Green Energy & Environment,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
8(1), С. 115 - 140
Опубликована: Май 29, 2022
Potassium-ion
batteries
(PIBs)
are
potential
"Beyond
Li-ion
Batteries"
candidates
for
their
resource
advantage
and
low
standard
electrode
potential.
To
date,
the
research
on
PIBs
is
in
its
early
stages,
most
urgent
task
to
develop
high-performance
materials
reveal
potassium
storage
mechanism.
For
anode
materials,
carbon
with
tunable
microstructure,
excellent
electrochemical
activity,
nontoxicity
price
considered
as
one
of
promising
commercialization.
Although
some
breakthrough
works
have
emerged,
overall
performance
reported
still
far
away
from
practical
application.
Herein,
we
carry
out
a
comprehensive
overview
terms
three
aspects
rational
design
structure,
evaluation
criteria
characterization
First,
regulation
mechanism
key
structural
features
representative
strategies
introduced.
Then,
view
undefined
anode,
reference
principle
evaluating
proposed.
Finally,
advanced
techniques
summarize.
This
review
aims
provide
guidance
development
anode.
ACS Nano,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
15(12), С. 18931 - 18973
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2021
Potassium
ion
energy
storage
devices
are
competitive
candidates
for
grid-scale
applications
owing
to
the
abundancy
and
cost-effectiveness
of
potassium
(K)
resources,
low
standard
redox
potential
K/K+,
high
ionic
conductivity
in
K-salt-containing
electrolytes.
However,
sluggish
reaction
dynamics
poor
structural
instability
battery-type
anodes
caused
by
insertion/extraction
large
K+
ions
inhibit
full
K
systems.
Extensive
efforts
have
been
devoted
exploration
promising
anode
materials.
This
Review
begins
with
a
brief
introduction
operation
principles
performance
indicators
typical
systems
significant
advances
different
types
materials,
including
intercalation-,
mixed
surface-capacitive-/intercalation-,
conversion-,
alloy-,
conversion-/alloy-,
organic-type
Subsequently,
host-guest
relationships
discussed
correlation
electrochemical
properties,
underlying
mechanisms,
critical
issues
faced
each
type
material
concerning
their
implementation
Several
optimization
strategies
improve
highlighted.
Finally,
perspectives
on
future
trends
provided,
which
aimed
at
accelerating
development
Abstract
K‐ion
batteries
(KIBs)
have
attracted
tremendous
attention
and
seen
significant
development
because
of
their
low
price,
high
operating
voltage,
properties
similar
to
those
Li‐ion
batteries.
In
the
field
full
batteries,
exploring
high‐performing
low‐cost
anode
materials
for
storage
is
a
crucial
challenge.
Owing
excellent
cost
effectiveness,
abundant
precursors,
environmental
benignancy,
hard
carbons
(HCs)
are
considered
promising
KIBs.
As
result,
researchers
devoted
much
effort
quantify
understand
underlying
mechanisms
HC‐based
anodes.
this
review,
we
mainly
introduce
electrochemical
reaction
mechanism
HCs
in
KIBs,
summarize
approaches
further
improve
performance
storage.
addition,
also
highlight
some
advanced
situ
characterization
methods
understanding
evolutionary
process
potassiation–depotassiation
process,
which
essential
directional
optimization
Finally,
raise
challenges
developing
smart‐structured
HC
propose
rational
design
principles
perspectives
serving
as
guidance
targeted
image
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
61(10)
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2022
Covalent
organic
frameworks
(COF)
possess
a
robust
and
porous
crystalline
structure,
making
them
an
appealing
candidate
for
energy
storage.
Herein,
we
report
exfoliated
polyimide
COF
composite
(P-COF@SWCNT)
prepared
by
in
situ
condensation
of
anhydride
amine
on
the
single-walled
carbon
nanotubes
as
advanced
anode
potassium-ion
batteries
(PIBs).
Numerous
active
sites
exposed
various
open
pathways
promote
highly
efficient
ion
diffusion
P-COF@SWCNT
while
preventing
irreversible
dissolution
electrolyte.
During
charging/discharging
process,
K+
is
engaged
carbonyls
imide
group
naphthalene
rings
through
enolization
π-K+
effect,
which
demonstrated
DFT
calculation
XPS,
ex-situ
FTIR,
Raman.
As
result,
enables
incredibly
high
reversible
specific
capacity
438
mA
h
g-1
at
0.05
A
extended
stability.
