Biomedical applications of selective metal complexes of indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole: A review (From 2015 to 2022)

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(9), С. 101698 - 101698

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023

Indole, benzoxazole benzothiazole and benzimidazole are excellent classes of organic heterocyclic compounds. These compounds show significant application in pharmacy, industries, dyes, medicine, polymers food packages. also form metal complexes with copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, platinum, gold, palladium chromium, silver, iron, other metals that have shown to be applications. Recently, researchers attracted enormous attention toward such as indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, their due medicinal applications anti-ulcerogenic, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antiparasitic, anti-obesity, antimalarial, antiglycation, antiviral potency, antineuropathic, analgesic antioxidant, antihistaminic, antibacterial potentials. In this article, we summarize the these well complexes. We hope article will help designing synthesizing novel potent various fields.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advancements in Strategies for the Synthesis of Imidazoles, Thiazoles, Oxazoles, and Benzimidazoles

ChemistrySelect, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(47)

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2023

Abstract Nitrogen‐containing heterocycles such as imidazoles, thiazoles, and oxazoles play a significant role in the fields of biological pharmaceutical chemistry. These compounds were widely used for agrochemical, pesticide, medicinal, industrial applications. Due to wide spectrum structural diversity well activity N ‐heterocycles, plethora reports on their synthesis have appeared last few decades. However, developments various bond‐forming strategies C−C, C−N, C−O, C−S, N−N, C−H activation, been powerful synthetic tool derive copious ‐heterocycles. The most prominent fascinating imidazole, thiazole, oxazoles, benzimidazole moieties by C−C C−N coupling reactions, multi‐component cycloaddition etc. are discussed this study. studies demonstrated enormous potential methods accelerating modern chemical establishing molecular beauty through bonding. aspects methodologies, like optimized conditions, substrate scope, mechanistic investigations, detail.

Язык: Английский

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Roles of Alkali Metals tert‐Butoxide as Catalysts and Activators in Organic Transformations

Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(8)

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2023

Abstract The alkali metal tert ‐butoxides have found wide application as catalysts and activators for the conversion of numerous organic molecules. These formidable additives in catalytic amounts are extensively employed transition metal‐free approaches to serve single‐electron transfer processes towards formation C−C C‐heteroatom bond formation. This review elucidates their multifaceted roles encompassing a series novel synthetic methodologies, in‐depth analyses reactivity patterns, efficiencies across myriad reactions. involvement either directly or combination with other metals discussed along detailed mechanistic pathways various Overall, this article summarises approximately all reactions those been influenced by reported last decades.

Язык: Английский

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Skeletal Editing Through Single Atom Insertion and Transmutation: An Insight into A New Era of Synthetic Organic Chemistry

Synthesis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56(24), С. 3793 - 3814

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Abstract Considering the importance of heterocycles, significantly represented in medicinal chemistry and drug development, single-atom insertion technique transmutation strategy provide productive approaches towards complicated molecular structures through heterocycle diversification. It shows a potentially powerful approach for modifying complex substrates concisely chemospecifically. Although skeletal editing applies to cyclic acyclic compounds, this review focuses on diversification carbo- heterocyclic compounds synthesizing various medicinally important molecules via technique. The classification system is based recent critical historical methods as applied aromatic rings. 1 Introduction 2 Skeletal Editing Carbon-Atom Insertion 2.1 Indoles Pyrroles Derivatives: into C=C Bond 2.2 Pyrazole Indazole an N–N 2.3 CF3 Group Heteroarenes 2.4 Imidazole C–N 2.5 Atom-to-Atom Transmutation 3 N-Atom 3.1 Nitrogen-Atom Carbocycles 3.2 Heterocycles 3.3 Carbon Nitrogen Molecular Isotopic 4 Conclusion

Язык: Английский

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Benzoxazoles

Advances in chemical and materials engineering book series, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 317 - 342

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Benzoxazoles are heterocyclic compounds featuring a benzene ring fused to an oxazole ring. They have attracted significant attention in medicinal chemistry due their diverse biological activities. Many pharmacological core structure called scaffold, which is essential therapeutic actions. Modest alterations this fundamental may result notable variations the medication's mechanism of action. Benzoxazole and its derivatives shown substantial noteworthy effects. This chapter explores synthesis, structural characteristics, various medical applications benzoxazoles, highlighting roles as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agents.

