Multivariate Models of Animal Sex: Breaking Binaries Leads to a Better Understanding of Ecology and Evolution

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(4), С. 891 - 906

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

"Sex" is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits an organism related reproduction. However, these traits-gamete type, chromosomal inheritance, physiology, morphology, behavior, etc.-are not necessarily coupled, the rhetorical collapse variation into single term elides much complexity inherent in sexual phenotypes. We argue that consideration "sex" as constructed category operating at multiple biological levels opens up new avenues for inquiry our study variation. apply this framework three case studies illustrate diversity sex variation, from decoupling phenotypes evolutionary ecological consequences intrasexual polymorphisms. instead assuming binary systems, some may be better categorized multivariate nonbinary. Finally, we conduct meta-analysis terms scientific literature highlight how model can clarify, rather than cloud, within across species. such expanded equips us understand processes, biologists, it incumbent upon push back against misunderstandings biology enact harm on marginalized communities.

Язык: Английский

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Reconsidering “inclusive language:” Consequences for healthcare and equitableness of a growing linguistic movement to address gender identity with a path forward

Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 101088 - 101088

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Sex, gender identity and women’s health research and equality: An urgent need for clarity of language and accurate data collection

Women and Birth, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 38(1), С. 101854 - 101854

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

With the rise in salience of concept gender identity, changes are being made to language and data collection with major implications for women's health research equality. Specifically, referring women is desexed on sex diminishing. In 2023, Australia's National Health Medical Research Council (NHMRC) undertook public consultations two draft guidance documents discussing use words 'woman'/'women' when describing involvement pregnant research, identity collection. We collaborated writing gathering support responses both consultations.

Язык: Английский

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Sex and Gender Identity: Data Collection and Language Considerations for Human Research Ethics Committees and Researchers

Journal of Academic Ethics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Sex diversity in the 21st century: Concepts, frameworks, and approaches for the future of neuroendocrinology

Hormones and Behavior, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 157, С. 105445 - 105445

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2023

Sex is ubiquitous and variable throughout the animal kingdom. Historically, scientists have used reductionist methodologies that rely on a priori sex categorizations, in which two discrete sexes are inextricably linked with gamete type. However, this binarized operationalization does not adequately reflect diversity of observed nature. This due, part, to fact exists across many levels biological analysis, including genetic, molecular, cellular, morphological, behavioral, population levels. Furthermore, mechanisms governing embedded complex networks dynamically interact other systems. To produce most accurate scientifically rigorous work examining neuroendocrinology capture full range variability present systems, we must critically assess frameworks, experimental designs, analytical methods our research. In perspective piece, first propose new conceptual framework guide integrative study sex. Then, provide practical guidance research approaches for studying sex-associated variables, factors consider design, selection model organisms, methodologies, statistical analyses. We invite fellow conscientiously apply these modernized advance understanding encourage academically socially responsible outcomes work. By expanding frameworks methodological sex, will gain insight into unique ways organization vast array

Язык: Английский

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No Bones About It: Sex Is Binary

Archives of Sexual Behavior, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(5), С. 1595 - 1608

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Sex-specific assumptions and their importance in models of sexual selection

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(10), С. 927 - 935

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Sexual selection is a field coloured by tension and contrasting views. One contested claim the causal link from definition of sexes (anisogamy) to divergent on sexes. Does theory truly engage with this claim? We survey extent which makes sex-specific assumptions engages anisogamy, discuss these issues in broader context. The majority sexual does not While invalidate existing results, debates criticisms regarding force us think deeper about its logical foundations. ways strengthen foundations relaxing central assumptions.

Язык: Английский

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Association of Recalled Childhood Sex-Typed Behavior with Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Iranian Adult Males and Females

The Journal of Sex Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Same-sex sexual attraction in both males and females has been associated with childhood sex-atypical behavior. Gynephilic recall behaving a manner that is less female-typical more male-typical compared to cisgender androphilic females, whereas gynephilic males. In addition, male female ambiphilic individuals exhibit intermediate levels of sex-atypicality. this study, we examined recalled sex-typed behavior among Iranian (n = 236), 51), 191), transgender 60), 243), 96), 32), 122). Both elevated sex-atypicality, scoring between females. Male participants scored their other- same-sex attracted counterparts. Transgender exhibited hyper-feminized behavior, even than as Consistent previous research, our findings from Iran – non-Western, Middle Eastern culture provide cross-cultural support for the universality sex-atypicality normative developmental precursor monosexual or ambisexual who are transgender.

Язык: Английский

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Fair Enough?—Scientific and Historic Perspectives on Sex Controversies at the Paris 2024 Olympics

East Asian Science Technology and Society An International Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Fast evolutionary turnover and overlapping variances of sex-biased gene expression patterns defy a simple binary classification of sexes

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

The phenotypic differences between the sexes are generated by genes with sex-biased expression. These range from a few major regulators to large numbers of organ-specific effector in sexually mature individuals. We explore variation and evolutionary patterns these dataset natural populations sub-species species mice across an distance two million years. Within short phylogenetic distances, we find faster turnover gene expression compared non-sex-biased adaptive protein evolution for that given taxon. show occur only subset co-expression modules each organ taxa occurs often within main modules. Given our is first animals was combined population genetic context, were interested study within-group variances somatic gonadal tissues their turnover. To visualize individual variances, have developed index (SBI) represents cumulative all organ. SBI distributions can close binary overlapping sexes. They do not correlate organs same individuals, thus supporting mosaic model sex-determination Comparison data humans shows fewer strongly conclude subject fast evolution, no long-term stability male or female characteristics.

Язык: Английский

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