The
structural
advantage
more
insights
into
design
versatility
electrode.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
35(42)
Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023
Emerging
sodium-ion
batteries
(NIBs)
and
potassium-ion
(KIBs)
show
promise
in
complementing
lithium-ion
battery
(LIB)
technology
diversifying
the
market.
Hard
carbon
is
a
potential
anode
candidate
for
LIBs,
NIBs,
KIBs
due
to
its
high
capacity,
sustainability,
wide
availability,
stable
physicochemical
properties.
Herein,
series
of
hard
carbons
synthesized
by
hydrothermal
carbonization
subsequent
pyrolysis
at
different
temperatures
finely
tune
their
structural
When
tested
as
anodes,
exhibit
differing
ion-storage
trends
Li,
Na,
K,
with
NIBs
achieving
highest
reversible
capacity.
Extensive
materials
electrochemical
characterizations
are
carried
out
study
correlation
features
performance
explain
specific
mechanisms
alkali-ion
storage
carbons.
In
addition,
best-performing
against
sodium
cathode
Na3
V2
(PO4
)3
Na-ion
pouch
cell,
displaying
power
density
2172
W
kg-1
an
energy
181.5
Wh
(based
on
total
weight
active
both
cathode).
The
cell
also
shows
ultralong-term
cycling
(9000
h
or
5142
cycles)
demonstrates
promising
such
sustainable,
scalable
anodes
beyond
Li-batteries.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
32(48)
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2022
Abstract
Defects
engineering
is
an
attractive
strategy
to
improve
the
potassium
storage
performance
of
carbon
anodes.
The
current
studies
mainly
focus
on
introduction
external
defects
via
heteroatom
doping,
however,
exploration
effect
intrinsic
caused
by
loss
atoms
or
distortion
in
crystal
lattice
still
lacking
date.
Hence,
a
series
materials
with
different
defect
levels
are
developed
soft‐template
assisted
method.
It
found
that
content
synergistically
determined
application
template
and
pyrolysis
temperature,
higher
more
likely
expose
enormous
edge
active
sites.
This
greatly
promotes
K‐adsorption
during
surface‐induced
capacitive
process,
therefore
strong
positive
correlation
between
capacity/capacity
retention
confirmed.
As
result,
electrode
maximum
realizes
good
capacity
rate
capability
long
cycle
lifespan
(225.9
mAh
g
−1
at
2
A
over
2000
cycles).
study
offers
insight
into
role
performance.
Advanced Powder Materials,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
1(4), С. 100057 - 100057
Опубликована: Май 10, 2022
Recently,
the
limited
abundance
and
uneven
geographical
distribution
of
Li
resources
seriously
hamper
growing
demand
for
lithium-based
energy
storage
devices.
In
this
regard,
potassium-ion
batteries
(KIBs)
sharing
similar
“rocking
chair”
working
principles
with
lithium-ion
have
started
to
attract
increasing
attention
due
their
high
density
abundant
potassium
resources.
Carbon
material
is
considered
show
great
potential
using
as
high-performance
anode
in
KIBs.
However,
it
still
a
challenge
simultaneously
achieve
satisfactory
specific
gravimetric
volumetric
capacities,
initial
Coulombic
efficiency,
superior
rate
performance,
excellent
cycle
stability
sluggish
reaction
kinetics
large-sized
K-ions.
Herein,
we
summarize
latest
research
achievements
different
types
carbon
anodes
KIBs,
including
graphite,
graphene,
hard
carbon,
soft
nanotubes,
which
key
factors
affecting
electrochemical
performance
are
explored.
Importantly,
alternative
strategies
addressing
low
gravimetric/volumetric
capacity
efficiency
carbons
thoroughly
emphasized.
Finally,
critical
issues,
challenges,
perspectives
proposed
development
direction
We
hope
review
can
provide
researchers
new
ideas
design
materials
give
insightful
accelerate
application
electrodes
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
146(10), С. 6753 - 6762
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
High-temperature
rechargeable
batteries
are
essential
for
energy
storage
in
elevated-temperature
situations.
Due
to
the
resource
abundance
of
potassium,
high-temperature
K-ion
drawing
increasing
research
interest.
However,
raising
working
temperature
would
aggravate
chemical
and
mechanical
instability
KIB
anode,
resulting
very
fast
capacity
fading,
especially
when
high
is
pursued.
Here,
we
demonstrated
that
a
porous
conductive
metal–organic
framework
(MOF),
which
constructed
by
N-rich
aromatic
molecules
CuO4
units
via
π–d
conjugation,
could
provide
multiple
accessible
redox-active
sites
promised
robust
structure
stability
efficient
potassium
at
temperatures.
