Normal human craniofacial growth and development from 0 to 4 years

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

Knowledge of human craniofacial growth (increase in size) and development (change shape) is important the clinical treatment a range conditions that affects it. This study uses an extensive collection CT scans to investigate over first 48 months life, detail how cranium changes form (size each sex these are associated with various soft tissues such as brain, eyes tongue expansion nasal cavity. achieved through multivariate analyses cranial based on 3D landmarks semi-landmarks by linear dimensions, volumes. The results highlight accelerations decelerations throughout early childhood. They show from 0 12 months, undergoes greater than months. However, terms overall shape, there no significant sexual dimorphism age considered this study. In consequence single model presented for future studies examine physio-mechanical interactions growth.

Язык: Английский

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Leveraging descriptor learning and functional map‐based shape matching for automated anatomical Landmarking in mouse mandibles

Journal of Anatomy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Abstract Geometric morphometrics is used in the biological sciences to quantify morphological traits. However, need for manual landmark placement hampers scalability, which both time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and open human error. The selected landmarks embody a specific hypothesis regarding critical geometry relevant question. Any adjustment this necessitates acquiring new set of or revising them significantly, can be impractical large datasets. There pressing more efficient flexible methods that adapt different hypotheses without requiring extensive effort. This study investigates precision accuracy derived from functional correspondences obtained through map framework processing. We utilize deep network learn shape descriptors, enable us achieve map‐based point‐to‐point between specimens our dataset. Our methodology involves automating landmarking process by interrogating these maps identify corresponding landmarks, using manually placed entire dataset as reference. apply method rodent mandibles compare its performance MALPACA's, standard tool automatic placement. model demonstrates speed improvement compared MALPACA while maintaining competitive level accuracy. Although typically shows lowest RMSE, models perform comparably well, particularly with smaller training datasets, indicating strong generalizability. Visual assessments confirm automated placements, deviations consistently falling within an acceptable range estimates. results underscore potential unsupervised learning anatomical placement, presenting practical alternative traditional methods. approach saves significant time effort provides flexibility about geometrical features re‐acquisition landmarks. advancement significantly enhance scalability applicability geometric morphometrics, making it feasible datasets diverse studies.

Язык: Английский

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Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Characterization of Facial Sexual Dimorphism in Juveniles

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3), С. 395 - 395

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Background: The characterization of facial sexual dimorphic patterns in healthy populations serves as valuable normative data to tailor functionally effective surgical treatments and predict their aesthetic outcomes identify dysmorphic traits related hormonal disorders genetic syndromes. Although the analysis differences juveniles different ages has already been investigated, few studies have approached this topic with three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis, whose interpretation may add important clinical insight current understanding. This study aims investigate location extent variations through a spatially dense GMM analysis. Methods: We investigated 3D stereophotogrammetric scans 304 Italians aged 3 18 years old (149 males, 155 females) categorized into four age groups: early childhood (3–6 years), late (7–12 puberty (13–15 adolescence (16–18 years). Geometric analyses shape (allometry, general Procrustes Principal Component Analysis, distance, Partial Least Square Regression) were conducted detail sexually each group. Results: findings confirmed that males larger faces than females same age, significant between two sexes exist all groups. Juveniles start express dimorphism from years, even though biological sex becomes predictor soft tissue morphology 7th year life, displaying more protrusive medial features showing outwardly placed cheeks eyes. Conclusions: provided detailed change trajectories along classes, can be for several disciplines dealing craniofacial region. Our results serve comparative diagnosis abnormalities alterations, reference planning personalized orthodontic evaluation, well forensic applications such prediction face missing juveniles.

Язык: Английский

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Interrogating Random and Systematic Measurement Error in Morphometric Data

Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 51(1), С. 179 - 207

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A Comparison of Semilandmarking Approaches in the Analysis of Size and Shape

Animals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(7), С. 1179 - 1179

Опубликована: Март 28, 2023

Often, few landmarks can be reliably identified in analyses of form variation and covariation. Thus, 'semilandmarking' algorithms have increasingly been applied to surfaces curves. However, the locations semilandmarks depend on investigator's choice algorithm their density. In consequence, extent that different semilandmarking approaches densities result semilandmarks, they expected yield results concerning patterns co-variation. The such differences due methodology is, as yet, unclear often ignored. this study, performance three landmark-driven is assessed, using two surface mesh datasets (ape crania human heads) with degrees complexity, by comparing morphometric analyses. These produce semilandmark locations, which, turn, lead statistical results, although non-rigid are consistent. Morphometric must interpreted caution, recognising error inevitable approximations. Further work needed investigate effects landmark templates understand limitations advantages approaches.

