Update on immune‐based therapy strategies targeting cancer stem cells

Cancer Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(18), С. 18960 - 18980

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Abstract Accumulating data reveals that tumors possess a specialized subset of cancer cells named stem (CSCs), responsible for metastasis and recurrence malignancies, with various properties such as self‐renewal, heterogenicity, capacity drug resistance. Some signaling pathways or processes like Notch, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt, well CSCs' surface markers CD44, CD123, CD133, cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) have pivotal roles in acquiring CSCs properties. Therefore, targeting CSC‐related might effectively eradicate pave the way survival. Since current treatments chemotherapy radiation therapy cannot all tumor relapse may happen following temporary recovery, improving novel more efficient therapeutic options combine is required. Immunotherapy strategies are new modalities promising results CSCs. Here, we review by immunotherapy dendritic (DC) vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)‐engineered immune cells, natural killer‐cell (NK‐cell) therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), checkpoint inhibitors, use oncolytic viruses (OVs) pre‐clinical clinical studies. This will mainly focus on blood malignancies but also describe solid cancers.

Язык: Английский

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From mechanism to therapy: the journey of CD24 in cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that expressed in wide range of tissues and cell types. It involved variety physiological pathological processes, including adhesion, migration, differentiation, apoptosis. Additionally, has been studied extensively the context cancer, where it found to play role tumor growth, invasion, metastasis. In recent years, there growing interest as potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge CD24, its structure, function, cancer. Finally, we provide insights into clinical application discuss possible approaches development targeted therapies.

Язык: Английский

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The double-edged sword role of natural Killer cells in Parkinson's disease

Cellular Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 409-410, С. 104928 - 104928

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Innovative Therapeutic Approach Targeting Colon Cancer Stem Cells: Transitional Cold Atmospheric Plasma

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(12), С. 12109 - 12121

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Transitional cold atmospheric plasma (TCAP) represents a novel technique for generating remotely from primary source. It consists of partially nonthermal ionized gas mixture containing charged and neutral particles, photons, free radicals. In recent years, TCAP has attracted considerable attention in biomedical applications. order to evaluate colon cancer stem cells' (CCSCs) proliferation, apoptotic induction, inflammatory response, survival, was utilized both directly indirectly this study. Using argon helium gases, continuously delivered two stages during the experiment. For direct state, irradiated onto CCSCs 3 5 min. indirect technique, Matrigel treated with min before introduction cells. vitro assays demonstrated that exposure significantly reduced viability CCSCs; application had greater impacts than argon. Numerous investigations confirmed induction apoptosis, showing groups more cells altered cellular structures controls (****p < 0.0001). A substantial increase Bax/Bcl-2 ratio found by analyzing expression Bax Bcl-2 genes, indicating increased susceptibility apoptosis (*p = 0.0177 ***p 0.0004). The higher efficacy mode further highlighted marker analysis, which showed significant reduction interleukin-6 interleukin-8 TCAP-helium compared TCAP-argon (**p 0.0015 0.0007). Lastly, proliferation test, relies on Ki-67 expression, noteworthy decline all TCAP-treated groups, group exhibiting most robust impact 0.0014). Overall, findings highlight potential TCAP, particularly helium, as promising approach selectively targeting providing insights into its therapeutic mechanisms treatment. therefore, emerges unique strategy applications cell-targeted therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the future of cancer stem cell therapy: a narrative exploration of emerging innovations

Discover Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2025

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), are a critical subpopulation within tumours, and defined by their capacity for self-renewal, differentiation, tumour initiation. These unique traits contribute to progression, metastasis, resistance conventional treatments like chemotherapy radiotherapy, often resulting in cancer recurrence poor patient outcomes. As such, CSCs have become focal points developing advanced therapies. This review highlights progress CSC-targeted treatments, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, immunotherapy, molecular targeting, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Plant-derived compounds gene-editing technologies, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), explored potential enhance precision minimize side effects. Metabolic pathways integral CSC survival, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy (regulated dynamin-related protein 1 [DRP1] the PINK1/Parkin pathway), one-carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism (involving enzymes glutaminase (GLS) glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH]), lipid hypoxia-induced metabolic reprogramming mediated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α HIF-2α), examined therapeutic targets. The adaptability of through autophagy, flexibility, epigenetic regulation metabolites α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate is discussed. Additionally, extracellular vesicles nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) identified pivotal redox balance, DNA repair, modifications. Addressing challenges heterogeneity, immune evasion, treatment durability requires interdisciplinary collaboration. Advancing therapies essential overcoming preventing relapse, paving way transformative treatments. underscores importance leveraging innovative technologies fostering collaboration revolutionize treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Cancer Stem Cells: Robust Features and Therapeutic Targets