Even
60
°C,
this
MOF
anode
deliver
initial
(455
mAh
g–1),
impressive
rate,
extraordinary
cyclability
(96.7%
retention
1600
cycles),
much
better
than
those
reported
anodes.
The
mechanistic
study
revealed
C═N
groups
contributed
abundant
sites;
synergistic
effect
conjugated
character
reticular
architecture
facilitated
K+/e–
transport
ensured
an
insoluble
electrode
with
small
volume
deformation,
thus
achieving
stable
high-capacity
storage.
Abstract
Constructing
a
porous
structure
is
considered
an
appealing
strategy
to
improve
the
electrochemical
properties
of
carbon
anodes
for
potassium‐ion
batteries
(PIBs).
Nevertheless,
correlation
between
K‐storage
performance
and
pore
has
not
been
well
elucidated,
which
hinders
development
high‐performance
anodes.
Herein,
various
carbons
are
synthesized
with
porosity
structures
ranging
from
micropores
micro/mesopores
mesopores,
systematic
investigations
conducted
establish
relationship
characteristics
performance.
It
found
that
fail
afford
accessible
active
sites
K
ion
storage,
whereas
mesopores
can
provide
abundant
surface
adsorption
sites,
enlarged
interlayer
spacing
facilitates
intercalation
process,
thus
resulting
in
significantly
improved
performances.
Consequently,
PCa
electrode
prominent
mesoporous
achieves
highest
reversible
capacity
421.7
mAh
g
−1
excellent
rate
capability
191.8
at
5
C.
Furthermore,
assembled
hybrid
capacitor
realizes
impressive
energy
density
151.7
Wh
kg
power
398
W
.
The
proposed
work
only
deepens
understanding
potassium
storage
materials
distinctive
porosities
but
also
paves
path
toward
developing
PIBs
customized
capabilities.
Abstract
Both
sodium‐ion
batteries
(SIBs)
and
potassium‐ion
(PIBs)
are
considered
as
promising
candidates
in
grid‐level
energy
storage
devices.
Unfortunately,
the
larger
ionic
radii
of
K
+
Na
induce
poor
diffusion
kinetics
cycling
stability
carbon
anode
materials.
Pore
structure
regulation
is
an
ideal
strategy
to
promote
cyclic
materials
by
facilitating
electrolyte
infiltration,
increasing
transport
channels,
alleviating
volume
change.
However,
traditional
pore‐forming
agent‐assisted
methods
considerably
increase
difficulty
synthesis
limit
practical
applications
porous
Herein,
(Ca‐PC/Na‐PC/K‐PC)
with
different
pore
structures
have
been
prepared
gluconates
precursors,
amorphous
structure,
abundant
micropores,
oxygen‐doping
active
sites
endow
Ca‐PC
excellent
potassium
sodium
performance.
For
PIBs,
capacitive
contribution
ratio
82%
at
5.0
mV
s
−1
due
introduction
micropores
high
content,
while
a
reversible
capacity
121.4
mAh
g
can
be
reached
5
A
after
2000
cycles.
SIBs,
stable
101.4
achieved
2
8000
cycles
very
low
decay
rate
0.65%
for
per
cycle.
This
work
may
provide
avenue
application
field.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(37)
Опубликована: Июль 30, 2022
Abstract
Hard
carbons
have
been
identified
as
competitive
anodes
for
Li/Na/K‐ion
batteries
but
their
storage
mechanisms
significantly
vary
in
different
batteries.
It
is
fundamental
to
understand
the
basic
science
behind
difference.
Herein,
it
theoretically
revealed
that
defects
on
carbon
layers
generally
an
influential
impact
atomic
interactions
including
metal–metal
(M–M)
and
metal–carbon
(M–C)
interactions,
thereby
determining
whether
stored
alkali‐metal
atoms
are
ionic
or
quasi‐metallic
states.
Upon
increasing
number
of
metal
a
layer
composed
only
hexatomic
rings,
K
tends
be
state
similar
Li
due
dominant
M–C
interaction,
while
with
defects,
Na
M–M
interaction.
For
experimental
verification,
glassy
carbon,
extreme
form
hard
sp
2
hybridization
Stone–Wales
selected
model
anode,
its
exactly
consistent
theoretical
prediction.
More
profoundly,
first
time,
cluster
information
captured
by
ex
situ
electron
paramagnetic
resonance.