
performance
by
fixing
defects
materials
while
preserving
original
structure
materials.
Therefore,
advancement
technology
largely
relies
on
understanding
failure
mechanism
lithium
ions.
However,
repair
an
emerging
that
faces
numerous
challenges,
including
research
targeted
methods
based
mechanisms
In
realm
battery
cathodes,
layered
ternary
cathode
NCM/NCA
have
garnered
because
their
high
reversible
capacity,
operating
voltage,
low
cost.
This
review
offers
thorough
detailed
examination
degradation
defect
types
Based
this
understanding,
it
outlines
principles
directly
repairing
failed
By
examining
mechanisms,
benefits,
drawbacks
different
techniques,
along
with
relationship
between
regeneration,
we
strive
choose
specific
tailored
actual
conditions
retired
during
maintenance.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024
Abstract
Facing
the
resource
and
environmental
pressures
brought
by
retiring
wave
of
lithium‐ion
batteries
(LIBs),
direct
recycling
methods
are
considered
to
be
next
generation's
solution.
However,
contradiction
between
limited
battery
life
demand
for
rapidly
iterating
technology
forces
recovery
paradigm
shift
toward
“direct
upcycling.”
Herein,
a
closed‐loop
upcycling
strategy
that
converts
waste
current
collector
debris
into
dopants
is
proposed,
highly
inclusive
eutectic
molten
salt
system
utilized
repair
structural
defects
in
degraded
polycrystalline
LiNi
0.83
Co
0.12
Mn
0.05
O
2
cathodes
while
achieving
single‐crystallization
transformation
introducing
Al/Cu
dual‐doping.
Upcycled
materials
can
effectively
overcome
two
key
challenges
at
high
voltages:
strain
accumulation
lattice
oxygen
evolution.
It
exhibits
comprehensive
electrochemical
performance
far
superior
commercial
4.6
V,
especially
its
fast
charging
capability
15
C,
an
impressive
91.1%
capacity
retention
after
200
cycles
1.2
Ah
pouch
cell.
Importantly,
this
approach
demonstrates
broad
applicability
various
spent
layered
cathodes,
particularly
showcasing
value
mixed
cathodes.
This
work
bridges
gap
management
material
enhancement,
offering
sustainable
path
LIBs
production
next‐generation
high‐voltage
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2024
Direct
recycling
is
considered
to
be
the
next-generation
technology
for
spent
lithium-ion
batteries
due
its
potential
economic
benefits
and
environmental
friendliness.
For
layered
oxide
cathode
materials,
an
irreversible
phase
transition
a
rock-salt
structure
near
particle
surface
impedes
reintercalation
of
lithium
ions,
thereby
hindering
compensation
process
from
fully
restoring
composition
defects
repairing
failed
structures.
We
introduced
transition-metal
hydroxide
precursor,
utilizing
catalytic
activity
produced
during
annealing
convert
into
that
provides
fast
migration
pathways
ions.
The
material
repair
synthesis
processes
share
same
heating
program,
enabling
added
precursor
undergo
topological
transformation
form
targeted
oxide.
This
regenerated
exhibits
performance
superior
commercial
cathodes
maintains
88.4%
initial
capacity
after
1000
cycles
in
1.3
Ah
pouch
cell.
Techno-economic
analysis
highlights
advantages
over
pyrometallurgical
hydrometallurgical
methods,
indicating
practical
application.
Materials Horizons,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
With
broad
usage
of
lithium-ion
batteries
(LIBs)
in
electronic
devices
and
electric
vehicles
(EVs),
a
large
number
decommissioned
LIBs
will
be
generated,
which
cause
serious
environmental
pollution
waste
resources.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2024
Abstract
Lithium‐ion
batteries
(LIBs)
with
ternary
oxide
cathode
materials
are
the
prevalent
energy
storage
devices
for
electric
vehicles,
and
huge
amounts
of
spent
LIBs
pose
severe
challenges
in
terms
environmental
impact
resource
management.
Particularly,
proper
handling
degraded
is
central
importance
sustainable
closed‐loop
development
industry.
In
this
context,
direct
regeneration
oxides
toward
reusable
high‐performance
environmentally
economically
favorable
contrast
to
present
metallurgical
recycling
methods.
work,
a
simple
effective
two‐step
method
demonstrated
regenerate
NCM
622
(LiNi
0.6
Co
0.2
Mn
O
2
)
by
elemental
compensation
structural
restoration.
Moreover,
multi‐functional
LTO
(Li
4
Ti
5
12
surface
coating
simultaneously
designed
guarantee
rapid
Li
+
diffusion
stable
regenerated
product.
Therefore,
LTO‐coated
show
excellent
electrochemical
performance;
specifically,
initial
discharge
capacity
(183.0
mAh
g
−1
at
0.1
C),
rate
capability
(90.0
10
cycling
stability
(79.3%
retention
after
200
cycles)
even
comparable
those
fresh
materials.
The
as‐established
upcycling
strategy
may
shed
light
on
value‐added
thereby
virtuous
cycle
LIBs.