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of Quinolones as Potential Drugs: Synthesis, Reactivity and Biological Activities

Organics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(2), С. 16 - 16

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2025

Quinolones represent one of the largest classes synthetic antibiotics used in both human and veterinary medicine. Since discovery nalidixic acid, a substantial body research has been carried out on quinolones, resulting synthesis several quinolone derivatives with exceptional pharmacology. In addition to their antibacterial action, quinolones have broad spectrum diverse biological activities. this regard, present review examines literature recent years describing protocols, reactivity properties, particular emphasis antibacterial, antimalarial, antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, antiviral anticancer activities famous class molecules. Finally, highlights potential as preferred pharmacophores medicinal chemistry. The aim is highlight innovative aspects rational design new therapeutic agents structural motif, face emerging antibiotic resistance urgent need for active

Язык: Английский

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Iodine and DMSO as Surrogate of Hazardous Metal and Non‐Metal Reagents in Organic Synthesis

ChemistrySelect, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Abstract Organic synthesis involves the production of important chemical structures using scalable and cost‐effective methods that are also environmentally friendly. In this review, a detailed analysis use iodine DMSO in various synthetic routes for preparation valuable targets presented. These reduce acceptance on expensive additives reagents, offer more sustainable solution these scaffolds.

Язык: Английский

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ortho-Halobenzyl Halides as Precursors for the Synthesis of Five- to Nine-Membered Ring Structures Employing Transition Metals as Catalysts

Synthesis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2024

Abstract This review highlights the multifaceted usefulness of o-halobenzyl halides as pivotal substrates for construction five- to nine-membered cyclic structures with aid transition metals catalysts. These privileged entities engage dual active sites, enabling combination both intermolecular benzylation and intramolecular arylation strategies that directs formation a diverse repository structures. The introduction transition-metal catalysis in cross-coupling transformations sparked revolution forging aryl–heteroatom bonds, culminating evolution more potent methodologies synthesis wide spectrum valuable compounds. Furthermore, associated pharmaceutical biological attributes these augment their significance medicinal chemistry research. aims showcase importance this synthetic methodology its far-reaching applications synthesis. 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis Five-Membered Rings 3 Six-Membered 4 Seven-Membered 5 Eight- Nine-Membered 6 Conclusion

Язык: Английский

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HFIP‐Mediated Cyclodesulfurization Approach for the Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzoxazole and 2‐Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives

Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8)

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024

Abstract A straightforward strategy for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active 2‐aminobenzoxazoles and 2‐aminobenzothiazoles is described by using 2‐aminophenols, 2‐aminothiophenols, functionalized phenylisothiocyanates as model substrates. The developed method proceeds through HFIP‐promoted cyclodesulfurization process which allows efficient these scaffolds at 60 °C reaction temperature without addition a transition metal‐catalyst or hazardous solvents with excellent yields (up to 92 %) product formation. This involves HFIP‐mediated hydrogen bonding interactions hydroxyl thiol moieties, leading bond breaking formation during reaction, resulting in compounds interest situ release H 2 S gas.

Язык: Английский

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Organocatalytic Approaches towards the Synthesis of Asymmetric Tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) Derivatives

Synthesis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024

Abstract 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) are present in molecules with significant biological importance and pharmaceuticals diverse activities. Various synthetic routes have been developed to tetrahydroquinolines, such as the hydrogenation of quinolines, domino reactions, intramolecular cyclization, notably, Povarov reaction. Organocatalysts small, chiral organic that can successfully catalyze transformations. This review examines use organocatalysts asymmetric synthesis tetrahydroquinoline derivatives using aminocatalysis, NHC catalysis, H-bonding catalysis covering literature between 2000 early 2024. 1 Introduction 2 Aminocatalysis 3 Catalysis 4 H-Bonding 5 Miscellaneous 6 Conclusion

Язык: Английский

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