Recent Advances and Perspectives of Battery-Type Anode Materials for Potassium Ion Storage

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15(12), С. 18931 - 18973

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2021

Potassium ion energy storage devices are competitive candidates for grid-scale applications owing to the abundancy and cost-effectiveness of potassium (K) resources, low standard redox potential K/K+, high ionic conductivity in K-salt-containing electrolytes. However, sluggish reaction dynamics poor structural instability battery-type anodes caused by insertion/extraction large K+ ions inhibit full K systems. Extensive efforts have been devoted exploration promising anode materials. This Review begins with a brief introduction operation principles performance indicators typical systems significant advances different types materials, including intercalation-, mixed surface-capacitive-/intercalation-, conversion-, alloy-, conversion-/alloy-, organic-type Subsequently, host-guest relationships discussed correlation electrochemical properties, underlying mechanisms, critical issues faced each type material concerning their implementation Several optimization strategies improve highlighted. Finally, perspectives on future trends provided, which aimed at accelerating development

Язык: Английский

---

A review of hard carbon anode: Rational design and advanced characterization in potassium ion batteries

InfoMat, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2022

Abstract K‐ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted tremendous attention and seen significant development because of their low price, high operating voltage, properties similar to those Li‐ion batteries. In the field full batteries, exploring high‐performing low‐cost anode materials for storage is a crucial challenge. Owing excellent cost effectiveness, abundant precursors, environmental benignancy, hard carbons (HCs) are considered promising KIBs. As result, researchers devoted much effort quantify understand underlying mechanisms HC‐based anodes. this review, we mainly introduce electrochemical reaction mechanism HCs in KIBs, summarize approaches further improve performance storage. addition, also highlight some advanced situ characterization methods understanding evolutionary process potassiation–depotassiation process, which essential directional optimization Finally, raise challenges developing smart‐structured HC propose rational design principles perspectives serving as guidance targeted image

Язык: Английский

---

Covalent Organic Framework with Highly Accessible Carbonyls and π‐Cation Effect for Advanced Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 61(10)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COF) possess a robust and porous crystalline structure, making them an appealing candidate for energy storage. Herein, we report exfoliated polyimide COF composite (P-COF@SWCNT) prepared by in situ condensation of anhydride amine on the single-walled carbon nanotubes as advanced anode potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Numerous active sites exposed various open pathways promote highly efficient ion diffusion P-COF@SWCNT while preventing irreversible dissolution electrolyte. During charging/discharging process, K+ is engaged carbonyls imide group naphthalene rings through enolization π-K+ effect, which demonstrated DFT calculation XPS, ex-situ FTIR, Raman. As result, enables incredibly high reversible specific capacity 438 mA h g-1 at 0.05 A extended stability. The structural advantage more insights into design versatility electrode.

Язык: Английский

---

Investigating the Superior Performance of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Compared With Lithium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(42)

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023

Emerging sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium-ion (KIBs) show promise in complementing lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology diversifying the market. Hard carbon is a potential anode candidate for LIBs, NIBs, KIBs due to its high capacity, sustainability, wide availability, stable physicochemical properties. Herein, series of hard carbons synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization subsequent pyrolysis at different temperatures finely tune their structural When tested as anodes, exhibit differing ion-storage trends Li, Na, K, with NIBs achieving highest reversible capacity. Extensive materials electrochemical characterizations are carried out study correlation features performance explain specific mechanisms alkali-ion storage carbons. In addition, best-performing against sodium cathode Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 Na-ion pouch cell, displaying power density 2172 W kg-1 an energy 181.5 Wh (based on total weight active both cathode). The cell also shows ultralong-term cycling (9000 h or 5142 cycles) demonstrates promising such sustainable, scalable anodes beyond Li-batteries.

Язык: Английский

---

Unraveling the Effect of Intrinsic Carbon Defects on Potassium Storage Performance

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(48)

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2022

Abstract Defects engineering is an attractive strategy to improve the potassium storage performance of carbon anodes. The current studies mainly focus on introduction external defects via heteroatom doping, however, exploration effect intrinsic caused by loss atoms or distortion in crystal lattice still lacking date. Hence, a series materials with different defect levels are developed soft‐template assisted method. It found that content synergistically determined application template and pyrolysis temperature, higher more likely expose enormous edge active sites. This greatly promotes K‐adsorption during surface‐induced capacitive process, therefore strong positive correlation between capacity/capacity retention confirmed. As result, electrode maximum realizes good capacity rate capability long cycle lifespan (225.9 mAh g −1 at 2 A over 2000 cycles). study offers insight into role performance.