Язык: Английский

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First evidence of the link between internal and external structure of the human inner ear otolith system using 3D morphometric modeling

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

Our sense of balance is among the most central our sensory systems, particularly in evolution human positional behavior. The peripheral vestibular system (PVS) comprises organs responsible for this sense; semicircular canals (detecting angular acceleration) and otolith (utricle saccule; detecting linear acceleration, vibration, head tilt). Reconstructing lineage, however, problematic. In contrast to considerable study canals, relationships between external bone internal membranous (otolith system) remain largely unexplored. This limits understanding functional morphology. combines spherical harmonic modeling landmark-based shape analyses model configuration system. approach serves two aims: (1) test hypothesis that bony form covaries with anatomy; (2) create a 3D morphometric visualizing structure. Results demonstrate significant associations tissues These data provide first evidence structure directly related anatomy, suggesting basic biological relationship. results visualize structural relationship, offering new avenues into biomechanical assessing

Язык: Английский

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Morphological evolution in a time of Phenomics

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Organismal morphology has been at the core of study biodiversity for millennia before formalization concept evolution. In early to mid-twentieth century, a strong theoretical framework was developed understanding both pattern and process morphological evolution on macroevolutionary scale. The past half century transformational period evolutionary morphology, in quantification novel analytical tools estimating how why diversity changes through time, with marked increase studies apparent 1990s. We are now another inflection point evolution, availability vast amounts high-resolution data sampling extant extinct allowing ‘omics’-scale analysis. Artificial intelligence is already increasing pace phenomic collection even further. This new reality, where ability obtain quickly outpacing analyse it robust, realistic models, brings set challenges, we here present analyses demonstrating these challenges discussing solutions. Fully transitioning into “Omics” era will involve development automate extraction meaningful, comparable morphometric from images, integrate fossil large phylogenetic trees downstream analyses, generate robust models that accurately reflect complexity processes well-suited high-dimensional data. Combined, advancements solidify emerging field phenomics appropriately center around analysis unambiguously critical deep-time

Язык: Английский

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New insights into patterns of integration in the femur and pelvis among catarrhines

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 184(3)

Опубликована: Март 16, 2024

Integration reflects the level of coordinated variation phenotype. The integration postcranial elements can be studied from a functional perspective, especially with regards to locomotion. This study investigates link between locomotion, femoral structural properties, and femur-pelvis complex morphology.

Язык: Английский

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What is a trait? Lessons from the human chin

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 342(2), С. 65 - 75

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract The chin, a distinguishing feature of Homo sapiens , has sparked ongoing debates regarding its evolutionary origins and adaptive significance. We contend that these controversies stem from fundamental disagreement about what constitutes well‐defined biological trait, problem received insufficient attention despite recognized importance in biology. In this paper, we leverage paleoanthropological research on the human chin to investigate general issue character or trait identification. First, examine four accounts existing literature: mandibular differential growth byproduct, bony prominence, inverted T‐relief, symphyseal angle. then generalize propose three‐stage framework for process identification: description, detection, justification. use reinterpret accounts, elucidating key points contention surrounding as well other morphological characters. show over carry broad important implications extend beyond are not mere semantic issues definition.

Язык: Английский

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Face-brain correlates as potential sex-specific biomarkers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Psychiatry Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 339, С. 116027 - 116027

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Given the shared ectodermal origin and integrated development of face brain, facial biomarkers emerge as potential candidates to assess vulnerability for disorders in which neurodevelopment is compromised, such Schizophrenia (SZ) bipolar disorder (BD). The sample comprised 188 individuals (67 SZ patients, 46 BD patients 75 healthy controls (HC)). Using a landmark-based approach on 3D reconstructions, we quantified global local shape differences between SZ/BD HC using geometric morphometrics. We assessed correlations brain cortical measures. analyses were performed separately by sex. Diagnosis explained 4.1% - 5.9% variance males females with SZ, 4.5% BD. Regarding shape, detected 43.2% significantly different distances 47.4% compared HC, whereas percentages decreased 35.8% 26.8%, respectively. that area volume 2.2% 2% male sample. Our results support neurodevelopmental marker reveal sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms modulating interplay face.

Язык: Английский

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