Multivariate Models of Animal Sex: Breaking Binaries Leads to a Better Understanding of Ecology and Evolution

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(4), P. 891 - 906

Published: May 8, 2023

"Sex" is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits an organism related reproduction. However, these traits-gamete type, chromosomal inheritance, physiology, morphology, behavior, etc.-are not necessarily coupled, the rhetorical collapse variation into single term elides much complexity inherent in sexual phenotypes. We argue that consideration "sex" as constructed category operating at multiple biological levels opens up new avenues for inquiry our study variation. apply this framework three case studies illustrate diversity sex variation, from decoupling phenotypes evolutionary ecological consequences intrasexual polymorphisms. instead assuming binary systems, some may be better categorized multivariate nonbinary. Finally, we conduct meta-analysis terms scientific literature highlight how model can clarify, rather than cloud, within across species. such expanded equips us understand processes, biologists, it incumbent upon push back against misunderstandings biology enact harm on marginalized communities.

Language: Английский

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Sex, gender identity and women’s health research and equality: An urgent need for clarity of language and accurate data collection

Women and Birth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 101854 - 101854

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

With the rise in salience of concept gender identity, changes are being made to language and data collection with major implications for women's health research equality. Specifically, referring women is desexed on sex diminishing. In 2023, Australia's National Health Medical Research Council (NHMRC) undertook public consultations two draft guidance documents discussing use words 'woman'/'women' when describing involvement pregnant research, identity collection. We collaborated writing gathering support responses both consultations.

Language: Английский

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Sex and Gender Identity: Data Collection and Language Considerations for Human Research Ethics Committees and Researchers

Journal of Academic Ethics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sex diversity in the 21st century: Concepts, frameworks, and approaches for the future of neuroendocrinology

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 105445 - 105445

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Sex is ubiquitous and variable throughout the animal kingdom. Historically, scientists have used reductionist methodologies that rely on a priori sex categorizations, in which two discrete sexes are inextricably linked with gamete type. However, this binarized operationalization does not adequately reflect diversity of observed nature. This due, part, to fact exists across many levels biological analysis, including genetic, molecular, cellular, morphological, behavioral, population levels. Furthermore, mechanisms governing embedded complex networks dynamically interact other systems. To produce most accurate scientifically rigorous work examining neuroendocrinology capture full range variability present systems, we must critically assess frameworks, experimental designs, analytical methods our research. In perspective piece, first propose new conceptual framework guide integrative study sex. Then, provide practical guidance research approaches for studying sex-associated variables, factors consider design, selection model organisms, methodologies, statistical analyses. We invite fellow conscientiously apply these modernized advance understanding encourage academically socially responsible outcomes work. By expanding frameworks methodological sex, will gain insight into unique ways organization vast array

Language: Английский

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Fair Enough?—Scientific and Historic Perspectives on Sex Controversies at the Paris 2024 Olympics

East Asian Science Technology and Society An International Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Reconsidering “inclusive language:” Consequences for healthcare and equitableness of a growing linguistic movement to address gender identity with a path forward

Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101088 - 101088

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Fast evolutionary turnover and overlapping variances of sex-biased gene expression patterns defy a simple binary classification of sexes

Published: March 28, 2025

The phenotypic differences between the sexes are generated by genes with sex-biased expression. These range from a few major regulators to large numbers of organ-specific effector in sexually mature individuals. We explore variation and evolutionary patterns these dataset natural populations sub-species species mice across an distance two million years. Within short phylogenetic distances, we find faster turnover gene expression compared non-sex-biased adaptive protein evolution for that given taxon. show occur only subset co-expression modules each organ taxa occurs often within main modules. Given our is first animals was combined population genetic context, were interested study within-group variances somatic gonadal tissues their turnover. To visualize individual variances, have developed index (SBI) represents cumulative all organ. SBI distributions can close binary overlapping sexes. They do not correlate organs same individuals, thus supporting mosaic model sex-determination Comparison data humans shows fewer strongly conclude subject fast evolution, no long-term stability male or female characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Scientific output of undergraduate research supervisors: the role of sex-related, academic career, and subject areas in a Brazilian public institution

Frontiers in Education, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 28, 2025

Introduction This research explores how various characteristics influence supervisors’ output and engagement. It focuses on undergraduate (UR) programs at a Brazilian federal educational institution. The study examines academic curricula, including the number of publications impact their productions, looks for possible inequalities. Accordingly, it analyzes sex-related, path, subject areas productivity UR supervisors in this Methods A case approach was employed, utilizing quantitative methods data collection. Data collected diverse variables, such as education, trajectory, publications, patents, supervisory roles, by examining administrative records registered Lattes Curriculum platform. Descriptive inferential statistics, non-parametric tests correlation analyses, were employed analysis, offering insights into contributions level. Results included 307 (59.0% men), primarily Agrarian Sciences (51.5%), aged 37–46 years, holding doctorate degrees (78.8%). Notably, area had highest mean experience supervision (51.5%). Statistical analyses revealed significant differences among based between activities, more prominently outputs measures ( p < 0.001) master’s studies supervisions. On average, 2.19 articles per year, with higher Health followed Biological field. positive difference (18.0%) supervisor participation found males females, men having rate (14.7%), consistent previous studies. Conclusion investigation emphasizes addressing sex disparities promoting scientific to enhance indicators through public policies. analysis provides valuable fostering policies directed toward institutions. Ethics disclosure Research Committee approved study, ensuring confidentiality participant compliance ethical standards.

Language: Английский

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Sex-specific assumptions and their importance in models of sexual selection

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(10), P. 927 - 935

Published: May 26, 2023

Sexual selection is a field coloured by tension and contrasting views. One contested claim the causal link from definition of sexes (anisogamy) to divergent on sexes. Does theory truly engage with this claim? We survey extent which makes sex-specific assumptions engages anisogamy, discuss these issues in broader context. The majority sexual does not While invalidate existing results, debates criticisms regarding force us think deeper about its logical foundations. ways strengthen foundations relaxing central assumptions.

Language: Английский

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No Bones About It: Sex Is Binary

Archives of Sexual Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 1595 - 1608

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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