Interdisciplinary cancer research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Calpain 2 promotes Lenvatinib resistance and cancer stem cell traits via both proteolysis-dependent and independent approach in hepatocellular carcinoma

Molecular Biomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2024

Lenvatinib, an approved first-line regimen, has been widely applied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, clinical response towards Lenvatinib was limited, emphasizing the importance of understanding underlying mechanism its resistance. Herein, we employed integrated bioinformatic analysis to identify calpain-2 (CAPN2) as a novel key regulator for resistance HCC, and expression greatly increased both Lenvatinib-resistant HCC cell lines samples. Further vitro vivo experiments indicated that knocking down CAPN2 sensitized cells treatment, while overexpression achieved opposite effects Lenvatinib-sensitive line. Interestingly, observed close relationship between cancer stem (CSC) traits cells, evidenced by impaired sphere-forming CSC-related marker expressions after knockdown, verse vice. Mechanistically, strikingly discovered exerted function enzyme-dependent enzyme-independent manner simultaneously: activating β-Catenin signaling through enzyme activity, preventing GLI1/GLI2 degradation direct binding YWHAE manner, which disrupting association inhibit YWHAE-induced GLIs. Notably, further co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed could promote protein stability via recruiting deubiquitinase COPS5 prevent ubiquitination-induced CAPN2. In summary, our data demonstrated promoted catalytic activity-dependent -independent approaches. Reducing rather than inhibiting activity might be promising strategy improve treatment efficiency HCC.

Язык: Английский

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Improving cancer immunotherapy by preventing cancer stem cell and immune cell linking in the tumor microenvironment

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 170, С. 116043 - 116043

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2023

Cancer stem cells are the key link between malignant tumor progression and drug resistance. This cell population has special properties that different from those of conventional cells, role cancer cell-related exosomes in malignancy is becoming increasingly clear. cell-derived carry a variety functional molecules involved regulation microenvironment, especially with regard to immune but how these exert their functions specific mechanisms need be further clarified. Here, we summarize regulating detail, aiming provide new insights for subsequent targeted development clinical strategy formulation.

Язык: Английский

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Clinicopathological significance of cancer stem cell marker CD44/SOX2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and construction of a nomogram to predict overall survival

Translational Cancer Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(6), С. 2971 - 2984

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a prevalent malignancy within the upper gastrointestinal system, is characterized by its unfavorable prognosis and absence of specific indicators for outcome prediction high-risk case identification. In our research, we examined expression levels cancer stem cells (CSCs), markers CD44/SOX2 in ESCC, scrutinized their association with clinicopathological parameters, developed predictive nomogram model. This model, which incorporates CD44/SOX2, aims to forecast overall survival (OS) patients afflicted ESCC.

Язык: Английский

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Tumor cell stemness in gastrointestinal cancer: regulation and targeted therapy

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

The cancer stem cells are a rare group of self-renewable capable the initiation, progression, metastasis and recurrence tumors, also key contributor to therapeutic resistance. Thus, understanding molecular mechanism tumor stemness regulation, especially in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, is great importance for targeting CSC designing novel strategies. This review aims elucidate current advancements including biomarkers, signaling pathways, non-coding RNAs. We will provide comprehensive view on how microenvironment (TME) display an overall tumor-promoting effect, recruitment impact cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), establishment immunosuppressive milieu, induction angiogenesis hypoxia. Lastly, this consolidates mainstream interventions regulation.

Язык: Английский

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