Recent developments in probing the levels and flux of selected organellar cations as well as organellar mechanosensitivity

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 87, С. 102600 - 102600

Опубликована: Май 3, 2025

Electrochemical gradients exist not only across the plasma membrane (PM) but also membranes of organelles. Various endomembrane-localised ion channels and transporters have been identified, activity which is critical for organellar (and cellular) ionic homeostasis that underpins diverse cellular processes. Aberrant flux underlies several diseases, identifying as potential drug targets. Therefore, need probing functions these proteins in situ cannot be overemphasised. The acidic interior a few organelles well dynamic nature most historically presented challenges reliable estimation luminal concentrations. But there significant methodological technical advancements by now, allowing measurement levels specific ions within their endomembranes with increasing precision. Evidence continues to amass reporting mechanosensitivity its physiological significance. Here we highlight some recent developments tools techniques measuring movement selected cations mechanosensitivity.

Язык: Английский

---

Cracking the membrane lipid code

Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 83, С. 102203 - 102203

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Why has nature acquired such a huge lipid repertoire? Although it would be theoretically possible to make bilayer fulfilling barrier functions with only one glycerophospholipid, there are diverse and numerous different species. Lipids heterogeneously distributed across the evolutionary tree lipidomes evolving in parallel organismal complexity. Moreover, lipids between organs tissues even within same cell, organelles have characteristic signatures. At molecular level, membranes asymmetric laterally heterogeneous. This asymmetry at scales indicates that these molecules may play very specific biology. Some of roles been recently uncovered: shown essential processes as hypoxia ferroptosis or protein sorting trafficking but many them remain still unknown. In this review we will discuss importance understanding diversity biology share toolbox some emerging technologies helping us uncover new cell and, step by step, crack membrane code.

Язык: Английский

---

Hydrophobic Interfacing of Fluorescent Membrane Probes

ChemistryEurope, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(3)

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2023

Abstract Fluorescent flippers have been introduced as small‐molecule probes to image membrane tension in living systems. While the hydrophilic headgroup region has modified extensively for intracellular targeting, little is known about hydrophobic interfacing with surrounding membrane. To tackle this challenge, design, synthesis and evaluation of a glutamine‐derived flipper collection reported. Considering importance tension‐induced phase separation imaging, study focused on how modulate distribution functional between ordered disordered microdomains. Also interest was control over intermembrane transfer without loss function specific labeling plasma membranes. Evidence presented two‐step insertion mechanism through more accessible domains into better matching domains. This process also explains differences partition coefficients bioimaging. It further demonstrated that interdomain can be regulated by brightness fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy responsiveness tension. Irreversible partitioning inhibits coincides internalization cells. These results demonstrate improve probe performance provide guidelines proceed.

Язык: Английский

---

Fluorescent Membrane Probes Obey the Israelachvili Rules

Helvetica Chimica Acta, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 107(7)

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Abstract When developing fluorescent membrane probes, we naturally tend to focus on the fluorophore itself. In this study, show that sometimes it can be beneficial shift attention from center periphery, maximize multiple interfacing with complex changing environments. Palmitylation for hydrophobic and glutamate dendrons hydrophilic are combined improve performance of flipper probes. We increase in membranes, solubility water is important, water, hydrophobicity probe. These seemingly paradoxical measures taken satisfy Israelachvili rules. They state only inverted cone amphiphiles form soluble micelles while shaped precipitate into hexagonal 1 supramolecular polymers, intermediate cylindrical behavior dominated by bilayers lamellar precipitates. The normal obtained prevent precipitation prepare efficient transfer lipid bilayer membranes. results flippers break all records set 2016 original regard effective brightness, responsiveness order, anchoring disordered partitioning membranes high stable labeling interest. lessons learned confirm obvious: rules apply also promise literally bright perspectives

Язык: Английский

---

Conceptually innovative fluorophores for functional bioimaging

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 264, С. 116638 - 116638

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2024

Fluorophore chemistry is at the forefront of bioimaging, revolutionizing visualization biological processes with unparalleled precision. From serendipitous discovery mauveine in 1856 to cutting-edge fluorophore engineering, this field has undergone transformative evolution. Today, synergy chemistry, biology, and imaging technologies produced diverse, specialized fluorophores that enhance brightness, photostability, targeting capabilities. This review delves into history innovation fluorescent probes, showcasing their pivotal role advancing our understanding cellular dynamics disease mechanisms. We highlight groundbreaking molecules applications, envisioning future breakthroughs promise redefine biomedical research diagnostics.

Язык: Английский

---