Язык: Английский

---

Designing carbon anodes for advanced potassium-ion batteries: Materials, modifications, and mechanisms

Advanced Powder Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1(4), С. 100057 - 100057

Опубликована: Май 10, 2022

Recently, the limited abundance and uneven geographical distribution of Li resources seriously hamper growing demand for lithium-based energy storage devices. In this regard, potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) sharing similar “rocking chair” working principles with lithium-ion have started to attract increasing attention due their high density abundant potassium resources. Carbon material is considered show great potential using as high-performance anode in KIBs. However, it still a challenge simultaneously achieve satisfactory specific gravimetric volumetric capacities, initial Coulombic efficiency, superior rate performance, excellent cycle stability sluggish reaction kinetics large-sized K-ions. Herein, we summarize latest research achievements different types carbon anodes KIBs, including graphite, graphene, hard carbon, soft nanotubes, which key factors affecting electrochemical performance are explored. Importantly, alternative strategies addressing low gravimetric/volumetric capacity efficiency carbons thoroughly emphasized. Finally, critical issues, challenges, perspectives proposed development direction We hope review can provide researchers new ideas design materials give insightful accelerate application electrodes

Язык: Английский

---

Conductive Metal–Organic Framework with Superior Redox Activity as a Stable High-Capacity Anode for High-Temperature K-Ion Batteries

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 146(10), С. 6753 - 6762

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

High-temperature rechargeable batteries are essential for energy storage in elevated-temperature situations. Due to the resource abundance of potassium, high-temperature K-ion drawing increasing research interest. However, raising working temperature would aggravate chemical and mechanical instability KIB anode, resulting very fast capacity fading, especially when high is pursued. Here, we demonstrated that a porous conductive metal–organic framework (MOF), which constructed by N-rich aromatic molecules CuO4 units via π–d conjugation, could provide multiple accessible redox-active sites promised robust structure stability efficient potassium at temperatures. Even 60 °C, this MOF anode deliver initial (455 mAh g–1), impressive rate, extraordinary cyclability (96.7% retention 1600 cycles), much better than those reported anodes. The mechanistic study revealed C═N groups contributed abundant sites; synergistic effect conjugated character reticular architecture facilitated K+/e– transport ensured an insoluble electrode with small volume deformation, thus achieving stable high-capacity storage.

Язык: Английский

---

Pore structure and oxygen content design of amorphous carbon toward a durable anode for potassium/sodium‐ion batteries

Carbon Energy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

Abstract Both sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion (PIBs) are considered as promising candidates in grid‐level energy storage devices. Unfortunately, the larger ionic radii of K + Na induce poor diffusion kinetics cycling stability carbon anode materials. Pore structure regulation is an ideal strategy to promote cyclic materials by facilitating electrolyte infiltration, increasing transport channels, alleviating volume change. However, traditional pore‐forming agent‐assisted methods considerably increase difficulty synthesis limit practical applications porous Herein, (Ca‐PC/Na‐PC/K‐PC) with different pore structures have been prepared gluconates precursors, amorphous structure, abundant micropores, oxygen‐doping active sites endow Ca‐PC excellent potassium sodium performance. For PIBs, capacitive contribution ratio 82% at 5.0 mV s −1 due introduction micropores high content, while a reversible capacity 121.4 mAh g can be reached 5 A after 2000 cycles. SIBs, stable 101.4 achieved 2 8000 cycles very low decay rate 0.65% for per cycle. This work may provide avenue application field.

Язык: Английский

---

Revealing the Charge Storage Mechanism in Porous Carbon to Achieve Efficient K Ion Storage

Small, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(32)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2024

Abstract Constructing a porous structure is considered an appealing strategy to improve the electrochemical properties of carbon anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Nevertheless, correlation between K‐storage performance and pore has not been well elucidated, which hinders development high‐performance anodes. Herein, various carbons are synthesized with porosity structures ranging from micropores micro/mesopores mesopores, systematic investigations conducted establish relationship characteristics performance. It found that fail afford accessible active sites K ion storage, whereas mesopores can provide abundant surface adsorption sites, enlarged interlayer spacing facilitates intercalation process, thus resulting in significantly improved performances. Consequently, PCa electrode prominent mesoporous achieves highest reversible capacity 421.7 mAh g −1 excellent rate capability 191.8 at 5 C. Furthermore, assembled hybrid capacitor realizes impressive energy density 151.7 Wh kg power 398 W . The proposed work only deepens understanding potassium storage materials distinctive porosities but also paves path toward developing PIBs customized capabilities.

Язык: Английский

---

Unraveling the Key Atomic Interactions in Determining the Varying Li/Na/K Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbon Anodes

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(37)

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2022

Abstract Hard carbons have been identified as competitive anodes for Li/Na/K‐ion batteries but their storage mechanisms significantly vary in different batteries. It is fundamental to understand the basic science behind difference. Herein, it theoretically revealed that defects on carbon layers generally an influential impact atomic interactions including metal–metal (M–M) and metal–carbon (M–C) interactions, thereby determining whether stored alkali‐metal atoms are ionic or quasi‐metallic states. Upon increasing number of metal a layer composed only hexatomic rings, K tends be state similar Li due dominant M–C interaction, while with defects, Na M–M interaction. For experimental verification, glassy carbon, extreme form hard sp 2 hybridization Stone–Wales selected model anode, its exactly consistent theoretical prediction. More profoundly, first time, cluster information captured by ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance.

Язык: Английский

---